US3646292A - High-voltage electric circuit breaker with high-speed tripping means - Google Patents

High-voltage electric circuit breaker with high-speed tripping means Download PDF

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Publication number
US3646292A
US3646292A US36288A US3646292DA US3646292A US 3646292 A US3646292 A US 3646292A US 36288 A US36288 A US 36288A US 3646292D A US3646292D A US 3646292DA US 3646292 A US3646292 A US 3646292A
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Prior art keywords
piston
control device
circuit breaker
end wall
cylinder
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Expired - Lifetime
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US36288A
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English (en)
Inventor
Philip Barkan
Joseph W Porter
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/30—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor
    • H01H3/3031—Means for locking the spring in a charged state
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H33/30—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using fluid actuator
    • H01H33/32—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using fluid actuator pneumatic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/42—Driving mechanisms
    • H01H33/423—Driving mechanisms making use of an electromagnetic wave communication

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Discloses a high-Volta e circuit breaker com rising a control [22] Flled' May 1970 device at high potentifl operable to produce Separation of the [21] Appl. No.: 36,288 usual contacts of the breaker, an operator at ground potential for operating the control device, and a linkage mechanically connecting the operator and the control device.
  • the linkage (g l Comprises a releasable coupling at a location of substantially [58] Fieid I78 82 B F 148 R line potential that is releasable to allow the control device to be operated independently of the operator.
  • This invention relates to a high-voltage electric circuit breaker and, more particularly, to means for tripping open the circuit breaker at extra high speeds.
  • an interrupting assembly comprising separable contacts for connection in a high-voltage powerline and a control device operable to produce separation of said contacts.
  • the interrupting assembly including the control device, is at substantially line voltage and is electrically isolated from ground by an insulating column on which the interrupting assembly is mounted.
  • operating means at ground potential is provided and is coupled to the control device through linkage means of relatively great length extending between ground potential and line potential locations.
  • An object of out invention is to achieve high-speed circuit breaker tripping without the need for actuating the entire linkage prior to the tripping operation.
  • Another object is to provide linkage means between an operator at ground potential and a control device at high potential which includes a releasable coupling at high potential that can be released to permit circuit breaker tripping to occur at high speed without impedance from the major portion of the linkage means, which extends between high potential and ground.
  • Still another object is to provide a releasable coupling that can be incorporated into the linkage means to perform as in the first two objects without affecting the normal manner of closing the circuit breaker.
  • a releasable coupling located in the high-potential region.
  • the coupling upon release, allows the control device to be operated independently of the operator.
  • the coupling comprises a cylinder member and a piston member slidably mounted therein, one of said members being connected to the control device and the other to the operator.
  • the cylinder and piston are located in a chamber normally filled with high-pressure gas.
  • the cylinder has an end wall spaced from the piston, and the space tlierebetween is vented and sealed from the high-pressure gas in the chamber.
  • Latch means normally prevents relative movement between the cylinder end wall and the piston and is operable to effect coupling-release. Such release allows the high-pressure gas in the chamber to drive the cylinder end wall and the piston relatively toward each other, thereby producing a contactseparating operation of said control device.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a high-voltage circuit breaker embodying one form of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the operating linkage present in the circuit breaker in FIG. 1.
  • the circuit breaker is shown in its normal closed position.
  • FIG. 2a is a diagrammatic showing of a control used for the system of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the operating linkage of FIG. 2 in a position through which it passes during a tripping operation.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the operating linkage of FIG. 2 in the fully open position of the circuit breaker.
  • FIG. 5 is a detailed showing of a portion of a slightly modified form of latch means for use in the linkage of FIG. 1-4.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view along the line 6-6 of FIG. 5.
  • the circuit breaker shown therein comprises a metal tank 12 at high potential and a pair of conventional terminal bushings l3 and 14 projecting into the tank at its opposite ends.
  • Each of these bushings comprises a conductive stud (not shown) extending axially thereof along its central longitudinal axis and connected at its outer end to the high-voltage circuit 15 in which the circuit breaker is connected.
  • the tank 12 is filled with a high-pressure fluid, such as compressed air, which is used for circuit-interrupting purposes.
  • an interrupting assembly 16 within the tank 12 is an interrupting assembly 16 that comprises a pair of separable contacts schematically shown at 17 and 18.
  • Contact 18 is a movable contact that conductively bridges the space between the two stationary contacts 17. When the circuit breaker is closed, bridging contact 18 is in engagement with stationary contacts 17, thus permitting current to flow through the circuit 15 via contacts 17 and 18. Circuit interruption is effected by driving movable contact 18 downwardly to separate the contacts. This establishes an are between each pair of contacts, and this arc is extinguished in a well-known manner by the flow of pressurized gas from within the tank 12.
  • the interrupting assembly 16 as schematically shown in FIG. 2, comprises a fluid motor 20 comprising a cylinder 21 and a piston 22 reciprocably mounted within cylinder 21. Piston 22 is mechanically coupled to bridging contact 18 through a piston rod 24. A compression spring 25 biases piston 22 in an upward direction normally to hold bridging contact 18 in engagement with stationary contacts 17. The space beneath piston 22 is vented to atmosphere through a vent line 23.
  • valve 27 When pressurized gas is supplied to cylinder space 26 above piston 22, an opening force is developed which drives piston 22 downwardly to separate contact 18 from contacts 17.
  • a control valve 27 is provided in an inlet line 28.
  • This valve 27 is a conventional three-way valve that normally vents space 26 to atmosphere through a vent 29, but when valve 27 is operated, it closes off the vent 29 to atmosphere and connects the pressurized space within tank 22 to cylinder space 26. This allows pressurized gas to flow into space 26 to drive piston 22 downwardly through an opening stroke.
  • a valve and fluid motor corresponding to those shown at 27 and 20
  • the valve 27 and fluid motor 20 are occasionally referred to herein as a control device for the separable contacts.
  • the interrupter tank 12 is mounted atop a hollow insulating column 30 which electrically isolates the tank from ground.
  • a fluid pressure operator 32 is provided at the bottom of insulating column 30 and is mechanically connected to the control valve through linkage means 35, as schematically shown in FIG. 2.
  • This linkage means 35 comprises a long operating rod 36 that extends through the hollow insulating column 20 between its opposite ends.
  • the operator 32 is at ground potential and the control device 27 is at substantially line potential.
  • the operating rod 36 is of suitable insulating material.
  • the operator 32 is located within a grounded casing 33 (FIG. 1) at the bottom of insulating column 30.
  • Operator 32 comprises a cylinder 40 and a piston 41 slidably mounted therein.
  • the cylinder space to the left of piston 41 is normally vented to atmosphere. Opening of a circuit breaker can be effected by driving piston 41 to the left from its position of FIG. 2. This is done by supplying pressurized fluid to the space 43 at the right of piston 41.
  • a threeway control valve 45 controls the pressure in space 43, normallyventing the space to atmosphere. When, however, valve 45 is operated, it moves into its position of FIG. 3 to connect the high-pressure air supply line 47 with cylinder line 48, thereby supplying pressurized fluid to the cylinder space 43. This drives piston 41 to the left through a normal opening stroke...
  • Control valve 45 comprises a movable valve element 49 that is biased by a tension spring 49a into its venting position of FIG. 2.
  • the movable valve element 49 is operable by a solenoid 50, which upon energization drives the valve element 49 clockwise into the position of FIG. 3 to interconnect highpressure line 47 and line 48.
  • the solenoid 50 has its coil connected across a pair of supply terminals 52 and 53 and in series with a normally open switch 55. When switch 55 is operated to closed position, in a manner soon to be described, it completes an energizing circuit between terminals 52 and 53 to operate the solenoid and valve element 49 into their position of FIG. 3.
  • a suitable latch 57 referred to herein as the closing control latch, holds the solenoid and movable valve element 49 in their position of FIG. 3 until intentionally released for a subsequent closing operation, as will soon be described.
  • a normally open trip-initiating switch 58 which may be controlled either manually or in response to predetermined conditions, shunts the switch 55 and can be closed, instead of switch 55, to complete the energizing circuit for solenoid 50.
  • Closing-control latch 57 which holds the solenoid 50in its operated position,.is biased toward a latching position by spring 570 but can move into its latching position only when the solenoid 50 is operated.
  • Closing-control latch 57 is releasable by a suitable closing-control solenoid 59 having its coil connected in a closing-control circuit 59a. Referring to FIG. 4, when closing-control circuit 59a is closed, it operates solenoid 59 to release latch 57, thus allowing the control valve 45 to return to its venting position. This produces a closing of the circuit breaker, as will soon be described.
  • this linkage means further comprises two horizontal rods 60 and 61 joined together by a lost motion coupling 62.
  • Rod 60 is mechanically connected at its left-hand end to piston 41 and at its right-hand end to a cylindrical cage 63 forming a part of the lost motion coupling 62.
  • a piston 64 that can move horizontally with limited lost motion in the cage.
  • a compression spring 65 biases piston 64 to the left, normally holding it against left-hand end wall 67, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • piston 41 of operator 32 When piston 41 of operator 32 is driven to the left from its position of FIG. 1, it drives cage 63 to the left, compressing spring 65 and transmitting force through the spring to piston 64, thereby driving rod 61 to the left.
  • crank 70 For converting horizontal movement of rod 61 into vertical movement of insulating rod 36, a crank 70 is provided.
  • Crank 70 is pivotally mounted on a stationary pivot 71 and has one arm pivotally connected at 72 to horizontal rod 61 and its other arm pivotally connected at 74 to vertical rod 36.
  • RELEASABLE COUPLING 75 The upper end of operating rod 36 is connected through a releasable coupling 75 to a rod 76 that is connected to control valve 27.
  • Releasable coupling 75 comprises a cylinder 80 having an end wall 81 at its lower end that is connected to operating rod 36.
  • Slidably mounted within cylinder 80 is a piston 83 that is connected to valve actuating rod 76.
  • a releasable latch 85 normally locks the cylinder 80 and piston 83 together.
  • the latch 85 comprises a movable latching member 86 that is slidably mounted for horizontal motion in a housing 87 that is secured to cylinder 80.
  • the latching member 86 has a disc 116 fixed thereto at its outer end.
  • a compression spring 110 acting against a shoulder 112 on latching member 86 biases latching member 86 to the left into a notch 113 in the outer periphery of piston 83.
  • a coil 114 mounted on housing 87 is used for developing a latch-releasing force. When energized, coil 114 develops a repulsive force on disc 116 that drives the disc and latching member 86 to the right to release the latch.
  • the latch means which comprises latch 85 further comprises a stop 89 fixed to the cylinder 80 in a position within its bore immediately adjacent the upper surface of piston 83 so as toprevent upward movement of piston 83 relative to cylinder 80 past the position shown in FIG 2.
  • stop 89 will soon appear more clearly.
  • the releasable coupling 75 is located within a small chamber 88 that is normally filled with pressurized gas derived from tank 12.
  • the walls of chamber 88 are defined by a cylindrical metal housing 90 located atop insulating column 30 and secured to the bottom of interrupter tank 12.
  • chamber 88 freely communicates with the interior of tank 12.
  • a tubular guide 92 fixed to housing 90, is provided.
  • This guide 92 has a bore which slidably receives cylinder 80.
  • the bore has an enlarged portion 94 that is freely vented to atmosphere through a passage 95.
  • a port in the cylinder 80 always communicates with vented portion 94, thus maintaining the cylinder space 96 between piston 83 and end wall 81 vented to atmosphere.
  • the space beneath end wall 81 is always in communication with the high-pressure gas in chamber 88 by reason of passages 97 in guide 92.
  • the space above piston 83 is always in communication with the high-pressure gas in chamber 88.
  • the vented cylinder space 96 is sealed from the high-pressure gas in chamber 88 by means of O-ring seals 98 and 99 between the relatively movable parts'of the coupling.
  • latch 85 When latch 85 is set, as shown in FIG. 2, the downward forces on cylinder 81 are balanced by the upward forces on piston 83, and a condition of stable equilibrium exists. As will soon be described under High-Speed Tripping," this equilibrium condition is upset when the latch 85 is released, resulting in the simultaneous application of a downward accelerating force to piston 83 and an upward accelerating force to cylinder wall 81.
  • a compression spring 100 within tank 12 acts against a shoulder 102 on the valve-actuating rod 76. This spring biases rod 76 upwardly into its elevated position of FIG. 2.
  • HIGH SPEED TRIPPING A high-speed tripping operation is effected by releasing the latch 85 in a manner soon to be described, thus uncoupling piston 83 from cylinder 80. This allows the high-pressure gas acting on the top surface of piston 83 to rapidly drive the piston downwardly against the bias of spring 100 into the position of FIG. 3, thereby opening the control valve 27 to cause motor 20 to separate the contacts 17, 18, as shown in FIG. 3. A suitable dashpot (not shown) cooperating with rod 76 terminates this downward motion of piston 83 when the piston reaches its position of FIG. 3.
  • the energy for tripping latch 85 is preferably derived from a suitably charged capacitor 120 located in the high-potential region of the circuit breaker. Across the terminals of this capacitor, the coil 114 is connected in series with a normal-off switching device such as a light-activated SCR 117. When the switching device 117 is turned on, the capacitor 120 discharges through the solenoid coil 114 to release the latch 85.
  • a normal-off switching device such as a light-activated SCR 117.
  • a light pipe 124 For supplying a light signal to the light-activated SCR 117 in order to turn it on, a light pipe 124, preferably of fiber optics, is connected between the SCR and a normally off light source 121 at ground potential.
  • light source 121 When light source 121 is turned on, it emits a pulse of light that is transmitted through light pipe 124 to the SCR 117, abruptly turning on the SCR.
  • the capacitor 120 responds to this turn by rapidly discharging through the SCR and the solenoid coil 114 to quickly operate the solenoid.
  • the trip-initiating signal for the circuit breaker must be transmitted over the relatively great distance between ground and the high-voltage line, it is capable of traversing this distance without significant time delay since it travels at the speed of light.
  • the light source 121 is preferably a device, such as a Xenon gas lamp, capable of emitting a pulse of light with a steep rate of rise of luminous intensity so that there is no significant delay in turning on the SCR after the pulse arrives at the SCR. Since the light pipe is a long member of electrical insulating material, it is capable of easily withstanding the high line-to-ground voltage present between its ends.
  • Light source 121 is turned on by a signal derived from suitable condition-responsive means (not shown) such as protective relaying means coupled to line 15.
  • a circuit breaker closing operation is effected by venting the cylinder space 43 in the operator 32 when the mechanism is in its open position of FIG. 4. Such venting is effected by tripping closing-control latch 57 to release solenoid 50 and allow spring'49a to return control valve 45 to its venting position of FIG. 2. Closing control latch 57 is tripped by completing circuit 59a by means ofa closing control switch 59b.
  • latching means 85 as comprising a simple pin of appropriate shape cooperating with the notch 113 in the piston 83.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 a preferred form of latch is illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the latch comprises a split ring ofcircular cross section that is carried in an annular groove 134 in the piston 83.
  • This piston ring 130 is a resilient member that has a tendency to expand in diameter, but its expansion is limited by the internal wall of cylinder 80 and specifically by a conical shoulder 132 on the internal wall of cylinder 80.
  • An electric circuit breaker for a high-voltage line comprising:
  • an interrupting assembly normally at substantially line potential comprising separable contacts for connection in said line and a control device operable to produce separation of said contacts
  • said linkage means comprising a cylinder member and a piston member slidably mounted therein, one of said members being mechanically connected to said control device and the other being mechanically connected to said operating means,
  • said cylinder and piston be located in a chamber normally filled with high-pressure gas, said cylinder having an end wall spaced from said piston,
  • said cylinder end wall and piston having surfaces on which the high-pressure gas in said chamber can act to drive said end wall and said piston relatively toward each other, thereby producing a contact-separating operation of said control device
  • latch means normally preventing relative movement between said piston and said cylinder end wall, maintaining a predetermined spacing between said piston and end wall, and releasable to allow the high-pressure gas in said chamber to drive said end wall and said piston relatively toward each other, thereby producing contact-separating operation of said control device, and
  • j. means responsive to predetermined electrical conditions for releasing said latch means to allow high-speed operation of said control device before said operating means operates.
  • circuit breaker of claim 1 in combination with means effective after said relative motion of said piston and end wall toward each other for causing said operating means to operate to separate said end wall and piston and thereby reset said latch means while said contacts are in a separated position.
  • circuit breaker of claim 2 in combination with means for driving said linkage means through a closing stroke during a closing operation of said circuit breaker, said latch means remaining set during said closing stroke to maintain a fixed spacing between said piston and cylinder end wall during said closing stroke.
  • circuit breaker of claim 1 in which said cylinder and piston are located in a region of the circuit breaker that is normally at substantially line potential.
  • circuit breaker of claim 5 in combination with means effective after said relative motion of said piston and end wall toward each other for causing said operating means to operate to separate said end wall and piston and thereby reset said latch means while said contacts are in a separated position.
  • circuit breaker of claim 5 in combination with means responsive to relative motion of said end wall and piston toward each other for causing said operating means to operate to separate said end wall and piston and thereby reset said latch means while said contacts are in separated position.
  • the piston or cylinder member that is connected to said control device moves in a direction to decrease the spacing between said piston and end wall in response to tripping of said latch means
  • circuit breaker of claim 5 in combination with means for driving said linkage means through a closing stroke during a closing operation of said circuit breaker, said latch means remaining set during said closing stroke to maintain a fixed spacing between said piston and said cylinder end wall during said closing stroke.
  • An electric circuit breaker for a high-voltage line comprising:
  • an interrupting assembly normally at substantially line potential comprising separable contacts for connection in said line and a control device operable to produce separation of said contacts
  • said linkage means comprising a releasable coupling located in a region normally at substantially line potential and releasable to allow said control device to be operated independently of said operating means to produce separation of said contacts,
  • latch means normally preventing release of said coupling and operable to permit said release
  • said releasable coupling comprises a pair of relatively movable members, one connected to said control device and one connected to said operating means,
  • said latch means has a portion mounted on one of said members for movement therewith and another portion mounted on the other of said members for movement therewith for maintaining a predetermined spacing between said members when said latch means is set,
  • the means of (g') of claim 11 comprises fluid pressure means acting on the member connected to said control device for operating said control device in response to a releasing operation of said latch means, thereby decreasing the spacing between said members,

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
US36288A 1970-05-11 1970-05-11 High-voltage electric circuit breaker with high-speed tripping means Expired - Lifetime US3646292A (en)

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US3628870A 1970-05-11 1970-05-11

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JP (1) JPS466417A (fr)
DE (1) DE2122888A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2091470A5 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3761847A (en) * 1971-09-23 1973-09-25 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Drive mechanism for electrical switches
US3806679A (en) * 1973-03-15 1974-04-23 J Pahl Actuator for pole-mounted switches
US3816800A (en) * 1973-03-01 1974-06-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp Protective system for series capacitors
US3835277A (en) * 1973-09-14 1974-09-10 Gen Electric Circuit breaker operating mechanism with high-speed low-energy tripping means
US3885113A (en) * 1973-10-19 1975-05-20 Gen Electric Control for an electric circuit breaker with valve and piston operating means
US3913459A (en) * 1974-01-21 1975-10-21 Gen Electric Ring latch for releasably restraining a piston within a cylinder
US3930134A (en) * 1973-09-27 1975-12-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Pneumatic power-unit having a driving piston and an exhaust valve
US4849650A (en) * 1987-03-27 1989-07-18 Bbc Brown Boveri Aktiengesellschaft Hydraulic drive for a high-voltage switchgear
US5898151A (en) * 1997-05-07 1999-04-27 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Circuit-breaker with a disconnector
US20010048354A1 (en) * 2000-05-16 2001-12-06 Gary Douville Pressure sensitive trip mechanism for a rotary breaker
US6417473B1 (en) * 2000-07-14 2002-07-09 Eaton Corporation Method and apparatus for mounting vapor shield in vacuum interrupter and vacuum interrupter incorporating same

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2238567A (en) * 1940-01-19 1941-04-15 Gen Electric Circuit breaker
US3390239A (en) * 1965-02-23 1968-06-25 Gen Electric Electric circuit breaker with voltage-controlling resistances and means for switching the resistances in synchronism
US3457530A (en) * 1966-03-30 1969-07-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp High-speed operating mechanism for a circuit breaker

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2238567A (en) * 1940-01-19 1941-04-15 Gen Electric Circuit breaker
US3390239A (en) * 1965-02-23 1968-06-25 Gen Electric Electric circuit breaker with voltage-controlling resistances and means for switching the resistances in synchronism
US3457530A (en) * 1966-03-30 1969-07-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp High-speed operating mechanism for a circuit breaker

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3761847A (en) * 1971-09-23 1973-09-25 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Drive mechanism for electrical switches
US3816800A (en) * 1973-03-01 1974-06-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp Protective system for series capacitors
US3806679A (en) * 1973-03-15 1974-04-23 J Pahl Actuator for pole-mounted switches
US3835277A (en) * 1973-09-14 1974-09-10 Gen Electric Circuit breaker operating mechanism with high-speed low-energy tripping means
US3930134A (en) * 1973-09-27 1975-12-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Pneumatic power-unit having a driving piston and an exhaust valve
US3885113A (en) * 1973-10-19 1975-05-20 Gen Electric Control for an electric circuit breaker with valve and piston operating means
US3913459A (en) * 1974-01-21 1975-10-21 Gen Electric Ring latch for releasably restraining a piston within a cylinder
US4849650A (en) * 1987-03-27 1989-07-18 Bbc Brown Boveri Aktiengesellschaft Hydraulic drive for a high-voltage switchgear
US5898151A (en) * 1997-05-07 1999-04-27 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Circuit-breaker with a disconnector
US20010048354A1 (en) * 2000-05-16 2001-12-06 Gary Douville Pressure sensitive trip mechanism for a rotary breaker
US6373357B1 (en) * 2000-05-16 2002-04-16 General Electric Company Pressure sensitive trip mechanism for a rotary breaker
US6919785B2 (en) 2000-05-16 2005-07-19 General Electric Company Pressure sensitive trip mechanism for a rotary breaker
US6417473B1 (en) * 2000-07-14 2002-07-09 Eaton Corporation Method and apparatus for mounting vapor shield in vacuum interrupter and vacuum interrupter incorporating same

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Publication number Publication date
JPS466417A (fr) 1971-12-10
DE2122888A1 (de) 1971-11-25
FR2091470A5 (fr) 1972-01-14

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