US3647137A - Hydraulic chamber incorporating a jet nozzle - Google Patents

Hydraulic chamber incorporating a jet nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
US3647137A
US3647137A US82320A US3647137DA US3647137A US 3647137 A US3647137 A US 3647137A US 82320 A US82320 A US 82320A US 3647137D A US3647137D A US 3647137DA US 3647137 A US3647137 A US 3647137A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
nozzle
shock wave
chamber
configuration
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US82320A
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English (en)
Inventor
Theodore T Naydan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Environment One Corp
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Environment One Corp
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/02—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for controlling time, or sequence, of delivery
    • B05B12/06—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for controlling time, or sequence, of delivery for effecting pulsating flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/06—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure by shock waves
    • B21D26/12—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure by shock waves initiated by spark discharge
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F1/00—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped
    • F04F1/06—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped the fluid medium acting on the surface of the liquid to be pumped
    • F04F1/16—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped the fluid medium acting on the surface of the liquid to be pumped characterised by the fluid medium being suddenly pressurised, e.g. by explosion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K15/00—Acoustics not otherwise provided for
    • G10K15/04—Sound-producing devices
    • G10K15/06—Sound-producing devices using electric discharge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
    • H02N11/006—Motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • B02C2019/183—Crushing by discharge of high electrical energy

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A hydraulic chamber incorporating a nozzle capable of 52 us.
  • Cl B050 7/30 liquid is mined when have shmk wave is [58] Field orsemhnuuuunuli 239E115 1 62 601 101- such pressu'e wave genemed them is ammited 6 5 1 to build up rapidly and uniformly in a direction along the centerline of the nozzle.
  • a suitable configuration for such chamber is a parabolic cissoid in which the locus of the shock [56] References Cited wave is effectively at the focal point of the parabolic portion UNITED STATES PATENTS of such chamber thereby converting the resultant spherical waves into additive plane waves in the direction of the center- 3913384 12/1961 Smlth line of the nozzle opening.
  • the shock wave employed in the $141,296 7/1964 Jacobs at apparatus can be produced by mechanical or electrical ener- 3,325,858 6/1967 Ogden et al.. gy or a combination th f 3,350,885 11/1967 Hall et a].
  • the prior art has disclosed both conical and exponential configurations for jet nozzles for delivering high-velocity liquid jets. Because of such factors as turbulence, back pressure and the like, such configurations have been inefficient and have produced relatively slow and nonuniform pressure buildup.
  • the exponential configuration has shown improved characteristics over the conical configuration.
  • shock wave thus produced by the rapidly expanding gaseous bubble radiates spherically within the hydraulic chamber from the point of formation between the electrodes. It has now been discovered in accordance with the present invention that this spherically radiating shock wave can be converted into a plane wave with its effective locus at the point of discharge and with the direction of propagation in the direction of the jet nozzle opening if that portion of the hydraulic chamber opposed to the jet nozzle opening has a parabolic configuration.
  • the shape of the jet nozzle has a marked effect on the buildup of pressure in the nozzle and on the momentum imparted to the liquid jet delivered by the nozzle.
  • it is necessary to build up the velocity in the converging jet nozzle both uniformly and rapidly. It has now been discovered that such unifonn and rapid velocity buildup can be achieved in a convergingjet nozzle having the shape of a cissoid of Diocles as a surface of revolution about the centerline of the nozzle in accordance with the cissoid equation:
  • r is the internal radius of the nozzle along the length l l is the length along the nozzle 2a is the entrance radius of the nozzle
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of an electrohydraulic jet apparatus according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of an electrohydraulic jet apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph of the velocity buildup in a jet nozzle ex pressed as a function of nozzle length
  • FIG. 4 is a graph of the energy content of liquid in a jet nozzle expressed as a function of nozzle length.
  • the electrohydraulic apparatus includes a hydraulic chamber 11 having a jet nozzle opening 12. Liquid is supplied to the chamber 11 under pressure from a source (not shown) through line 13 to a supply port 14 opening into the chamber 11 atany suitable location. Electrodes 15, 16 are positioned within the chamber 11.
  • the hydraulic chamber 11 includes a parabolic portion 17. The electrodes 15, 16 are so arranged within the chamber 11 that the discharge channel 18 between the electrodes 15, 16 coincides with the focus of the parabolic portion 17 of the hydraulic chamber 11.
  • the hydraulic chamber 11 has a second portion 19 which is the nozzle portion and terminates in the jet nozzle opening 12.
  • the nozzle portion 19 has the configuration of a cissoid of Diocles.
  • the electrodes 15, 16 are insulated from the hydraulic chamber 11 by insulating means 20 and preferably are provided with sleeves 21, 22.
  • the sleeves 21, 22 are insulated from the electrodes 15, 16 and the hydraulic chamber 11 by the insulating means 20.
  • the jet nozzle opening 12 is selectively closed by means of a valve or shutter 23.
  • the valve or shutter can be dispensed with and the chamber 11 filled with water on a continuing basis which develops an aiming or directive stream out the nozzle when not electrically energized and a pulsed stream when energized.
  • a spring-loaded, unidirectional ball valve placed in line 13 permits water to enter chamber 11 in one direction but not in the reverse direction when electrodes l5, 16 are energized.
  • the electrodes 15, 16 are connected through switch means 24 to a source of electrical energy. This is represented in a capacitance 25 charged by a high-voltage source (not shown) but can be any suitable source such as an induction coil, transformer or the like.
  • the shutter 23 is connected through sensor means 26 to the switch means 24 to cause the shutter 23 to open the nozzle opening 12 in timed relationship to the discharge of electrical energy.
  • the switch means 24 is actuated, the electrical energy in the capacitance 25 is discharged across the discharge channel 18 between the electrodes l5, 16.
  • the hydraulic chamber 1 1 is filled with liquid at the time of discharge. A gaseous bubble will be formed in the liquid in the discharge channel 12.
  • the high temperature and pressure developed in the channel 18 by the discharge of electrical energy therein will cause the bubble to expand at a rapid rate creating a spherical shock wave radiating outward from the point of discharge.
  • the point of discharge 18 is at the focus of the parabolic portion 17 of the hydraulic chamber 11 and on a line with the jet nozzle opening 12.
  • the spherical shock wave radiating in the direction of the parabolic portion 17 of the chamber will be reflected back to the focus 18 of that portion of the chamber being thereby converted into a plane shock wave which has its direction of propagation in the direction of the jet nozzle opening 12.
  • the effective locus of this shock wave is the point of discharge 18. This will reinforce the effect of the remainder of the shock wave.
  • This reinforced shock wave drives the liquid in the nozzle portion 19 of the hydraulic chamber 11 in the direction of the jet nozzle opening 12. Since the configuration of the nozzle portion 19 of the hydraulic chamber 11 is that of a cissoid of Diocles, the pressure buildup within the nozzle portion 19 will be rapid and uniform. The liquid will exit from the nozzle opening 12 with a high momentum.
  • a freely accelerating piston 30 is employed to compress the liquid in the hydraulic chamber 11 prior to the discharge of the capacitance 25 between the electrodes l5, 16.
  • the liquid is supplied to the piston cylinder 31 through suitable means such as a port 32.
  • the piston 30 is driven at a high rate of speed through the cylinder 31 by external power means (not shown).
  • the piston picks up the liquid supplied by the port 32 and accelerates this liquid during delivery to the hydraulic chamber 11.
  • the liquid thus enters the hydraulic chamber 1 1 at a high rate of speed and with considerable force. It fillsthe reaction chamber and at the instant that the chamber 11 is filled, and piston 30 is attop dead center position, switch means 24 causes a discharge of the electrical energy in the discharge channel 18.
  • the face 33 of the piston 30 is designed to conform to and form a continuation with the parabolic portion 17 of the hydraulic chamber 11.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show graphically the improved result obtained by the cissoid nozzle configuration 19 of the present invention.
  • the cissoid of Diocles nozzle configuration 19 is compared with an exponential configuration 29 and a conical configuration 39. All other factors except configuration were the same.
  • the nozzle length in each instance was 1 inch, the:
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the superior uniform and rapid velocity buildup accomplished with the cissoid nozzle configuration.
  • Velocity developed at 60 percent of nozzle length by the cissoid nozzle is 6 times that of the conical nozzle 39, and 1.8 times that of the exponential nozzle 99.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the superior property of the cissoid nozzle configuration 19 of the present invention as compared with an exponential nozzle configuration 29 and a conical configuration 39. Again all factors except nozzle configuration were the same. Energy content of the liquid rises more rapidly with the cissoid nozzle configuration and is higher at any given point along the nozzle length for the cissoid configuration 19 over the exponential configuration 29 and the conical configuration 39. It can thus be seen that the cissoid configuration is much more efiicient than the exponential or conical configuration in generating the requisite high-pressure liquid jets.
  • shock wave utilized to impart momentum to the water jet can be produced by any suitable mechanical, electrical, chemical or hydraulic means, or any combination thereof capable of producing such a shock wave in a relatively incompressible liquid confined in a hydraulic chamber with the configuration or configurations disclosed herein.
  • suitable mechanical, electrical, chemical or hydraulic means or any combination thereof capable of producing such a shock wave in a relatively incompressible liquid confined in a hydraulic chamber with the configuration or configurations disclosed herein.
  • a hydraulic chamber for obtaining high pulse dynamic liquid pressure jets from a shock wave generated in a substantially incompressible liquid contained therein for discharge through a nozzle forming a part thereof, the improvement wherein the effective configuration of said chamber at the instant of production of the shock wave is that of a parabolic cissoid.
  • a jet nozzle for the production of hydraulic liquid jets having an internal configuration corresponding to a surface of revolution about the centerline of said nozzle of a cissoid of Diocles.
  • a hydraulic chamber for the production of high-pressure liquid jets powered by a shock wave generated at a point therein by the discharge of electrical energy in an incompressible liquid confined in said chamber wherein the chamber has a first portion having a parabolic configuration and a second portion having a nozzle opening therein and a configuration conforming to a surface .of revolution of a cissoid about the centerline of said opening, the point of generation of the shock wave being the focus of the parabolic configuration of said first portion and adjacent the intersection of said first and second portions and on the centerline of the nozzle opening of said second portion.
US82320A 1970-10-20 1970-10-20 Hydraulic chamber incorporating a jet nozzle Expired - Lifetime US3647137A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US8232070A 1970-10-20 1970-10-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3647137A true US3647137A (en) 1972-03-07

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US (1) US3647137A (xx)
AT (1) AT308031B (xx)
AU (1) AU3468871A (xx)
BE (1) BE774218A (xx)
CA (1) CA939014A (xx)
CH (1) CH550027A (xx)
DE (1) DE2152005A1 (xx)
ES (1) ES396188A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2111567A5 (xx)
GB (1) GB1348510A (xx)
NL (1) NL7114382A (xx)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USB380014I5 (xx) * 1972-07-19 1975-01-28
US3898800A (en) * 1973-05-08 1975-08-12 Peter R Payne Heat engine in the form of a water pulse-jet
US4004737A (en) * 1975-08-05 1977-01-25 Environment/One Corporation Continuous high velocity fluid jet system
DE3343555A1 (de) * 1982-12-06 1984-06-07 Dravo Corp., 15222 Pittsburgh, Pa. Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beschleunigung von fluessigkeitsmengen
US4762277A (en) * 1982-12-06 1988-08-09 Briggs Technology Inc. Apparatus for accelerating slugs of liquid
US4863101A (en) * 1982-12-06 1989-09-05 Acb Technology Corporation Accelerating slugs of liquid
US5232384A (en) * 1989-11-27 1993-08-03 Alexandr Klimovitsky Motion drive of marine underwater/abovewater ship
WO1997025152A1 (en) * 1996-01-04 1997-07-17 Hewlett-Packard Company Molten solder drop ejector
US5876615A (en) * 1997-01-02 1999-03-02 Hewlett-Packard Company Molten solder drop ejector
US20050258562A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Lubricated flow fiber extrusion
WO2006084516A1 (de) * 2005-02-09 2006-08-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh VORRICHTUNG UND VERFAHREN ZUR FÖRDERUNG VON FLUIDEN MITTELS STOßWELLEN
US20110147476A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-23 Lockheed Martin Corporation Synthetic Jet Actuator System and Related Methods
WO2011037546A3 (en) * 2009-09-24 2011-11-17 Kocis Ivan Method of disintegrating materials and device for performing the method
US20160207052A1 (en) * 2015-01-21 2016-07-21 Vln Advanced Technologies Inc. Electrodischarge apparatus for generating low-frequency powerful pulsed and cavitating waterjets
US20170159847A1 (en) * 2015-12-06 2017-06-08 Purdue Research Foundation Microelectronic thermal valve
US9739574B1 (en) 2016-02-24 2017-08-22 Vln Advanced Technologies Inc. Electro-discharge system for neutralizing landmines
US20170355007A1 (en) * 2014-12-29 2017-12-14 Adm28 S.Àr.L Electrohydraulic forming apparatus
CN111101868A (zh) * 2019-11-14 2020-05-05 中国石油大学(北京) 射流pdc钻头
US11364516B2 (en) * 2018-01-30 2022-06-21 Ford Motor Company Ultrasonic atomizer with acoustic focusing device
US20220274127A1 (en) * 2018-01-30 2022-09-01 Ford Motor Company Ultrasonic atomizer with acoustic focusing device

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9219818D0 (en) * 1992-09-18 1992-10-28 Explosive Dev Ltd Improvements in or relating to target deforming means
RU2156891C1 (ru) * 1999-04-06 2000-09-27 Козлов Георгий Леонидович Электроимпульсный насос-форсунка
DE102017119610A1 (de) 2017-08-26 2019-03-21 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung einer Folge von Strahlabschnitten eines diskontinuierlichen, modifizierten Flüssigkeitsstrahls
DE102018008672B4 (de) * 2018-11-05 2021-02-11 Max Simmel Maschinenbau GmbH Werkzeugkonzept und Verfahren zum partiellen und inkrementellen Umformen durch Elektrohydroumformung

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3013384A (en) * 1955-07-15 1961-12-19 Jr Bonnie Smith Jet atomic system
US3141296A (en) * 1960-12-28 1964-07-21 Jr Frank Jacobs Electric discharge devices
US3325858A (en) * 1964-10-02 1967-06-20 Gen Dynamics Corp Sonic apparatus
US3350885A (en) * 1966-03-08 1967-11-07 Gen Electric Fluid metal vaporizer
US3426545A (en) * 1966-10-21 1969-02-11 Clayton T Lloyd Generation of gas at high pressures
US3447322A (en) * 1966-10-25 1969-06-03 Trw Inc Pulsed ablating thruster apparatus
US3452565A (en) * 1964-11-23 1969-07-01 Rohr Corp Electric discharge machine and method of metal forming
US3521820A (en) * 1967-01-31 1970-07-28 Exotech Hydraulic pulsed jet device

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3013384A (en) * 1955-07-15 1961-12-19 Jr Bonnie Smith Jet atomic system
US3141296A (en) * 1960-12-28 1964-07-21 Jr Frank Jacobs Electric discharge devices
US3325858A (en) * 1964-10-02 1967-06-20 Gen Dynamics Corp Sonic apparatus
US3452565A (en) * 1964-11-23 1969-07-01 Rohr Corp Electric discharge machine and method of metal forming
US3350885A (en) * 1966-03-08 1967-11-07 Gen Electric Fluid metal vaporizer
US3426545A (en) * 1966-10-21 1969-02-11 Clayton T Lloyd Generation of gas at high pressures
US3447322A (en) * 1966-10-25 1969-06-03 Trw Inc Pulsed ablating thruster apparatus
US3521820A (en) * 1967-01-31 1970-07-28 Exotech Hydraulic pulsed jet device

Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USB380014I5 (xx) * 1972-07-19 1975-01-28
US3921915A (en) * 1972-07-19 1975-11-25 Cerac Inst Sa Nozzle means producing a high-speed liquid jet
US3898800A (en) * 1973-05-08 1975-08-12 Peter R Payne Heat engine in the form of a water pulse-jet
US4004737A (en) * 1975-08-05 1977-01-25 Environment/One Corporation Continuous high velocity fluid jet system
DE3343555A1 (de) * 1982-12-06 1984-06-07 Dravo Corp., 15222 Pittsburgh, Pa. Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beschleunigung von fluessigkeitsmengen
US4762277A (en) * 1982-12-06 1988-08-09 Briggs Technology Inc. Apparatus for accelerating slugs of liquid
US4863101A (en) * 1982-12-06 1989-09-05 Acb Technology Corporation Accelerating slugs of liquid
US5232384A (en) * 1989-11-27 1993-08-03 Alexandr Klimovitsky Motion drive of marine underwater/abovewater ship
WO1997025152A1 (en) * 1996-01-04 1997-07-17 Hewlett-Packard Company Molten solder drop ejector
US5876615A (en) * 1997-01-02 1999-03-02 Hewlett-Packard Company Molten solder drop ejector
US20050258562A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Lubricated flow fiber extrusion
US20070154708A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2007-07-05 Wilson Bruce B Melt extruded fibers and methods of making the same
US7476352B2 (en) 2004-05-21 2009-01-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Lubricated flow fiber extrusion
US8481157B2 (en) 2004-05-21 2013-07-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Melt extruded fibers and methods of making the same
WO2006084516A1 (de) * 2005-02-09 2006-08-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh VORRICHTUNG UND VERFAHREN ZUR FÖRDERUNG VON FLUIDEN MITTELS STOßWELLEN
WO2011037546A3 (en) * 2009-09-24 2011-11-17 Kocis Ivan Method of disintegrating materials and device for performing the method
US20110147476A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-23 Lockheed Martin Corporation Synthetic Jet Actuator System and Related Methods
US8348200B2 (en) 2009-12-23 2013-01-08 Lockheed Martin Corporation Synthetic jet actuator system and related methods
US20170355007A1 (en) * 2014-12-29 2017-12-14 Adm28 S.Àr.L Electrohydraulic forming apparatus
US20160250650A1 (en) * 2015-01-21 2016-09-01 Vln Advanced Technologies Inc. Electrodischarge apparatus
AU2015202626B2 (en) * 2015-01-21 2017-05-04 Vln Advanced Technologies Inc. Electrodischarge apparatus for generating low-frequency powerful pulsed and cavitating waterjets
EP3047913A1 (en) * 2015-01-21 2016-07-27 VLN Advanced Technologies Inc. Electrodischarge apparatus for generating low-frequency powerful pulsed and cavitating waterjets
US9770724B2 (en) * 2015-01-21 2017-09-26 Vln Advanced Technologies Inc. Electrodischarge apparatus
US20170274394A1 (en) * 2015-01-21 2017-09-28 Vln Advanced Technologies Inc. Electrodischarge apparatus
US20160207052A1 (en) * 2015-01-21 2016-07-21 Vln Advanced Technologies Inc. Electrodischarge apparatus for generating low-frequency powerful pulsed and cavitating waterjets
US11179732B2 (en) * 2015-01-21 2021-11-23 Vln Advanced Technologies Inc. Electrodischarge apparatus
US10226776B2 (en) * 2015-01-21 2019-03-12 Vln Advanced Technologies Inc. Electrodischarge apparatus for generating low-frequency powerful pulsed and cavitating waterjets
US10995879B2 (en) * 2015-12-06 2021-05-04 Purdue Research Foundation Microelectronic thermal valve
US20170159847A1 (en) * 2015-12-06 2017-06-08 Purdue Research Foundation Microelectronic thermal valve
US11867319B2 (en) 2015-12-06 2024-01-09 Purdue Research Foundation Microelectronic thermal valve
US9739574B1 (en) 2016-02-24 2017-08-22 Vln Advanced Technologies Inc. Electro-discharge system for neutralizing landmines
US10024635B2 (en) 2016-02-24 2018-07-17 Vln Advanced Technologies Inc. Electro-discharge system for neutralizing landmines
US9829283B2 (en) 2016-02-24 2017-11-28 Vln Advanced Technologies Inc. Electro-discharge system for neutralizing landmines
US11364516B2 (en) * 2018-01-30 2022-06-21 Ford Motor Company Ultrasonic atomizer with acoustic focusing device
US20220274127A1 (en) * 2018-01-30 2022-09-01 Ford Motor Company Ultrasonic atomizer with acoustic focusing device
US11878318B2 (en) * 2018-01-30 2024-01-23 Ford Motor Company Ultrasonic atomizer with acoustic focusing device
CN111101868B (zh) * 2019-11-14 2021-04-06 中国石油大学(北京) 射流pdc钻头
CN111101868A (zh) * 2019-11-14 2020-05-05 中国石油大学(北京) 射流pdc钻头

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2152005A1 (de) 1972-04-27
CA939014A (en) 1973-12-25
BE774218A (nl) 1972-02-14
CH550027A (de) 1974-06-14
GB1348510A (en) 1974-03-20
AU3468871A (en) 1973-05-03
AT308031B (de) 1973-06-25
FR2111567A5 (xx) 1972-06-02
NL7114382A (xx) 1972-04-24
ES396188A1 (es) 1975-01-01

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