US3660986A - Solidified gas pellets - Google Patents
Solidified gas pellets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3660986A US3660986A US876170A US3660986DA US3660986A US 3660986 A US3660986 A US 3660986A US 876170 A US876170 A US 876170A US 3660986D A US3660986D A US 3660986DA US 3660986 A US3660986 A US 3660986A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pellet
- pellets
- carbon dioxide
- rod
- projections
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
- C01B32/55—Solidifying
Definitions
- This invention relates in general to pellet machines and to pellets produced by pellet machines of the reciprocating plunger type. More particularly, this invention is concerned with pellet machines for manufacturing frangible pellets from liquefied gas and to the pellets so formed.
- FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a pellet machine for making novel pellets of this invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view in horizontal section taken of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a view in vertical section taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view of the head member of the pellet machine shown in FIG. 1 illustrating pellets being ejected therefrom.
- FIG. 5 is a view in vertical section of an alternative head member for a pellet machine such as shown in FIG. 1 for making the present novel pellets.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the novel pellet of this invention.
- FIG. 7 is a view in horizontal section taken along line 7-7 of FIG. 6.
- FIG. 8 is a view in vertical section taken along line 8-8 of FIG. 6.
- novel carbon dioxide pellets are formed in a pellet machine having a reciprocating piston wherein liquid carbon dioxide is sprayed into a chamber, expanded into snow and then compressed and extruded through openings in a head member which is counterbored from each side of the head to present either: (a) a converging-diverging wall surface or (b) an annular straight wall contiguous with a diverging wall.
- the pellets produced in such a head member are formed with a solid core and have integral, uniformly spaced, radiating projections extending from the core formed with oblique lines of along line 2-2 fracture substantially completely around the core.
- the relatively uniformly spaced projections are somewhat concavoconvex with the convex side in the direction of flow as it is extruded from the pellet machine.
- the core of the pellets forms about 10 to 25 percent of the cross-sectional area through the concave-convex radiating projections and the pellets have a specific density in the range of pounds per cubic foot to about 95 pounds per cubic foot.
- the apparatus 10 in its overall operation is generally similar to that described in the previously referred to copending patent application Ser. No. 500,426 filed Oct. 21, 1965.
- Any suitable drive mechanism can be used such as the one illustrated in the copending patent application having the usual crank shaft and a connecting rod attached to a guide 16 which is mounted for reciprocation-in a bore 18 in block 19.
- ram 17 rigidly bolted to the upper surface of guide 16 by bolt 15 is in turn reciprocated.
- a cylindrical member or casing 20 is secured to block 19 by a tubular flanged connector 21.
- the cylindrical member 20 receives a porous separator or filter 22 which is preferably composed of sintered stainless steel or reinforced sintered bronze and is supported in the enlarged upper portion 23 of casing 20 by a porous filter support 24. Clearance is provided between ram 17 and the inner surface of separator 22.
- a plug 28 of solid carbon dioxide snow is partly formed in bore 27 of casing 20 and partly in bore 29 of head 30.
- the head 30 has a plurality of small bores or openings 31 of the converging-diverging type which communicate with the bore 29.
- a conduit 33 communicates with a standard insulated carbon dioxide storage tank 36 and a valve assembly 34 of the electrical type.
- a cooling coil, compressor, pressure regulator, and liquid and vapor separator for supplying carbon dioxide liquid through conduit 33 are standard and are described in US. Pat. No. 3,576,] 12, application for which was copending herewith.
- the stroke of the ram 17 extends from the upper position shown in broken lines at the lower end of plug 28 to the lower end of bore 27 as shown in solid lines.
- the upper end of the ram 17 has a recess 54which terminates in a sharp peripheral edge 55.
- a bearing 56 is disposed between a washer 57 on internal shoulder 59 and an upper shoulder 58 formed along bore 27.
- the bearing 56 is preferably composed of polytetrafluoroethylene known commercially as Teflon.
- a seal ring 60 is disposed between the adjacent surfaces of casing 20 and connector 21.
- Encircling ram 17 is a U-cup seal 61 composed, for example, of leather into which a ring 62 fits.
- a compression spring 63 acts against an internal shoulder 64 of the connector 21 and against the ring 62.
- the seal 61 is urged against the upper portion 65 of T-shaped connector 66 which I is secured to block 19 by bolts 67 and nuts 68.
- each passage 31 is formed with a converging wall portion 70-which communicates with the compression side of head portion 30 and with its widest dimension proximate to the compression side.
- a diverging wall section 71 In direct extension from each converging wall portion 70 is a diverging wall section 71, the converging and diverging wall sections 70 and 71, respectively, being joined at their narrowest dimensions with the diverging wall section 71 of greatest divergence proximate to the discharge side of head 30.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a head member wherein a plurality of passages 81 are formed each having a straight wall portion 82 proximate to the compression side of head member 80 and a frusto-conical section having a diverging wall portion 83 with its narrowest dimension in communication with straight wall section 82 and disposed with the wall portion 83 of greatest divergence proximate to the discharge side of head member 80.
- the novel rod-like pellet generally 32 is particularly illustrated in FIGS. 6-8 and comprises a generally overall cylindrical configuration with a substantially solid cylindrical core portion 90 and radiating projections 92 integral with said core and spaced substantially uniformly along the core.
- the spaced projections 92 are formed in a generally concavo-convex configuration with the circumferential ends being substantially flat, thus providing together with the core a generally circular cross-section.
- the density of rod-like pellet 32 is in the range of about 45-95 pounds per cubic foot when the solidified gas is carbon dioxide.
- the core member 90 comprises about 10-25 percent of the cross-sectional area of the rod-like pellet member.
- a suitable drive mechanism will continuously reciprocate ram 17 by means of guide 16, the drive mechanism and valve mechanism 34 being in synchronism so that liquid carbon dioxide from conduit 33 is flashed into chamber 27 when the head of ram 17 passes on its downward stroke the entrance of conduit 35 into chamber 27 and ceases the flashing of liquid carbon dioxide when the head of ram 17 begins its upward stroke.
- the operation of the valve 34 and the drive mechanism is substantially the same as that disclosed in copending application Ser. No. 500,426.
- the snow accumulates in the chamber designated by the letter C and carbon dioxide vapor or gas can pass from the chamber through porous filter 22 into outlet conduit 39 and subsequently to a storage chamber for reuse. When the ram 17 moves upwardly, the snow in chamber C is moved toward head 30 and is progressively compressed.
- novel rod-like pellets 32 is effected by extrusion through either a straight wall section 82 followed by a diverging wall 83 or a converging wall 70 with subsequent passage through a diverging wall 71 although the use of the converging wall 70 to effect initial stresses is preferred as it produces more clearly defined radial projections 92. It is theorized that as the compacted carbon dioxide snow passes beyond the narrowest dimension of the diverging wall section a release of pressure occurs and thus the formation of the spaces between the circumferentially extending projections 92 around core 90 and the novel configuration of pellet 32. However, this release of pressure must not be too rapid lest the pellet will break or be ejected in piecemeal fashion.
- diverging wall sections 71 and 83 have only a slight taper not exceeding an included angle of This preferred range provides expansion with simultaneous retention or frictional drag between the edges 93 of projections 92 and the surface of diverging walls 71 and 83.
- This frictional drag effects the convex and concave sides of projections 92 and in effect pre-weakens pellet 32 so that upon application of force on pellet 32 breaks will occur across core between the projections 92 forming wafer-like objects which in turn then break into small pieces.
- a head member which is approximately one-half inch in thickness is preferred with a converging wall countersunk at an angle of 30 for an included angle of 60 to a depth of approximately three-sixteenths of an inch.
- the outside diameter of opening 70 is five-eighths inch and the narrowest diameter is three-eighths of an inch.
- the diverging wall 71 contiguous therewith completin the assage 31 through head 30 is countersunk at a taper 0 1 3 minutes for an included angle of 3 and a depth of five-sixteenths of an inch. While converging wall 70 has a preferred angle of 30 any angle of taper between 45 and 30 works well.
- Pellets fonned by pellet machine 10 can be formed with varying diameters and lengths, although it has been found that pellets having diameters of one-fourth to three-eighths of an inch are preferred. When employing head members 31 and 81, pellets will attain a length in a range about equal to their diameter or twice their diameter before self-severance occurs.
- the pellet 32 is unique in that it has a very high density and yet possesses laminations or uniform pre-weakened fracture lines which makes the pellet highly frangible into minute pieces upon forced contact with any solid object.
- the density of pellet 32 provides for a free flowing pellet which, although severed into suitable lengths will not agglomerate.
- a novel rod-like pellet member formed from a liquefied as is provided which can be rapidly formed and readily shipped without the pellets agglomerating.
- the pellets can be shattered into minute particles thus affording greater heat transfer efliciency than any herebefore known carbon dioxide pellet.
- a rod-like member extruded from solidified carbon dioxide said member having a solid central core portion and projections integral with and radiating outwardly from said core, said core and said projections having a density in the range of about 45-95 pounds per cubic foot.
- a rod-like member as defined in claim 1 further characterized in that upon extrusion to a length in the range of about one to about two times the diameter of said member it selfsevers to a pellet.
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
- 2. A rod-like member as defined in claim 1 further characterized in that upon extrusion to a length in the range of about one to about two times the diameter of said member it self-severs to a pellet.
- 3. The rod-like pellet as defined in claim 1 wherein said projections have opposing sides of a generally concave-convex configuration with a concavo surface on each projection adjacent a convex surface of another projection.
- 4. The rod-like pellet as defined in claim 1 wherein said solid core portion comprises about 10-25% of the cross-sectional area of said rod-like pellet.
- 5. The rod-like pellet as defined in claim 1 wherein said projections are spaced from each other substantially equidistantly along said core.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US87617069A | 1969-12-03 | 1969-12-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3660986A true US3660986A (en) | 1972-05-09 |
Family
ID=25367126
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US876170A Expired - Lifetime US3660986A (en) | 1969-12-03 | 1969-12-03 | Solidified gas pellets |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3660986A (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3786645A (en) * | 1972-08-28 | 1974-01-22 | Chemetron Corp | Apparatus for making compacted pellets of solid phase carbon dioxide |
US3835657A (en) * | 1971-10-26 | 1974-09-17 | Chemetron Corp | Carbon dioxide extruded pellets |
US4727687A (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1988-03-01 | Cryoblast, Inc. | Extrusion arrangement for a cryogenic cleaning apparatus |
US6240743B1 (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2001-06-05 | Russel G. Allen, Jr. | Gas venting device for dry ice pelletizer and methods for retrofitting same onto existing dry ice pelletizers |
US20050092017A1 (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2005-05-05 | Becker James R. | Dry ice block extruder |
US20190301679A1 (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2019-10-03 | TOKITAE LLC, a limited liability company of the State of Delaware | Dry ice compressor device |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE484570C (en) * | 1927-07-27 | 1929-10-17 | Waldemar Hessling | Method and machine for compressing solid carbon dioxide |
US2410035A (en) * | 1943-05-26 | 1946-10-29 | Chemical Developments Corp | Extrusion apparatus |
US2499386A (en) * | 1945-03-01 | 1950-03-07 | Ernest A Joerren | Method and apparatus for making spherical carbon dioxide articles |
US3077081A (en) * | 1959-10-05 | 1963-02-12 | Agefko Kohlensaeure Werke G M | Method for producing shaped bodies of high-density carbon dioxide |
US3098361A (en) * | 1961-08-09 | 1963-07-23 | Haase Ludwig Werner | Method of producing carbon dioxide ice and product thereof |
-
1969
- 1969-12-03 US US876170A patent/US3660986A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE484570C (en) * | 1927-07-27 | 1929-10-17 | Waldemar Hessling | Method and machine for compressing solid carbon dioxide |
US2410035A (en) * | 1943-05-26 | 1946-10-29 | Chemical Developments Corp | Extrusion apparatus |
US2499386A (en) * | 1945-03-01 | 1950-03-07 | Ernest A Joerren | Method and apparatus for making spherical carbon dioxide articles |
US3077081A (en) * | 1959-10-05 | 1963-02-12 | Agefko Kohlensaeure Werke G M | Method for producing shaped bodies of high-density carbon dioxide |
US3098361A (en) * | 1961-08-09 | 1963-07-23 | Haase Ludwig Werner | Method of producing carbon dioxide ice and product thereof |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3835657A (en) * | 1971-10-26 | 1974-09-17 | Chemetron Corp | Carbon dioxide extruded pellets |
US3786645A (en) * | 1972-08-28 | 1974-01-22 | Chemetron Corp | Apparatus for making compacted pellets of solid phase carbon dioxide |
US4727687A (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1988-03-01 | Cryoblast, Inc. | Extrusion arrangement for a cryogenic cleaning apparatus |
US6240743B1 (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2001-06-05 | Russel G. Allen, Jr. | Gas venting device for dry ice pelletizer and methods for retrofitting same onto existing dry ice pelletizers |
US20050092017A1 (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2005-05-05 | Becker James R. | Dry ice block extruder |
US7021081B2 (en) | 2003-11-03 | 2006-04-04 | Airgas Dry Ice | Dry ice block extruder |
US20190301679A1 (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2019-10-03 | TOKITAE LLC, a limited liability company of the State of Delaware | Dry ice compressor device |
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Owner name: CARDOX CORPORATION, PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CHEMETRON CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:003948/0816 Effective date: 19820203 Owner name: CARDOX CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE., PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CHEMETRON CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:003948/0816 Effective date: 19820203 Owner name: CARDOX CORPORATION, 2100 TWO OLIVER PLAZA, PITTSBU Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CHEMETRON CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:003948/0816 Effective date: 19820203 |
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Owner name: HARDT, ANDREW, ILLINOIS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT 50% PER PERSON;ASSIGNOR:BENTON, PAMELA E. MOODIE, EXECUTOR ESTATE OF ROBERT E. HARDT, DECEASED;REEL/FRAME:027964/0353 Effective date: 20110819 |
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Owner name: HARDT, ANDREW, ILLINOIS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT 50% PER PERSON;ASSIGNOR:BENTON, PAMELA E. MOODIE, EXECUTOR ESTATE OF ROBERT E. HARDT, DECEASED;REEL/FRAME:028054/0988 Effective date: 20110819 |