US3666243A - Sand mulling or conditioning apparatus and plow construction therefor - Google Patents
Sand mulling or conditioning apparatus and plow construction therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3666243A US3666243A US110180A US3666243DA US3666243A US 3666243 A US3666243 A US 3666243A US 110180 A US110180 A US 110180A US 3666243D A US3666243D A US 3666243DA US 3666243 A US3666243 A US 3666243A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- plow
- bracket
- hub
- construction
- section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/04—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by grinding, blending, mixing, kneading, or stirring
- B22C5/0409—Blending, mixing, kneading or stirring; Methods therefor
- B22C5/0422—Devices having a fixed receptable with rotating tools, some or all of these tools being rolls or balls loosely mounted on their axis or loose balls in contact with the side wall or the bottom of the receptacle, e.g. with aerating means; "Devices of the Muller type"
- B22C5/0427—Devices having a fixed receptable with rotating tools, some or all of these tools being rolls or balls loosely mounted on their axis or loose balls in contact with the side wall or the bottom of the receptacle, e.g. with aerating means; "Devices of the Muller type" having only one vertical tool-driving shaft
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S241/00—Solid material comminution or disintegration
- Y10S241/601—Sand mullers
Definitions
- Gerlach ABSTRACT A foundry sand mulling or conditioning apparatus having a Cl r r 1 1O cylindrical bowl within which there is provided a novel form of [51] Int. Cl. ..B02c 15/00 plow construction which, upon peripheral travel around the [58] Field of Search ..259/ 107, 108, 178, 179, 8; bowl, functions in a novel manner to elevate the sand and 241 /l 10 produce a rolling and rotating torus of sand within the bowl.
- the present invention relates generally to a sand mulling or conditioning apparatus of the general type which is shown and described in co-pending United States patent application Ser. No. 19,445, filed on Mar. 3, 1970 and entitled SAND MULLING APPARATUS, now US. Pat. No. 3,602,442, granted on Aug. 3 l, 1971 and over which apparatus the present apparatus is an improvement.
- the invention is particularly concerned with a novel plow construction which is designed for use in connection with a sand mulling or conditioning apparatus of the general type which is disclosed in such patent application and functions in an improved manner to operate upon the sand undergoing treatment or conditioning by the apparatus.
- the sand mulling or conditioning apparatus which is shown and described in the aforementioned co-pending patent application embodies a generally cylindrical, cup-shaped receptacle or bowl within which there is mounted for rotation about a vertical axis the usual plow-supporting hub, the latter carrying a series of circumferentially spaced, peripherally mounted, sand-impelling plow constructions, as well as a series of horizontally disposed, similarly spaced and mounted mulling wheels.
- the function of the plow constructions is to elevate the sand within the bowl into the circular path of movement of the mulling wheels, and the function of the latter is to break up any clusters of sand which may exist at or in the vicinity of the level of the mulling wheels by compacting the sand against the side wall of the bowl.
- Each plow construction is comprised of two metal plow plates, together with a supporting bracket therefor.
- the two plow plates in combination with each other, define three functional sand-engaging surfaces including a first surface which establishes a side plow and is provided on one of the plates, a second surface which establishes a main lift plow and is provided on the other plow plate, and a third surface which establishes a side wing and is likewise provided on the latter plow plate.
- the first surface operates to direct sand radially outwardly along the bowl bottom and into the path of the second surface.
- the second surface serves to scoop or lift the sand upwardly into the path of the mulling wheels.
- the third surface prevents the sand from spilling over the inner side of the second surface.
- the net result of all three surfaces is to create within the mulling bowl an undulatory elevated rotating and rolling torus of sand which undergoes a continuous kneading action as it rotates and rolls.
- the sand mulling or conditioning apparatus of the present invention is similar to the apparatus of the aforementioned copending application and the mulling plow constructions which are associated therewith likewise each presents three functional sand-engaging surfaces which, in a general way, correspond in function to similar surfaces which are associated with each of the plow constructions of said co-pending patent application.
- an improved mulling action is attained by way of the particular plow constructions of the sand mulling apparatus constituting the present invention, such mulling action including, among other features, a rolling action which is imparted to the torus and results in the latter being caused to follow an undulatory circular path, all in a manner and for a purpose that will be made clear presently.
- the plow constructions of the present invention are of simplified design, are less costly to manufacture, are easier to assemble and also dismantle for purposes of replacement after becoming worn, and are more rugged and durable than the plow constructions of the aforementioned patent application.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the hub of a sand mulling apparatus embodying the present invention, such view showing a plurality of the improved plow constructions operatively applied thereto;
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view of a peripheral portion of the structure shown in FIG. 1, such view showing the hub and an associated plow construction operatively installed in a mulling bowl;
- FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken through a portion of the plow construction and on the line 3-3 of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a reduced vertical sectional view taken through the hub portion of FIG. 1 and on the line 44 of FIG. 1, such view showing the hub portion operatively installed in a mulling apparatus;
- FIG. 5 is a reduced vertical sectional view taken substantially on the line 55 of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on the line 6-6 of FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on the line 77 of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 8 is a fragmentary bottom perspective view of one of the plow constructions, showing the same secured in position on the periphery of the hub of the mulling apparatus;
- FIG. 9 is an enlarged top perspective view of the plow bracket which is employed in connection with the improved plow constructions
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the main lift plow plate which fonns a component part of one of the plow constructions.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the side plow plate which likewise forms a component part of the plow construction.
- the apparatus which is shown therein constitutes one exemplary form of the invention although not necessarily the commercial embodiment thereof.
- the apparatus is designed for use in a foundry or similar establishment and serves as a means for mulling and conditioning molding sand preparatory to use thereof in flasks during casting operations.
- the apparatus involves in its general organization a mulling bowl 10 within which there is centrally disposed a rotatable mulling assembly 11 in the form of a central horizontally extending hub 12 on which there are mounted a series of three horizontally disposed mulling wheels 14 and a series of three plow constructions 16, the latter constituting the principal feature of the present invention.
- mulling wheels 14 and three plow constructions 16 are illustrated in the drawings for exemplary purposes, it will be understood that a greater or lesser number of such wheels and plow constructions may be employed if desired. Regardless of the number of wheels and plow constructions which are employed in any given installation, the circumferential spacing thereof will always be equal with the plow constructions and the wheels alternating as shown in FIG. 1.
- the mulling wheels 14 are mounted on the periphery of the hub 12 to rotate about vertical axes and, thus, are bodily revolvable about the vertical axis of the hub, as well as being rotatable about their own individual axes.
- the plow constructions 16 are fixedly secured to the periphery of the hub in a manner that will be described in detail subsequently.
- the mulling apparatus further includes an air supply duct 18 for introduction of air under pressure to the interior of the bowl 10 for sand aeration and cooling purposes, a water supply pipe 20 for introducing water into the bowl for admixture with the sand.
- An electric motor M is operatively connected through a gear reduction device 22 to the rotary mulling assembly 11 and serves, when energized, to drive the latter.
- the apparatus is essentially of the batch type and is adapted to mull and condition successive batches of new or previously used molding sand, the batches being periodically introduced into the bowl through the open upper rim thereof by way of an endless, power-driven conveyor or other means (not shown).
- the bowl is removably supported upon a hollow base casting 24 which, in turn, is mounted on a horizontally elongated, main supporting frame 26.
- a pivoted damper 27 in the air duct 18 serves to control the flow of air under pressure into the interior of the bowl via the hollow base casting 24 and is operable under the control of an air cylinder 28.
- the bowl 10 is provided with a substantially flat bottom wall 30 and an upstanding cylindrical side wall 32, the latter being provided with an interior rubber liner 34 and an open circular upper rim 36.
- the mulling assembly 1 l is rotatably mounted on a vertical pedestal 40 which is drivingly connected to a vertical shaft 42.
- the latter carries a gear 43 at its lower end, such gear constituting the output gear of the reduction device 22.
- a belt and pulley arrangement 44 completes a power drive for the hub from the electric motor M.
- the hub 12 may assume various shapes but for exemplary purposes herein, it is shown as having a central upstanding and generally frusto-conical central portion 50, from which there slopes outwardly and downwardly an apron-like portion 52 having the general shape of a paraboloid of revolution.
- the entire upper surface of the hub is polished to a high degree of smoothness in order to reduce the coefficient of friction between the hub and the sand within the bowl and thus reduce the tendency for the sand to cling to the hub.
- the contour of the apron-like portion is so designed that the angle of repose of sand particles on any given point thereon will approach a zero angle when the hub is in motion at normal operating speeds.
- the mulling wheels 14 are of conventional construction and each is rotatably mounted for free individual rotation on the upper end of a vertically extending supporting arm 54 which projects upwardly from the peripheral region of the hub.
- the upper surfaces of the wheels are preferably in the form of paraboloids.
- a solid rubber or other elastomeric tire 56 is carried on the periphery of each mulling wheel 14, the tire being designed for cooperation with the rubber liner 34 of the bowl 10 in effecting the desired mulling action in the usual manner of operation of such mulling wheels.
- each plow construction is comprised of three principal parts, namely, two plow plates 60 and 62, and a supporting bracket 64 by means of which the two plow plates are fixedly positioned with respect to each other and also supported from the hub 16.
- These three cooperating plow construction parts are shown in detail in FIGS. 8 to 11, inclusive.
- the supporting bracket 64 is in the form of a casting of irregular spider-like design and is provided with three spider arms including a generally rectangular arm 70, a short arm 72 of small proportions, and a long arm 74.
- the spider arm 70 presents a planar bolting surface 76 and is pro vided with three longitudinally aligned slot-like bolt holes 78.
- the spider arm 72 presents a bolting surface 79 and is provided with a single threaded bolt hole 80 therein.
- the spider arm 74 presents a first bolting surface 82 and is provided with two slot-like bolt holes 84 which intersect such surface.
- the bolting surface 76 receives thereon the main plow plate 60; and the bolting surfaces 82 and 86 receive thereon the plow plate 62.
- the bolting surfaces 79 and are coplanar and fit flush against the underneath side of the hub 16 as best illustrated in FIGS. 2, 4, 6 and 7 when the bracket is mounted on the periphery of the hub.
- the plow plate 60 constitutes a primary or main plow plate and is shown in detail in FIG. 10. It is in the form of a section of heavy gauge sheet metal stock and is bent as indicated at so as to provide a relatively expansive lift plow section 102 and, in addition, a side wing section 104 which extends at an obtuse angle with respect to the lift plow section 102.
- the plow plate 62 constitutes a secondary plow plate and is shown in detail in FIG. 11. It is likewise in the form of a section of heavy gauge sheet metal stock and is bent as indicated at 106 so as to provide a relatively wide section 108 and a relatively narrow section 1 10. Said plow plate 62, when considered as a whole and bolted to the long arm 74 of the supporting bracket 64, constitutes a side plow the function of which will be made apparent subsequently.
- Attachment of the plow plate 60 to the spider arm 70 of the supporting bracket 64 is effected by means of a series of three threaded studs 112 (see FIGS. 3, 5 and 8) which are welded or otherwise secured to the underneath side of the lift plow section 102, project downwardly through the slot-like bolt holes 78 in the spider arm 70, and are provided at their lower ends with clamping nuts 114 and clamp-type reaction plates 116 constituting components of conventional Nelson bolt assemblies 118.
- Attachment of the bracket 64 to the periphery of the hub 12 is effected by means of three cap screws 119, one of which extends through a hole in the hub 16 and is threadedly received in the threaded hole 80 in the bolting surface 79 of the short arm 72 and the other two of which extend through holes in the hub 12 and are threadedly received in the threaded holes 92 in the bolting surface 90 of the long arm 74.
- Attachment of the wide section 108 of the plow plate 62 to the long arm 74 of the supporting bracket 64 is similarly effected by Nelson bolt assemblies 118 which are similar to those previously described and to which similar reference characters have been applied.
- Attachment of the narrow section of the plate 62 to the second bolting surface 86 of the long arm 74 of the supporting bracket 64 is effected by a cap screw 1 19a (see FIGS. 1 and 2) which projects through a hole in said narrow section 110 of the plate 62 and is threadedly received in the threaded hole 88 in the bolting surface 86 of the spider arm 74 of the bracket 64.
- the plow plate 62 of each plow construction 16 leads the associated plow plate 60 in the direction of rotation of the hub.
- the narrow section 110 of the plow plate 62 leads the wide section 108 and, as shown in FIG. 2, partially underlies the periphery of the hub 12 while the wide section 108 of the plow plate 62 assumes a position which is generally tangential with respect to the periphery of the hub.
- the lift plow section 102 of the plow plate 60 is inclined forwardly and downwardly with respect to the bottom wall 30 of the bowl at an angle which is on the order of 28 as indicated in FIG. 5. It also has a component of inward and downward inclination toward the vertical axis of the hub 12, such inclination being on the order of 10 with respect to the bottom wall 30 as indicated in FIG. 6 and resulting by reason of the particular inclination of the planar bolting surface 76 of the spider arm 70 of the bracket 64.
- An acute angle exists between the leading edge 122 of the lift plow section 102 of the plow plate 60 and the outside side edge thereof so that such leading edge may be positioned in close proximity to the bottom wall 30 of the bowl l0 and extends generally radially with respect thereto as shown in FIG. 2.
- the dihedral angle which obtains at the bend line 100 (see FIGS. 1, 2 and 10) between the lift plow section 102 and the side wing section 104 of the plow plate 60 is on the order of 105 and, thus, since the lift plow section 102 possesses an inward slope of 10, the side wing section 104 possesses an inward slope of approximately 65 with respect to the vertical axis of the hub 12.
- the various angular relationships set forth above may be varied within certain limits and the net effect thereof is to exert a particular and generally rotary motion to the body of sand within the bowl 10 in a manner and for a purpose that will now be described in detail.
- the lift plow sections 102 of the plow plates 60 of the plow construction 16 sweep around the peripheral or outer region of the bowl bottom wall 30 and encounter the sand which has been swept radially outwardly and into the path of movement of these lift plow sections. Because the sections 102 are inclined downwardly and forwardly in the direction of rotation of the plow constructions 16, they serve to elevate the sand into the annular area which exists between the side wing sections 104 of the plow plates 60 and the rubber-lined cylindrical side wall 30 of the mulling bowl. It will be noted from an inspection of FIG.
- the mulling wheels 14 are disposed at an elevation above that of the plow constructions 16 so that the elevated sand is trailed by such wheels, the latter ride through the torus of sand and, by reason of their free rotation, exert a compacting action on the sand by squeezing" the same against the elastomeric liner 34 within the bowl side wall 32.
- the elongated or slot-like bolt holes 78 which are formed in the spider arms 70 of the brackets 64 enable slight circumferential adjustment of the positions of the plow plates 60, while the elongated or slot-like bolt holes 84 which are formed in the spider arms 74 of the brackets 64 enable the plow plates 62 to be adjusted circumferentially, as well as enabling them to be tilted upwardly or downwardly with respect to the bowl bottom 30 while the plow plates 62 swing about the axes of the nut and bolt assemblies 118a at the leading ends of the plow plates 62.
- the improved plow constructions 16 may be used in a foundry apparatus which does not include rotary mulling wheels and is used primarily for aerating and cooling foundry sand. Only insofar as the invention is particularly pointed out in the accompanying claims is the same to be limited.
- a plow construction designed for peripheral attachment to a rotatable hub in a sand conditioning bowl and for revolution within said bowl in one direction about the vertical rotational axis of the hub, said plow construction comprising a plow-supporting bracket having means by which it may be fixedly secured to the hub, said bracket presenting a planar supporting surface which is inclined downwardly and forwardly with respect to the direction of movement of the plow construction, an angular plow plate including a flat lift plow section disposed in face-to-face contact with said inclined supporting surface and a side wing section projecting upwardly from the inner side edge of said lift plow section in the trailing region thereof, and means adapted fixedly and removably to secure said plow plate in position on said planar supporting surface of the bracket.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11018071A | 1971-01-27 | 1971-01-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3666243A true US3666243A (en) | 1972-05-30 |
Family
ID=22331638
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US110180A Expired - Lifetime US3666243A (en) | 1971-01-27 | 1971-01-27 | Sand mulling or conditioning apparatus and plow construction therefor |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3666243A (en) |
CA (1) | CA939333A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1982003342A1 (en) * | 1981-04-06 | 1982-10-14 | Corp Pettibone | Mixing equipment and agitator therefor for use with granular material and method of producing prepared granular material |
US5671664A (en) * | 1994-10-27 | 1997-09-30 | Jacobson; Glenn R. | Combination blender and food washing apparatus |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2570223A (en) * | 1948-07-03 | 1951-10-09 | Pettibone Mulliken Corp | Mulling apparatus |
US3284059A (en) * | 1965-03-18 | 1966-11-08 | Nat Eng Co | Mulling shoe mixer |
US3322404A (en) * | 1965-04-22 | 1967-05-30 | Nat Eng Co | Mixer including mulling wheel with resilient tire means to facilitate wheel rotation |
US3373974A (en) * | 1967-02-08 | 1968-03-19 | Nat Eng Co | Rotary mixer |
-
1971
- 1971-01-27 US US110180A patent/US3666243A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1972
- 1972-01-24 CA CA132,985A patent/CA939333A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2570223A (en) * | 1948-07-03 | 1951-10-09 | Pettibone Mulliken Corp | Mulling apparatus |
US3284059A (en) * | 1965-03-18 | 1966-11-08 | Nat Eng Co | Mulling shoe mixer |
US3322404A (en) * | 1965-04-22 | 1967-05-30 | Nat Eng Co | Mixer including mulling wheel with resilient tire means to facilitate wheel rotation |
US3373974A (en) * | 1967-02-08 | 1968-03-19 | Nat Eng Co | Rotary mixer |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1982003342A1 (en) * | 1981-04-06 | 1982-10-14 | Corp Pettibone | Mixing equipment and agitator therefor for use with granular material and method of producing prepared granular material |
US4361404A (en) * | 1981-04-06 | 1982-11-30 | Pettibone Corporation | Mixing equipment and agitator therefor for use with granular material and method of producing prepared granular material |
US5671664A (en) * | 1994-10-27 | 1997-09-30 | Jacobson; Glenn R. | Combination blender and food washing apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA939333A (en) | 1974-01-01 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF CHICAGO THE, Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PETTIBONE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004244/0206 Effective date: 19840217 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: PETTIBONE CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE, DELAWARE Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF CHICAGO;REEL/FRAME:005441/0776 Effective date: 19890525 Owner name: SECURITY PACIFIC BUSINESS CREDIT INC. Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PETTIBONE CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:005432/0185 Effective date: 19881229 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: PETTIBONE CORPORATION, ILLINOIS Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:SECURITY PACIFIC BUSINESS CREDIT, INC.;REEL/FRAME:007648/0300 Effective date: 19950913 |