US3666475A - Photographic materials - Google Patents
Photographic materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3666475A US3666475A US32781A US3666475DA US3666475A US 3666475 A US3666475 A US 3666475A US 32781 A US32781 A US 32781A US 3666475D A US3666475D A US 3666475DA US 3666475 A US3666475 A US 3666475A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- polyethylene oxide
- emulsion
- silver
- higher fatty
- residues
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 abstract description 28
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 27
- -1 CARBOXYL Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 6
- SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].BrCl Chemical compound [Ag].BrCl SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical class [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical group OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 6
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CODNYICXDISAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine monochloride Chemical compound BrCl CODNYICXDISAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N (z)-1-[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]octadec-9-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SODQFLRLAOALCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda3-bromacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound Br1=CC=CC=C1 SODQFLRLAOALCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFAOATPOYUWEHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(6-methylheptyl)phenol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O NFAOATPOYUWEHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATGBQPXOROALEJ-RRABGKBLSA-N 2-hexadecoxyethanol;2-[(e)-octadec-9-enoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCO.CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCCOCCO ATGBQPXOROALEJ-RRABGKBLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenidone Chemical compound N1C(=O)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/04—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with macromolecular additives; with layer-forming substances
- G03C1/043—Polyalkylene oxides; Polyalkylene sulfides; Polyalkylene selenides; Polyalkylene tellurides
Definitions
- This invention relates to photographic light-sensitive materials, and more particularly to photographic materials intended for use in recording half-tone dot images or line images and which carry a gelatin silver halide emulsion of very high contrast characteristics, and which are designed to be developed in formaldehyde-containing lowsulphite hydroquinone developers as well as developers of the more usual types, and which exhibit in the former class of developers the phenomenon known as infectious development.
- Emulsions of the foregoing type may be developed satisfactorily over a considerable range of development times, other development conditions being held constant.
- the effective speed of the lith emulsions increases as the development time is increased, and accordingly it is a valuable property of such materials that by controlling development time it is possible to control the eifective emulsion speed.
- a photographic gelatino silver chlorobromide emulsion consisting essentially of per gram mole of silver in the emulsion, from 0.02-3 g. of a polyethylene oxide which has terminal end groups selected from the class consisting of hydrogen and halogen atoms, carboxyl, amino, and carbamoyl groups and higher fatty alcohol residues, saturated higher fatty acid residues and alkyl phenol residues and from 0.5 to 15 g. of Water-soluble hydrolysed polyvinyl acetate having a molecular weight from 5,000 to 30,000 and whose residual acetate content is at least 35%.
- the water solubility of the hydrolysed polyvinyl acetates depends on their residual acetate content, determined on a weight basis, and their viscosity characteristics (which in turn depends on their molecular weight).
- the hydrolysed polyvinyl acetates for use in the present invention must have a molecular weight of at most 30,000 (which means that they are of lower viscosity type) and should be so hydrolysed that they have a residual polyvinyl acetate content of at least 35%.
- Typical of such products is that commercially known as Gelvatol 40/10 referred to in Example I (Emulsion III) which has molecular weight 10,000 and residual acetate 40% and which is freely soluble in cold water.
- the molecular weight of the polyethylene oxide or the polyethylene oxide modified by having at least terminal group substituted by a halogen atom or a carboxyl, amino or carbamoyl group should be between 1,000 and 15,000.
- the molecular weight of the polyethylene oxide modified by having at least one fatty or alkyl phenol terminal group should be between and 15,000.
- higher alcohols which form ethers with polyethylene oxide are cetyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol.
- alkyl phenols which form ethers'with polyethylene oxide are isooctylphenol and nonylphenol.
- saturated higher fatty acids which form estedrs with polyethylene oxide are lauric acid and stearic aci
- the preferred chlorobromide emulsions for use in the present invention have a chloro-bromide ratio of from 1.5-15 chloride to 1 bromide.
- Emulsion I A gelatin silver chlorobromide emulsion containing 31 mole percent of silver bromide, having a grain size of 0.2/L, was sulphur sensitized, stabilized and treated with an orthochromatic sensitizing dye. The emulsion was then coated on film.
- Emulsion II A similar emulsion was treated in the same manner except that 0.17 gr. polyethylene oxide (Carbowax 6000) was added prior to coating.
- 0.17 gr. polyethylene oxide Carbowax 6000
- Gelvatol 40/ 10 is a water-soluble polyvinyl acetate which is manufactured by Shawinigan Ltd., and has a molecular weight 10,000 and contains 40% residual acetate.
- Polyethylene oxide (Carbowax 6000) 0.03 gr. was also added prior to coat ing.
- Polyethylene oxide compound per gram mole silver 0.04 0.05 Carbowax 6000. Unbranched poly ethylene oxide chain M.W..-. 6000.
- E. FICHTER Assistant Examiner sion according to claim 1 wherein the polyethylene oxide condensation product has terminal end groups selected U.S. Cl. X.R.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB37360/65A GB1134410A (en) | 1965-09-01 | 1965-09-01 | Photographic silver halide emulsions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3666475A true US3666475A (en) | 1972-05-30 |
Family
ID=10395873
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US32781A Expired - Lifetime US3666475A (en) | 1965-09-01 | 1970-04-28 | Photographic materials |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3666475A (en, 2012) |
| BE (1) | BE686305A (en, 2012) |
| DE (1) | DE1572007A1 (en, 2012) |
| GB (1) | GB1134410A (en, 2012) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3947273A (en) * | 1973-06-01 | 1976-03-30 | Agfa-Gevaert, N. V. | Development modifiers for silver halide emulsions |
-
1965
- 1965-09-01 GB GB37360/65A patent/GB1134410A/en not_active Expired
-
1966
- 1966-08-31 DE DE19661572007 patent/DE1572007A1/de active Pending
- 1966-09-01 BE BE686305D patent/BE686305A/xx unknown
-
1970
- 1970-04-28 US US32781A patent/US3666475A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3947273A (en) * | 1973-06-01 | 1976-03-30 | Agfa-Gevaert, N. V. | Development modifiers for silver halide emulsions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1134410A (en) | 1968-11-20 |
| BE686305A (en, 2012) | 1967-02-15 |
| DE1572007A1 (de) | 1970-01-02 |
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