US3665900A - Electronic control system for shaping the fuel-speed characteristics of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Electronic control system for shaping the fuel-speed characteristics of an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3665900A
US3665900A US872674A US3665900DA US3665900A US 3665900 A US3665900 A US 3665900A US 872674 A US872674 A US 872674A US 3665900D A US3665900D A US 3665900DA US 3665900 A US3665900 A US 3665900A
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Prior art keywords
voltage divider
control system
transistor
additional
set forth
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Expired - Lifetime
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US872674A
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English (en)
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Ewald Schlimme
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE19681807539 external-priority patent/DE1807539C3/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06G—ANALOGUE COMPUTERS
    • G06G7/00—Devices in which the computing operation is performed by varying electric or magnetic quantities
    • G06G7/12—Arrangements for performing computing operations, e.g. operational amplifiers
    • G06G7/26—Arbitrary function generators
    • G06G7/28—Arbitrary function generators for synthesising functions by piecewise approximation

Definitions

  • the additional amplifiers have 5 1 g, C 1102 3 00, 02, 39 00 herent temperature compensation and shape the full-load [58] Field of Search ..123 32 limiting line, while the Original high gain direct current p bomb shapes the speed control lines.
  • FIGS 38 27 nl g INVENTOR Ewe/d SCHL/MME 7 [US ATTORNEY Patented May 30, 1972 3,665,900
  • This invention comprises an electronic control system for an internal combustion'engine having at least one electrically controlled fuel injector means for injecting a quantity of fuel corresponding to a fuel control signal during each operating cycle.
  • the system comprises means for furnishing a desired speed signal and means for furnishing an actual speed signal. It comprises high gain direct current amplifier means adapted to furnish said fuel control signal in response to said desired and actual speed signals. It further comprises additional amplifier means having a highoutput impedance relative to the output impedance of said high gain direct current amplifier means, connected in parallel to said high gain direct current amplifier means.
  • the outputs of both the high gain direct current amplifier means and the additional amplifier means are connected to the voltage divider tap of 'a voltage divider connected from a DC voltage source to ground.
  • The'output voltage, or fuel control'signal is derived between ground and the voltage divider tap.
  • FIG. I shows a number of different fuel-speed characteristic lines
  • FIG. 2 is a basic block diagram of the control system for generating characteristic lines having a plurality of discontinuties or breaks; 1
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram for generating a fuel-speed characteristic with positive slope
  • FIG. 4 shows the characteristic lines corresponding to the circuit of FIG. 3
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram for generating a fuel-speed characteristic with increasing slope and having two discontinuties
  • FIG. 6 shows the characteristic line generated by the circuit of FIG. 5
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram for an alternative embodiment for generating a fuel-speed characteristic of positive slope
  • FIG. 8 shows the characteristic line generated by the circuit of FIG. 7
  • FIG. 9 shows a circuit diagram for generating fuel-speed characteristic lines having negative slopes
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 show the corresponding fuel-speed characteristics
  • FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram of a further embodiment of a circuit for generating fuel-speed characteristics with negative slopes.
  • FIG. 13 shows the characteristic lines'generated by the circuit of FIG. 12.
  • FIG. 1 shows a number of possible fuel-speed characteristic lines. In these, the ordinate represents the quantity of fuel 0 injected during each operating cycle, while the abscissa represents the engine speed in revolutions per minute.
  • the circuit of FIG. 2 is to be used. This shows a direct current amplifier 20 having a diode 21 connected to its output. This direct current amplifier has a feedback circuit'which, in the simplest case, is a resistor.
  • the high gain direct current amplifier has a first amplifier input labelled 22.
  • An actual speed signal U signifying the actual engine'speed is connected to terminal 22 via a resistance 24, while a signal generated by the movement of the accelerator pedal, also called a desired speed signal, is supplied to terminal 22 via a resistance 23.
  • the other terminal of resistor 24, that is the terminal not connected'to terminal 22, is herein referred to as the input temiinal.
  • the second amplifier input terminal, namely terminal 25 has a constant voltage U applied to it.
  • Output circuit means here a voltage divider comprising resistors 26 and 27 connected from the DC voltage source U to ground are connected to the anode of diode 21 whose cathode is connected to the output terminal of the high gain direct current amplifier.
  • the common point of resistors 26 and 27 is herein referred to as the voltage divider tap.
  • the fuelcontrol signal is derived from ground to the voltage divider tap.
  • the fullload limiting line In order to move the horizontal portion of the characteristic lines, which horizontal portion is herein referred to as the fullload limiting line, in the direction of the ordinate independent of the voltage U current sources labelled 31 and 32 are provided which furnish current to the voltage divider tap.
  • the currents furnished by these current sources may vary as a function of an operating parameter of the engine as, for example, the air pressure, the motor temperature, etc. Additional current sources may of course also be supplied if required.
  • a high gain direct current amplifier which furnishes the speed control lines, as the substantially vertical lines are herein referred to, has connected to it in parallel further amplifier means which have a high dynamic output impedance achieved by means of current feedback.
  • These amplifiers each are designed to furnish a current relatively independent of load to the voltage divider tap to determine the top portion of the characteristic lines.
  • the high gain direct current amplifier which 3 voltage drop of the diode to be reduced by a factor coriesponding to the circuit amplification.
  • the resistance of the feedback resistor is very high compared to the parallel resistance of the resistors 26 and 27 in order to prevent a direct interaction of U with the output voltage U,,. If this condition cannot be achieved, it is necessary to furnish an alternate feedback path comprising for example an Zener diode 57 in series with a diode 56, so that the feedback path is completed even when the diode is 21 is blocked. 7
  • the arrangement of diode 21 shown in FIG. 2 has the advantage that the break between the full-load limiting line and the'speed control line is a sharp discontinuity. This is of course very desirable.
  • FIG. 3 shows a circuit for generating a full-load limiting line having a positive slope. It comprises a DC voltage source furnishing a voltage U It further comprises a transistor 33 having an emitter connected to an emitter-resistor 34 to which is supplied the actual speed signal, namely a voltage U,,.
  • the collector of transistor 33 is connected to the voltage divider tap.
  • the circuit also comprises an additional voltage divider means connected in parallel to the voltage divider means comprising resistors 26 and 27.
  • the additional voltage divider means comprise a resistance 37 in series with a resistance 38 connected from the DC voltage source to ground.
  • the additional voltage divider means has an additional voltage divider tap which is the common point of resistors 37 and 38. To this is connected the cathode of a diode 36 whose anode is connected to the base of transistor 33. This diode is referred to as additional diode means.
  • the anode of diode 36 is further con nected to the DC voltage source by a resistance 35.
  • FIG. 4 shows the characteristic lines associated with this circuit.
  • the output voltage U is plotted along the ordinate, while U,,, the voltage representing engine speed, is plotted along the abscissa.
  • U is less than U,,,, a first predetermined speed, transistor 33 is conductive.
  • the output current is then equal to:
  • I-Iere A is base circuit current amplification.
  • the gain of this dU, R26 R27 dU. R26 1227 here U equals the forward voltage of the diode, U equal the base-emitter voltage, and S equal the gain of the transistor stage. Any temperature variation of U is compensated for by the diode voltage Up with sufficient accuracy.
  • the circuit of FIG. 3, can be further modified to generate a characteristic having two discontinuities, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • This circuit comprises further voltage divider means, namely a resistor 39 connected in series with a resistor 40 from the DC voltage source to ground.
  • the further voltage divider tap namely the common point of resistors 39 and 40 is connected to the common point of emitter-resistor 34 and the cathode of an additional diode 41, whose anode has the actual speed signal of voltage supplied to it.
  • the circuit functions in the same manner as the circuit of FIG. 3.
  • the emitter potential is fixed at the value U by means of the voltage divider comprising, resistors 39 and 40, thus generating a second discontinuity if U, is less than the value U (See FIG. 6).
  • the portion of the curve with increasing slope is, however, temperature dependent because of the forward volt age U of diode 41. It is the function of diode 36 to render the portion of the characteristic line U less than U independent of temperature.
  • FIG. 7 shows a circuit which also generates characteristic lines of positive slope with two discontinuities, but has a better temperature stability than the circuit of FIG. 5.
  • the emitter-resistor 34 is connected to a voltage divider consisting of a transistor 42, or more specifically the emitter-collector circuit of transistor 42 connected in series with resistance means, here a resistor 40.
  • the base of transistor 42 is connected to the tap of base circuit voltage divider means comprising a resistor 43 connecting the base to the DC voltage source and a resistor 44 connecting the base to ground.
  • the collector of transistor 42 is connected to the DC voltage source, while the emitter is connected as previously stated to the emitter-resistor and also to the cathode of diode 41 whose anode receives the speed voltage 1],.
  • transistor 42 temperature compensation of the base-emitter voltage of transistor 33 may be achieved even for values of U,, less than U When U lies between the values of U,,, and U,,,, transistor 42 is blocked and the temperature compensation of U of transistor 33 is achieved by the forward diode voltage U If the base voltage divider means have a very low resistance (R43NR44 is much less than R40IIR34) then transistor 42 may be replaced by a diode 55, as indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 7. 1
  • FIG. 9 shows a circuit for'generating fuel-speed characteristic lines having a negative slope.
  • This circuit is referred to as a second amplifier circuit. It comprises a transistor 45 whose collector is connected to the voltage divider tap furnishing the fuel control signal. lts'emitter is connected to ground via a first resistor, namely resistor 46. It is also connected to the DC voltage source by a second resistor, namely resistor 47. The base of the transistor is connected to the DC voltage source via'a third resistor, namely resistor 48, and is also connected to the anode of a diode 49 to whose cathode is furnished an actual speed signal.
  • U is greaterthan U
  • transistor 45 becomes conductive, thus generating the characteristic having a negative slope.
  • the base-emitter voltage of transistor 45 is compensated by the temperature dependent forward voltage U of diode 49.
  • the base of transistor 45 is connected to ground via a fourth resistor 50. This causes the base potential to be constant for speeds exceeding a fourth predetermined speed U Blocking of diode 49 for a voltage U, greater than U causes thesecond discontinuity.
  • FIG. 12 Another embodiment similar to the circuit of 'FIG. 9, is shown in FIG. 12.
  • a third transistor namely transistor 51 has its emitter, referred to as a third emitter connected to the base of transistor 45, herein referred to as the second transistor.
  • the third emitter namely the emitter of transistor 51 is connected to ground, while the-third collector is connected to the DC voltage source by means of a resistance.
  • the base of transistor 51 namely the third base, is connected to the DC voltage source by means of a sixth resistor, namely resistor 52 and is further connected to ground by means of a fifth resistor, namely resistor 53.
  • the remainder of the circuit of FIG. 12 is identical to the circuit of FIG. 9.
  • transistor 51 For a voltage U, greater than U the voltage U of transistor 45 is compensated for by the corresponding voltage of transistor 51. When U is less than U,,,, transistor 51 is blocked and the compensation is effected by the forward voltage U,, of diode 49.'If the base circuit voltage divider means have a low resistance, transistor 51 may be replaced by a diode, as shown with the dashed lines in FIG. 12 between the base of transistor 45 and the base of transistor 51.
  • Electronic control system for internal combustion engines comprising, in combination, at least one electrically controlled fuel injector means for injecting a quantity of fuel corresponding to a fuel control signal during each operating cycle; a source of DC. voltage; voltage divider means having a voltage divider tap, connected in parallel with said source of voltage; means for furnishing a desired speed signal signifying the desired engine speed; means for furnishing an actual speed signal signifying the actual engine speed; direct current feedback amplifier means connected to said means for furnishing a desired speed signal and said means for fumishing an actual speed signal, having a feedback amplifier output connected to said voltage divider tap and having a low dynamic output impedance; variable impedance means interconnected with said direct current feedback amplifier means for disconnecting said feedback amplifier output from said voltage divider tap under predetermined operating conditions; feedback means connected to said direct current feedback amplifier means for maintaining a predetermined voltage at said feedback amplifier output under said predetermined operating conditions; and additional amplifier means responsive to said actual speed signal, having an additional amplifier output connected. to said voltage divider tap, and having a high, dynamic output im
  • said additional amplifier means comprise an amplifying circuit adapted to furnish an additional output signal varying as a function of engine speed, in response to said actual speed signal, when said actual speed signal signifies an engine speed less than a first predetermined speed, and a constant additional output signal when said actual speed signal signifies an engine speed exceeding said first predetermined speed.
  • said amplifying circuit comprises a DC voltage source; a transistor having an emitter, collector and base; wherein said voltage divider means are connected across said DC voltage source; wherein the collector of said transistor is connected to said voltage divider tap; wherein said actual speed signal is supplied to the emitter of said transistor; further comprising additional voltage divider means connected in parallel to said voltage divider means and having an additional voltage divider tap; diode means having an anode connected to the base of said transistor and a cathode connected to said additional voltage divider tap; and resistance means interconnecting the collector of said transistor and said DC voltage source.
  • said further voltage divider means comprise a voltage divider transistor having an emitter-collector circuit connected from said DC voltage source to said additional amplifier input terminal; further comprising base circuit voltage divider means having a base circuit voltage divider tap connected to the base of said voltage divider transistor.
  • said further voltage divider means comprise further diode means; and resistance means connected in series with said further diode means.
  • v v 1 14.
  • said second amplifier circuit comprises a second transistor having 'a second emitter, a second collector, and a second base, said collector being directly connected to said voltage divider tap; temperature compensating diode means interconnecting said means for furnishing an actual speed signal and the base of said transistor; a first resistor connecting said emitter to ground; a DC voltage source; a second resistor connecting said emitter to said DC voltage source; and a third resistor connecting said base to said DC voltage source.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
US872674A 1968-11-07 1969-10-30 Electronic control system for shaping the fuel-speed characteristics of an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime US3665900A (en)

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DE19681807539 DE1807539C3 (de) 1968-10-25 1968-11-07 Elektronische Regeleinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einen Dieselmotor

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3750632A (en) * 1970-03-26 1973-08-07 Bosch Gmbh Robert Electronic control for the air-fuel mixture and for the ignition of an internal combustion engine
US3796197A (en) * 1970-03-12 1974-03-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Electronic regulator with fuel injection control for diesel engines
US3815560A (en) * 1972-03-09 1974-06-11 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ignition system for internal combustion engines
US3817226A (en) * 1970-07-14 1974-06-18 Nippon Denso Co Fuel control system for internal combustion engines
US3867918A (en) * 1971-12-03 1975-02-25 Cav Ltd Fuel supply systems for internal combustion engines
US3893432A (en) * 1971-12-30 1975-07-08 Fairchild Camera Instr Co Electronic control system
US3897762A (en) * 1972-04-04 1975-08-05 Cav Ltd Fuel systems for engines
US3897763A (en) * 1972-04-04 1975-08-05 Cav Ltd Fuel system for engines
US3898964A (en) * 1972-08-31 1975-08-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel-injection arrangement controlled in dependence upon the air inflow rate
US3971348A (en) * 1974-05-08 1976-07-27 International Harvester Company Computer means for sequential fuel injection
US3973537A (en) * 1971-12-03 1976-08-10 C.A.V. Limited Fuel supply systems for internal combustion engines
WO1979000979A1 (en) * 1978-04-24 1979-11-29 Autotronic Controls Corp Electronic engine control
US4359984A (en) * 1979-05-25 1982-11-23 Kiyoharu Nakao Fuel control device for diesel engine
US4538573A (en) * 1981-01-30 1985-09-03 General Dynamics Corporation Electronic engine control
US4572132A (en) * 1982-02-11 1986-02-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electronic control system for a diesel injection system of an internal combustion engine

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1125718B (de) * 1957-09-06 1962-03-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert Einspritzanlage fuer Brennkraftmaschinen mit elektronischer Steuerung und Regelung der Einspritzmenge
US3063242A (en) * 1959-11-02 1962-11-13 Plissey Company Ltd Liquid-fuel operated engine starters
US3070735A (en) * 1959-09-28 1962-12-25 Bendix Corp Servo system
US3128603A (en) * 1960-05-24 1964-04-14 Lucas Industries Ltd Fuel supply control for gas turbine engines
US3407793A (en) * 1966-05-20 1968-10-29 Bosch Gmbh Robert Electronic controller for diesel engines
US3425401A (en) * 1966-05-20 1969-02-04 Bosch Gmbh Robert Electronic controller for diesel engine
GB1191641A (en) * 1966-05-20 1970-05-13 Bosch Gmbh Robert Improvements in Governors for Diesel Engines

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1125718B (de) * 1957-09-06 1962-03-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert Einspritzanlage fuer Brennkraftmaschinen mit elektronischer Steuerung und Regelung der Einspritzmenge
US3070735A (en) * 1959-09-28 1962-12-25 Bendix Corp Servo system
US3063242A (en) * 1959-11-02 1962-11-13 Plissey Company Ltd Liquid-fuel operated engine starters
US3128603A (en) * 1960-05-24 1964-04-14 Lucas Industries Ltd Fuel supply control for gas turbine engines
US3407793A (en) * 1966-05-20 1968-10-29 Bosch Gmbh Robert Electronic controller for diesel engines
US3425401A (en) * 1966-05-20 1969-02-04 Bosch Gmbh Robert Electronic controller for diesel engine
GB1191641A (en) * 1966-05-20 1970-05-13 Bosch Gmbh Robert Improvements in Governors for Diesel Engines

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3796197A (en) * 1970-03-12 1974-03-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Electronic regulator with fuel injection control for diesel engines
US3750632A (en) * 1970-03-26 1973-08-07 Bosch Gmbh Robert Electronic control for the air-fuel mixture and for the ignition of an internal combustion engine
US3817226A (en) * 1970-07-14 1974-06-18 Nippon Denso Co Fuel control system for internal combustion engines
US3973537A (en) * 1971-12-03 1976-08-10 C.A.V. Limited Fuel supply systems for internal combustion engines
US3867918A (en) * 1971-12-03 1975-02-25 Cav Ltd Fuel supply systems for internal combustion engines
US3893432A (en) * 1971-12-30 1975-07-08 Fairchild Camera Instr Co Electronic control system
US4116169A (en) * 1971-12-30 1978-09-26 Fairchild Camera And Instrument Corporation Electronic control system
US3815560A (en) * 1972-03-09 1974-06-11 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ignition system for internal combustion engines
US3897762A (en) * 1972-04-04 1975-08-05 Cav Ltd Fuel systems for engines
US3897763A (en) * 1972-04-04 1975-08-05 Cav Ltd Fuel system for engines
US3898964A (en) * 1972-08-31 1975-08-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel-injection arrangement controlled in dependence upon the air inflow rate
US3971348A (en) * 1974-05-08 1976-07-27 International Harvester Company Computer means for sequential fuel injection
WO1979000979A1 (en) * 1978-04-24 1979-11-29 Autotronic Controls Corp Electronic engine control
US4359984A (en) * 1979-05-25 1982-11-23 Kiyoharu Nakao Fuel control device for diesel engine
US4538573A (en) * 1981-01-30 1985-09-03 General Dynamics Corporation Electronic engine control
US4572132A (en) * 1982-02-11 1986-02-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electronic control system for a diesel injection system of an internal combustion engine

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