US3661782A - Hydraulic brake fluid base oils - Google Patents
Hydraulic brake fluid base oils Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3661782A US3661782A US66554A US3661782DA US3661782A US 3661782 A US3661782 A US 3661782A US 66554 A US66554 A US 66554A US 3661782D A US3661782D A US 3661782DA US 3661782 A US3661782 A US 3661782A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- base oils
- adduct
- castor oil
- hydraulic brake
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M3/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single liquid substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
- C10M2207/046—Hydroxy ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/107—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
Definitions
- This invention relates to base oils for hydraulic brake fluids and to brake fluids produced therefrom.
- the base oils of this invention are an adduct of a mixture of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene oxide with castor oil, and are characterized by having greatly improved properties, in connection With their use in brake fluids, over the properties of castor oil alone or in combination with either ethylene oxide or 1,2-propylene oxide.
- Hydraulic brake fluids are often subjected to extreme temperature variations and must be so constituted that they retain a relatively invariable viscosity, a homogeneous mixture and resist decomposition, solidfication and separation of the ingredients throughout the temperature range to Which they are exposed.
- Castor oil has proven to be deficient in several respects as a base oil for hydraulic brake fluids. These deficiencies include relatively poor low temperature properties, inadequate water tolerance, and relatively low viscosity indexes.
- Presently available synthetic base oils of the polyalkylene glycol type provide brake fluids characterized by having insufficient lubricity.
- An object of this invention is to overcome these and other undesirable characteristics by providing base oils for hydraulic brake fluids which are characterized by improved low temperature properties, improved viscosity indexes, improved Water tolerances, and improved lubricity, as well aslsurpassing the other established requirements for such base oils. Another object is to provide improved hydraulic brake fluids for heavy duty application containing the base oils of this invention. Other objects of this invention will be evident from the following specification.
- the products of the invention are formed by sequentially reacting ethylene oxide with the castor oil and then reacting said mixture with the propylene oxide, or by simultaneously reacting ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene oxide with the castor oil, either by simultaneously adding the oxides separately to the castor oil or mixing the oxides prior to reaction With the castor oil.
- Satisfactory produucts for use as base oils in this invention are those which are miscible with a minimum of 10% of water at room temperature, and which, in the form of a 20% solution by weight in 2-butoxyethano1, are characterized by having the ability to flow within 5 seconds and by being free from appreciable hazing after being maintained at 40 F. for 6 days.
- the satisfactory best products of this invention include the finished adduct containing from about 25% to about 45% by weight of a total mixed oxide component comprising about 90% ethylene oxide and about 10% propylene oxide; the finished adduct containing from about 25% to about 55% by weight of a total mixed oxide component comprising about ethylene oxide and about 20% propylene oxide; the finished adduct containing from about 45% to 65% by weight of a total mixed oxide content comprising about 60% ethylene oxide to 40% propylene oxide. Satisfactory results are obtained when the reaction is carried out so that the products have com-positions Within the following limits:
- a product of particularly fine performance has a composition of 45% mixed oxides (60% ethylene, 40% propylene) and 55 castor oil.
- Suitable diluents for use in the hydraulic brake fluids of this invention are organic oxygen-containing compounds selected from the group consisting of aliphatic monohydric, 'dihydric, and trihydric alcohols having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms and aliphatic ether alcohols having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- diluents within this category include methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohols, butyl alcohols, amyl alcohols, diacetone alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, mehyl pentanediol, and dipropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, glycerine, 2-rnethoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, Z-butoxyethanol, methoxy-methoxyethanol, and the mono-methyl, mono-ethyl, and mono-butyl ethers of diethylene glycol.
- the base oils of this invention have been found to have good compatibility, even at low temperatures, with diluents of the type listed above.
- Excellent brake fluids can be prepared by the use of 20% by weight of a base oil of this invention and 80% by weight of one or more of the foregoing diluents.
- the relative amounts of base oil and diluent can be varied as desired, with a preferred (7) Slight precipitate on bottom amount of diluent being from about 60 to about 90 weight percent, based on the combined weight of the base oil and diluent.
- the instant base oils have much lower viscosities at reduced temperatures than do the prior art unmodified esters. This fact results in an extension in the number of permissible diluents, including those with higher viscosities, over those which could previously be used.
- Some vis- (8) Heavy precipitate on bottom (9) Phase separation 10) Solid or gelled A passing rating in this test is from 1 to 3, with 3+ being on the borderline. It will be noted that hydraulic fluids containing the base oils of this invention (Examples 1-4, 6-12) pass this test without difliculty.
- Viscosity Kinematic index Pour viscosity, 0 F. (A.S.T.M. point, Base oil (centistokes) D56753) F.
- Castor oil Ca. 75, 000 84 10 Blown castor oil (visc.: 23 stokes at 25 C.) 95 0 Ethylene glycol monoloisnoleate. Ca. 100,000 65 5 Propylene clycol monoricmoleate- Ca. 100, 000 36 -15 Castor oil, mixed adduct AL. Czmtor oil, mixed adduct AL. Ca. 12, 000 127 35 Castor oil, mixed adduet AL. -5 Castor oil, 30% mixed adduct 13 35 Castor oil, 40% mixed adduct BL. Ca 10 000 127 40 Castor oil, 50% mixed adduet BL. -45 Castor oil, 60% mixed adduct BL. -15
- Brake fluids should not attack and corrode the metals in the brake system. Hydraulic fluids containing the base oils of this invention have acceptable corrosion characteristics. Some typical data on this property are presented in Table III.
- Base oils of this invention which have a suitable degree of water tolerance include, for example, adducts of castor oil containing a minimum of 30% of mixed oxides.
- the prior art unmodified oil and esters do not have water miscibilities approaching those of the base oils of this invention, and are quite unsatisfactory in this regard.
- the base oils of this invention completely satisfy the many essential requirements of a satisfactory hydraulic fluid base.
- the instant base oils are characterized by having low yiscosities at reduced temperatures, high viscosity indexes, good water tolerance, and excellent lubricity.
- these oils are physically stable and chemically inert to an unusual degree, are miscible with a wide range of oxygen-containing organic diluents, have a negligible effect on rubber, have very low pour points, and are stable at elevated temperatures.
- An hydraulic brake fluid consisting essentially of: (a) a base oil which is an adduct of castor oil with a mixture of about 60% ethylene oxide and about 40% propylene oxide with the total mixed oxides being in the range of 25% to 65% by weight of the adduct, said adduct being characterized by having the ability to flow within 5 seconds and being substantially free from haze after being maintained at -40 F. for six days; and (b) an organic oxygen containing alcohol diluent selected from the group consisting of aliphatic monohydric, dihydric, and trihydric alcohols having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms and aliphatic ether alcohols having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- An hydraulic brake fluid consisting essentially of; (a) a base oil which is an adduct of castor oil with a mixture of about 5% to about 50% by weight ethylene oxide, based on the total weight of the adduct, and about 2 /2% to about 50% by weight propylene oxide, based on the total weight of the adduct, said castor oil constituting about 40% to about 60% by weight of the adduct, and (b) a diluent selected from the grou consisting of mono-(lower) alkylene glycols, di-(lower) alkylene glycols, lower alkyl ethers of said glycols, primary mono-hydric (lower) alcohols and secondary mono-hydric-(lower) alcohols.
- An hydraulic brake fluid consisting essentially of: (a) a base oil which is an adduct of castor oil with a mixture of about 60% ethylene oxide and about 40% propylene oxide with the total mixed oxides being in the range of 25% to 45% by weight of the adduct, said adduct being characterized by having the ability to flow within 5 seconds and being substantially free from haze after being maintained at 40 F. for six days; and (b) an organic oxygen containing alcohol diluent selected from the group consisting of aliphatic monohydric, dihydric, and trihydric alcohols having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms and aliphatic ether alcohols having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US6655470A | 1970-08-24 | 1970-08-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3661782A true US3661782A (en) | 1972-05-09 |
Family
ID=22070234
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US66554A Expired - Lifetime US3661782A (en) | 1970-08-24 | 1970-08-24 | Hydraulic brake fluid base oils |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3661782A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3323880C1 (en) * | 1983-07-02 | 1984-08-16 | Th. Goldschmidt Ag, 4300 Essen | Polyoxyalkylene ether of castor oil and its use in the production of polyurethanes |
-
1970
- 1970-08-24 US US66554A patent/US3661782A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3323880C1 (en) * | 1983-07-02 | 1984-08-16 | Th. Goldschmidt Ag, 4300 Essen | Polyoxyalkylene ether of castor oil and its use in the production of polyurethanes |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CASCHEM, INC., BAYONNE, NJ. A CORP. OF DE. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:NL INDUSTRIES INC.,;REEL/FRAME:003933/0816 Effective date: 19811206 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NL CHEMICALS, INC., A CORP OF DE,NEW YORK Free format text: ASSIGNS THE ENTIRE INTEREST, SUBJECT TO LICENSE AGREEMENTS.;ASSIGNOR:NL INDUSTRIES, INC.,;REEL/FRAME:004659/0815 Effective date: 19861027 Owner name: NL CHEMICALS, INC., 1230 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, N Free format text: ASSIGNS THE ENTIRE INTEREST, SUBJECT TO LICENSE AGREEMENTS.;ASSIGNOR:NL INDUSTRIES, INC.,;REEL/FRAME:004659/0815 Effective date: 19861027 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NL CHEMICALS, INC.,NEW YORK Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NL INDUSTRIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004688/0852 Effective date: 19870305 Owner name: NL CHEMICALS, INC., 1230 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, N Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:NL INDUSTRIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004688/0852 Effective date: 19870305 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NL CHEMICALS, INC.,NEW YORK Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NL INDUSTRIES, INC., A CORP. OF NY;REEL/FRAME:004742/0474 Effective date: 19870721 Owner name: NL CHEMICALS, INC., 1230 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, N Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:NL INDUSTRIES, INC., A CORP. OF NY;REEL/FRAME:004742/0474 Effective date: 19870721 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: RUTHERFORD CHEMICALS LLC, NEW JERSEY Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:THE CIT GROUP/BUSINESS CREDIT, INC.;REEL/FRAME:017240/0432 Effective date: 20060206 |