US3647456A - Method of making conductive silver images and emulsion therefor - Google Patents
Method of making conductive silver images and emulsion therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3647456A US3647456A US786366A US3647456DA US3647456A US 3647456 A US3647456 A US 3647456A US 786366 A US786366 A US 786366A US 3647456D A US3647456D A US 3647456DA US 3647456 A US3647456 A US 3647456A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- image
- emulsion
- heated
- conductive silver
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/262—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor using materials covered by groups G03C1/42 and G03C1/43
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
- H05K3/105—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern by conversion of non-conductive material on or in the support into conductive material, e.g. by using an energy beam
- H05K3/106—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern by conversion of non-conductive material on or in the support into conductive material, e.g. by using an energy beam by photographic methods
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A silver bromide emulsion containing cadmium iodide and coated on a substrate is employed to produce a latent silver image thereon.
- This latent image is developed in a high-resolution pattern developer to produce a silver image which when heated to a temperature of 200 to 450 C. produces an image having an electrical conductivity closely approaching that of bulk silver.
- the high-resolution pattern developer results in a feltlike structure of silver wires which when heated at higher temperatures decreases in reflectivity.
- This invention relates to the production of silver images. More particularly it relates to the making of silver images having unique and novel properties.
- a conducting silver image can advantageously be utilized in printed circuit techniques, one of the advantages, for example, flowing from such electrical conductivity being the eliminating of the aluminum layer in photoresists and the establishing of a silver pattern directly upon a wafer.
- a conducting silver image characterized by high spatial resolution would advantageously lend itself, for example, to the providing of a resistive means for writing nonconducting patterns therein.
- a novel photographic emulsion comprising silver bromide containing cadmium iodide.
- a method for producing electrically conductive silver images comprising using a coating of silver bromide emulsion containing cadmium iodide on a substrate to produce a latent image on the substrate, developing the latent image in a high resolution developer to provide a silver image and heating the silver image at a temperature of 200 to 450 C. to render the silver image electrically conductive.
- An example in carrying out the invention is to form an emulsion made by mixing 12 grams of gelatin, 80 ml. of water, 20 ml. of 50 percent silver nitrate solution, 20 ml. of 37.5 percent potassium bromide solution and 0.366 grams of cadmium iodide.
- the resulting emulsion is utilized as a photographic coating on a substrate, such as glass, to receive a latent photographic image, the latter image thereafter being developed in a high resolution pattern developer.
- the images could be heated at lower temperatures for longer periods. Thus, the images could be heated at 200 C. for periods up to 1 hour.
- the emulsion was also coated on different type substrates, such as silicon dioxide wafers, and the same results were obtained.
- a method of making an electrically conducting silver image comprising:
Abstract
A silver bromide emulsion containing cadmium iodide and coated on a substrate is employed to produce a latent silver image thereon. This latent image is developed in a high-resolution pattern developer to produce a silver image which when heated to a temperature of 200* to 450* C. produces an image having an electrical conductivity closely approaching that of bulk silver. The high-resolution pattern developer results in a feltlike structure of silver wires which when heated at higher temperatures decreases in reflectivity.
Description
United States atent Herd et al.
[ Mar. 7, 1972 I72] Inventors: Harold H. Herd, Ossining; Theresa 1. Sun,
Peekskill, both of N.Y.
[73] Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, N.Y.
[22] Filed: Dec. 23, 1968 [21] Appl. No.: 786,366
[52] US. Cl .l ..96/38.4
[51] Int. Cl ..G03c 5/26 [58] Field ofSearch ..117/21l,212,229;96/36.2, 96/384 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,109,737 ll/l963 Scott ..96/l08 Takei et a]. ..96/l08 Nawn et al ..96/3 8.4
Primary Examiner-William D. Martin Assistant ExaminerRaymond M. Speer Attorney-Hanifin and Clark and Isidore Match [57] ABSTRACT A silver bromide emulsion containing cadmium iodide and coated on a substrate is employed to produce a latent silver image thereon. This latent image is developed in a high-resolution pattern developer to produce a silver image which when heated to a temperature of 200 to 450 C. produces an image having an electrical conductivity closely approaching that of bulk silver. The high-resolution pattern developer results in a feltlike structure of silver wires which when heated at higher temperatures decreases in reflectivity.
l Claims, N0 Drawings METHOD OF MAKING CONDUCTIVE SILVER IMAGES AND EMULSION THEREFOR BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to the production of silver images. More particularly it relates to the making of silver images having unique and novel properties.
Normal chemical development of the typical silver halide photographic emulsion produces developed silver images that have little or no electrical conductance and relatively low spatial resolution. A conducting silver image can advantageously be utilized in printed circuit techniques, one of the advantages, for example, flowing from such electrical conductivity being the eliminating of the aluminum layer in photoresists and the establishing of a silver pattern directly upon a wafer. A conducting silver image characterized by high spatial resolution would advantageously lend itself, for example, to the providing of a resistive means for writing nonconducting patterns therein.
Accordingly, it is an important object of this invention to provide a method for making electrically conductive silver images.
It is another object to provide a method for making electrically conductive silver images having high spatial resolution.
It is a further object to provide an emulsion suitable for use in the foregoing methods.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION General speaking, and in accordance with the invention, there is provided a novel photographic emulsion comprising silver bromide containing cadmium iodide. Also, in accordance with the invention, there is provided a method for producing electrically conductive silver images comprising using a coating of silver bromide emulsion containing cadmium iodide on a substrate to produce a latent image on the substrate, developing the latent image in a high resolution developer to provide a silver image and heating the silver image at a temperature of 200 to 450 C. to render the silver image electrically conductive.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT An example in carrying out the invention is to form an emulsion made by mixing 12 grams of gelatin, 80 ml. of water, 20 ml. of 50 percent silver nitrate solution, 20 ml. of 37.5 percent potassium bromide solution and 0.366 grams of cadmium iodide. The resulting emulsion is utilized as a photographic coating on a substrate, such as glass, to receive a latent photographic image, the latter image thereafter being developed in a high resolution pattern developer.
In this latter connection, several 2-inch square glass blanks were coated with the above-prepared emulsion and were direct and contact printed with a mask by being exposed for about 50 seconds at 30 centimeters to a concentrated arc lamp. After the exposure, the glass plates were immersed into the developer for about 2 minutes and then fixed by a fixer solution, such as Kodak Rapider Fixer solution, for about 3 minutes to insure that all of the unexposed areas were fixed, i.e., that no silver bromide remained. The developed glasses were then dried and heated at about 450 C. for about a minute. The silver image so developed and heated showed conductivities very close to that of bulk silver.
It was found that rather than heating the developed silver image at 450 C. for about a minute, the images could be heated at lower temperatures for longer periods. Thus, the images could be heated at 200 C. for periods up to 1 hour. The emulsion was also coated on different type substrates, such as silicon dioxide wafers, and the same results were obtained.
It was also found during the heating that if the fixed silver image is heated to about 350 C., a conducting mesh of silver wires is produced with high spatial resolution, i.e., a few hundred cycles per millimeter, such mesh having a feltlike structure. Upon heating the mesh to a higher temperature, the reflectivity of the silver mesh is decreased. It is believed that upon the heating to such higher temperature, the gelatin is evaporated from the surface of the blank and the silver wires are caused to clump together. A typical temperature required to cause such clumping may be one that is slightly higher than that produced by a focused source of temperature, such as a laser beam. Thus, with this fixed silver image, it is possible to ease the temperature locally sufficiently to rearrange the felt structure and hence lower the reflectivity as observed without affecting the surrounding areas.
While the invention has been particularly described with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled inthe art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
What is claimed is: 1. A method of making an electrically conducting silver image comprising:
producing a latent photographic image in a coating on a substrate of an unmodified gelatin silver bromide emulsion containing cadmium iodide, there being used as said emulsion, one resulting from the mixing of 12 grams of unmodified gelatin, ml. of water, 20 ml. of 50 percent silver nitrate solution, 20 ml. of 37.5 percent potassium bromide solution and 0.366 gram of cadmium iodide;
developing said latent image in a high resolution pattern developer; and
heating said developed image at a temperature of 200 to
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US78636668A | 1968-12-23 | 1968-12-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3647456A true US3647456A (en) | 1972-03-07 |
Family
ID=25138378
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US786366A Expired - Lifetime US3647456A (en) | 1968-12-23 | 1968-12-23 | Method of making conductive silver images and emulsion therefor |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3647456A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1963527A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2026847A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1234847A (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060237321A1 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-10-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method of forming conductive tracks |
US20070015094A1 (en) * | 2005-07-13 | 2007-01-18 | Konica Minolta Medical & Graphic, Inc. | Electromagnetic wave shielding material, method for manufacturing the same and electromagnetic wave shielding material for plasma display panel |
US20070059646A1 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-15 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method of forming conductive tracks |
WO2007031711A1 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method of forming conductive tracks for flexible electronic circuits |
US20080206689A1 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2008-08-28 | Brooks Andrew S | Method of Forming Flexible Electronic Circuits |
US20080290084A1 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2008-11-27 | Winscom Christopher J | Method of Forming a Flexible Heating Element |
US20090242236A1 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2009-10-01 | Fyson John R | Method of forming conductive tracks |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2042200B (en) * | 1979-02-14 | 1983-03-09 | Drexler Tech | Laser pyrographic reflective recording medium |
GB2058380B (en) * | 1979-09-06 | 1983-06-08 | Drexler Tech | Process for making a reflective data storage medium |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3109737A (en) * | 1958-05-26 | 1963-11-05 | Honeywell Regulator Co | Silver halide print-out emulsions combining cadmium iodide |
US3305365A (en) * | 1962-11-12 | 1967-02-21 | Oriental Photo Ind Co Ltd | Photosensitive material |
US3424581A (en) * | 1966-01-25 | 1969-01-28 | Polaroid Corp | Photographic emulsion of silver halide and derivatized gelatin capable of conducting electrical current |
-
1968
- 1968-12-23 US US786366A patent/US3647456A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1969
- 1969-11-13 GB GB55565/69A patent/GB1234847A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-11-17 FR FR6940039A patent/FR2026847A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1969-12-18 DE DE19691963527 patent/DE1963527A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3109737A (en) * | 1958-05-26 | 1963-11-05 | Honeywell Regulator Co | Silver halide print-out emulsions combining cadmium iodide |
US3305365A (en) * | 1962-11-12 | 1967-02-21 | Oriental Photo Ind Co Ltd | Photosensitive material |
US3424581A (en) * | 1966-01-25 | 1969-01-28 | Polaroid Corp | Photographic emulsion of silver halide and derivatized gelatin capable of conducting electrical current |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060237321A1 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-10-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method of forming conductive tracks |
US20080206689A1 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2008-08-28 | Brooks Andrew S | Method of Forming Flexible Electronic Circuits |
US7563564B2 (en) | 2005-04-22 | 2009-07-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method of forming flexible electronic circuits |
US20070015094A1 (en) * | 2005-07-13 | 2007-01-18 | Konica Minolta Medical & Graphic, Inc. | Electromagnetic wave shielding material, method for manufacturing the same and electromagnetic wave shielding material for plasma display panel |
US20070059646A1 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-15 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method of forming conductive tracks |
WO2007031711A1 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method of forming conductive tracks for flexible electronic circuits |
US7449286B2 (en) | 2005-09-13 | 2008-11-11 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method of forming conductive tracks |
US20080290084A1 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2008-11-27 | Winscom Christopher J | Method of Forming a Flexible Heating Element |
US20090142559A1 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2009-06-04 | Peter Hewitson | Method of forming conductive tracks for flexible electronic circuits |
US20090242236A1 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2009-10-01 | Fyson John R | Method of forming conductive tracks |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2026847A1 (en) | 1970-09-25 |
GB1234847A (en) | 1971-06-09 |
DE1963527A1 (en) | 1970-07-02 |
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