US3651417A - Method for linear acceleration of heavy charged particles and device for its realization - Google Patents

Method for linear acceleration of heavy charged particles and device for its realization Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3651417A
US3651417A US12015A US3651417DA US3651417A US 3651417 A US3651417 A US 3651417A US 12015 A US12015 A US 12015A US 3651417D A US3651417D A US 3651417DA US 3651417 A US3651417 A US 3651417A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
velocity
waveguide
electromagnetic field
heavy
synchronism
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US12015A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alexei Sergeevich Bogomolov
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SU1303552A external-priority patent/SU269369A1/ru
Priority claimed from SU1303551A external-priority patent/SU392608A1/ru
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3651417A publication Critical patent/US3651417A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H9/00—Linear accelerators
    • H05H9/02—Travelling-wave linear accelerators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/10—Plc systems
    • G05B2219/11—Plc I-O input output
    • G05B2219/1168—Peak amplitude for input, nul amplitude for activating output

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method for the linear acceleration of heavy charged particles wherein that there is produced a travelling-wave elec- 1 tromagnetic field which propagates against the accelerated beam and whose reverse spatial harmonic is travelling with a velocity which is in synchronism with the velocity of the accelerated beam, and the accelerated beam interacts with the longitudinal electric component of said electromagnetic field.
  • a linear heavy-particle accelerator in which the accelerating system is in the form of a waveguide fitted with means to secure synchronism between the velocity of the accelerated beam and the velocity of the reverse spatial harmonic of the travelling-wave electromagnetic field produced by an oscillator.
  • the oscillator and the heavy-particle injector are coupled to the opposite ends of the waveguide.
  • the invention relates to nuclear physics and, more particularly, to methods for the linear acceleration of heavy charged particles, such as protons, and devices for their realization.
  • linear proton accelerator i.e., a device to realize the said method, comprising a proton injector coupled to an accelerating system made in the form of a resonant cavity with a system of drift tubes arranged along the longitudinal axis of the latter, a focusing system, and an oscillator.
  • the cited method for the acceleration of heavy charged particles operates by the interaction of the accelerated beam with the longitudinal electric component of a standing-wave electromagnetic field.
  • the standing wave electromagnetic field is produced in resonant cavities and the particles are accelerated across the gaps between drift tubes placed inside the cavities.
  • the cavities operate within the VHF band.
  • the said method provides for the particles energy gain of about one or two MeV./nucleon per meter of length of the accelerating system and cannot be realized in the UHF band because of the low velocity of the injected heavy particles, at least in the energy region below I MeV.
  • the invention comprises a method for the linear acceleration of heavy charged particles such as protons by the interaction of the accelerated beam with the longitudinal electric component of an electromagnetic field, wherein there is produced, according to the invention, a travelling-wave electromagnetic field which propagates against the accelerated beam and whose reverse spatial harmonic is travelling with a velocity which is in synchronism with that of the accelerated beam.
  • the accelerating system is, according to the invention, made in the form of a waveguide fitted with means to secure synchronism between the velocity of the particles and that of the reverse spatial harmonic of the travelling-wave electromagnetic field set up by the oscillator coupled to the waveguide at the end opposite to that coupled to the injector.
  • the said synchronizing means in the form of opposing stubs in the waveguide, arranged with a pitch increasing in the direction away from the input waveguide end coupled to the injector towards the output end in accordance with a specified law of synchronism of the equilibrium particle velocity with the phase velocity of the backward spatial harmonic interacting with the particles.
  • a linear heavy-particle accelerator built according to the present invention provides for an energy increase of about I0 MeV./nucleon per meter of length of the accelerating system, so that the length of the accelerator may be reduced by an order of magnitude in comparison with existing accelerators.
  • FIG. 1 is a general view of a linear heavy-particle accelerator according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross section through an accelerating system according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse cross section through an accelerating system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a transverse cross section through a modified form of the accelerating system according to the invention.
  • a linear proton accelerator comprising a proton injector l which may for instance be a duoplasmatron, a focusing system 2 which may consist of cuter lenses (for example, quadrupole ones), an UHF oscillator 3, and an accelerating system comprising a waveguide 4.
  • the proton injector I and the UHF oscillator 3 are coupled to the opposite ends of the waveguide 4.
  • the end of the waveguide 4 coupled to the injectorl will be referred to as the input end
  • the end coupled to the oscillator 3 will be referred as the output end.
  • the longitudinal cross section through the waveguide 4 in FIG. 2 shows stubs 5 made from the same material as the waveguide 4 and attached to its internal surface in such a manner that every next stub opposes the preceding one, and the pitch of the stubs 5 is made increasing away from the input end of the waveguide 4 towards the output end in accordance with a specified law of synchronism of the equilibrium particle velocity with the phase velocity of the backward spatial harmonic interacting with the particles.
  • the above-described arrangement of the studs 5 provides for synchronism between the velocity of the particle being accelerated and the velocity of that reverse spatial harmonic which accelerates the particles, which leads in the final analysis to a greater gain the energy of the accelerated particles.
  • the same effect can be achieved with a constant pitch between the stubs 5, but they should then be differing in length.
  • the length of the stubs 5 should be chosen to satisfy the requirement for synchronism.
  • FIG. 3 shows a transverse cross section through the waveguide 4.
  • the configuration of the stubs 5 shown is preferable for round waveguides.
  • the stubs 5 have a small central hole 6 to allow the passage of the accelerated beam.
  • FIG. 4 shows, another modification of the stubs 5.
  • This stub configuration is preferable for rectangular waveguides. In this case the accelerated beam is allowed to pass across the gap 7 between two rows of opposing stubs 5.
  • the accelerator disclosed herein operates as follows.
  • the proton beam shaped by the injector l enters the waveguide 4 which accepts electromagnetic energy from the oscillator 3 at the opposite end.
  • the electromagnetic field energy is dissipated in the walls and stubs of the waveguide and is converted into the energy of the particle beam due to the interaction of the particles with the longitudinal electric component of the backward spatial harmonic which is in synchronism with the particles being accelerated.
  • the amplitude of the backward harmonic will be about to 300 kv./cm. at the waveguide end coupled to the UHF oscillator and, say, 1 to 50 kv./cm. at the waveguide end associated with the injector.
  • the acceleration of the particles in a field of rising amplitude results in a heavy damping of the phase oscillations of the particles and in a reduced phase extent of the bunch of particles. Owing to the reduced phase extent of the bunch-and the damping of the phase oscillations of the particles in the bunch, the latter may be accelerated at high values of the equilibrium phase, thereby providing for an efficacious gain of the energy of the accelerated particles.
  • the magnetic field of the focusing system 2 confines the accelerated beam insidethe near-axial region of the waveguide 4.
  • the accelerator may comprise several such stages in cascade.
  • Advantages of the method for the linear acceleration of heavy charged particles disclosed herein consist in that the energy gain is about IO MeV./nucleon per meter length of the accelerating system, the impulse current of the accelerated 'travelingwave electromagnetic field propagating against a direction of beam injection, and providing stubs in the particles is increased five to ten times, and over 90 per cent of the injected particles are captured in acceleration from the continually injected beam.
  • linear heavy-particle accelerator disclosed herein are significantly smaller than those of similar existing accelerators.
  • a method for linear acceleration of heavy particles comprising: injecting a beam of heavy particles at one end of an waveguide with pitches progressively varying in the direction of beam injection to accelerate the beam so that a reverse spatial harmonic of the traveling wave of the electromagnetic field is in synchronism with a velocity of the accelerating beam.
  • a linear heavy-particle accelerator comprising: an accelerating system comprising an elongated waveguide; a heavy-particle injector coupled to a first end of said waveguide; an oscillator producing a travelling-wave electromagnetic field and coupled to the waveguide at an end opposite to said first end; means in said waveguide to ensure synchronism between a velocity of the accelerated beam and a velocity of the reverse spatial harmonic of said electromagnetic field; and a focusing system to secure transverse stability of the accelerated beam.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US12015A 1969-02-18 1970-02-17 Method for linear acceleration of heavy charged particles and device for its realization Expired - Lifetime US3651417A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SU1303552A SU269369A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-02-18 1969-02-18
SU1303551A SU392608A1 (ru) 1969-02-18 1969-02-18 Ан ссср

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3651417A true US3651417A (en) 1972-03-21

Family

ID=26665345

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12015A Expired - Lifetime US3651417A (en) 1969-02-18 1970-02-17 Method for linear acceleration of heavy charged particles and device for its realization

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3651417A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2007019C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2035479A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4392080A (en) * 1980-05-23 1983-07-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Means and method for the focusing and acceleration of parallel beams of charged particles

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2576477B1 (fr) * 1985-01-18 1987-03-06 Cgr Mev Ensemble accelerateur lineaire de particules chargees

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3316440A (en) * 1962-07-04 1967-04-25 Leboutet Hubert Cavity resonator delay circuit having interdigitally supported drift tubes and a continuous undulating conductor
US3332024A (en) * 1962-09-04 1967-07-18 Csf Heavy particle linear accelerator with continuous variation of output energy

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3316440A (en) * 1962-07-04 1967-04-25 Leboutet Hubert Cavity resonator delay circuit having interdigitally supported drift tubes and a continuous undulating conductor
US3332024A (en) * 1962-09-04 1967-07-18 Csf Heavy particle linear accelerator with continuous variation of output energy

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4392080A (en) * 1980-05-23 1983-07-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Means and method for the focusing and acceleration of parallel beams of charged particles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2007019B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-04-03
DE2007019A1 (de) 1971-04-22
DE2007019C3 (de) 1975-11-20
FR2035479A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-12-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Edgecombe Gyrotron oscillators
Slater The design of linear accelerators
Gai et al. Numerical simulations of intense charged-particle beam propagation in a dielectric wake-field accelerator
Le Duff Dynamics and acceleration in linear structures
DE2430270A1 (de) Linearbeschleuniger
Schoessow et al. High power radio frequency generation by relativistic beams in dielectric structures
US5719478A (en) Method and system for bunching a non-relativistic charged particle beam having a kinetic energy of 1 eV to 1 meV using an electric field
Chen et al. Mechanisms and control of beam halo formation in intense microwave sources and accelerators
US3651417A (en) Method for linear acceleration of heavy charged particles and device for its realization
Zhang et al. Inverse Cherenkov dielectric laser accelerator with alternating phase focusing for subrelativistic particles
Vlahos et al. Electron cyclotron maser instability in the solar corona-The role of superthermal tails
Pakter et al. Electron beam halo formation in high-power periodic permanent magnet focusing klystron amplifiers
Masunov et al. High intensity ion beams in rf undulator linac
Shaker et al. Sub-harmonic buncher design for the CLIC drive beam injector
Marshall et al. Multi-mode, multi-bunch dielectric wake field resonator accelerator
Poole et al. Photonic crystal-based high-power backward wave oscillator
SU392608A1 (ru) Ан ссср
Sun et al. Dielectric Laser Accelerator Using Cascaded Symmetric-Double-Prisms
Shiho et al. JAERI millimeter wave FEL experiments with a focusing wiggler
Hopkins et al. Status of LBL/LLNL FEL research for two beam accelerator applications
Chen et al. CARM amplifier theory and simulation
Schempp et al. Design and application possibilities of superconducting radio-frequency quadrupoles
Swain et al. Proposed bunching scheme for a polarized H-injector
Kurkin et al. Regularities and mechanisms of development of instabilities in the system with intense relativistic electron beam
Ratzinger et al. Low energy DTL sections for intense Bi1+ beams