US3645131A - Gas drilling soil sampling - Google Patents

Gas drilling soil sampling Download PDF

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US3645131A
US3645131A US39677A US3645131DA US3645131A US 3645131 A US3645131 A US 3645131A US 39677 A US39677 A US 39677A US 3645131D A US3645131D A US 3645131DA US 3645131 A US3645131 A US 3645131A
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fluid
concentration
borehole
drilling
measurements
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US39677A
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James B Turner
Harold L Wise
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
    • E21B21/07—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole for treating dust-laden gaseous fluids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/005—Testing the nature of borehole walls or the formation by using drilling mud or cutting data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G01N2030/022—Column chromatography characterised by the kind of separation mechanism
    • G01N2030/025—Gas chromatography

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  • ABSTRACT The concentration with location at which a mobile reservoir fluid is contained within subsurface earth formations is measured by gas drilling a borehole into the earth formations while circulating a gaseous drilling fluid that is initially substantially free of the mobile reservoir fluid and measuring the concentration of the reservoir fluid in the earth formations by measuring the difference in its concentration in equivalent portions of the drilling fluid that enters and leaves the borehole.
  • the invention relates to an exploration process for locating a subterranean reservoir. It is particularly useful for locating a petroleum reservoir under dry land.
  • a mobile reservoir fluid such as a light hydrocarbon or an inorganic gas, tends to escape from a reservoir and migrate up toward the surface of the earth.
  • the migrating fluid flows through permeable earth formations containing interconnected pores or fractures that are normally filled with at least one natural fluid, such as water or air.
  • the migrating mobile fluid tends to rise above and/or be dispersed in the fluid in the rock, due to effects such as gravity segregation and/or diffusion. Some of the migrating fluid is adsorbed on the surfaces of the rocks.
  • Previously proposed procedures for locating petroleum reservoirs measure the concentrations with location of the hydrocarbons that are contained in core samples, those contained in bit cuttings, those that become entrained in circulating liquid drilling fluids or muds, those that are dissolved or entrained in the fluids which flow into a borehole when the pressure within the borehole is reduced, etc.
  • concentrations at which the hydrocarbons are present in relatively shallow earth formations tend to be very small, generally less than one part per million.
  • earth formations are sampled by gas drilling boreholes into them while circulating a gaseous drilling fluid that is initially substantially free of a selected mobile reservoir fluid.
  • concentration of the mobile reservoir fluid in the earth formations around the borehole is measured by measuring the difference in its concentration in equivalent portions of the drilling fluid as the drilling fluid enters and leaves the borehole. Such measurements indicate the concentration of the mobile reservoir fluid with areal location and/or depth within the earth formations.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a system for practicing the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a multiple-port valve of the system of FIG. 1 with the ports in a different operational position.
  • FIG. 1 shows a gas drilling system comprising a rig structure 1, a drill string assembly 2, a gaseous-drilling fluid input line 3 (which is connected to a compressor or blower, not shown) a bit-cuttings separator 4, and a gas discharge sample line 5.
  • a chromatograph 6 is arranged to measure the concentration of a selected mobile reservoir fluid in the inflowing gaseous drilling fluid before it has been circulated into borehole 7.
  • a liquids and solids separator 8 is connected to receive and treat a portion of the gas being discharged from the bit-cuttings separator 4. The gas treated by separator 8 is supplied to a manifold 9.
  • Manifold 9 preferably contains a filter means, such as a micropore dust filter, (not shown) for further cleaning the gas.
  • a transfer pump 10 is connected to displace a sample stream of gas from the manifold 9 through a drying means II and into a multiport valve 12. The valve 12, in position shown, allows a sample stream of gas to flow through a sample trap loop 13 and exit through port 14.
  • the position of the ports in valve 12 can be arranged so that the fluid in trap loop 13 is displaced through chromatograph l5 and discharged through port 16.
  • the displacement of the fluid from trap loop 13 is preferably effected by allowing an inflow of clean gas from .a source 17 and outflow, ultimately through port 16, as indicated by the arrows.
  • the pressure of the fluid displaced into chromatograph 15 is preferably regulated by a throttle valve [8 arranged upstream of discharge port 16 to maintain a pressure between that of a relatively high pressure at clean air source 17 and atmospheric pressure.
  • check valve 19 is placed upstream from multiport valve I2 to restrict backflow without significantly impeding forward flow.
  • Pump 10 is preferably operated at substantially atmospheric pressure. If sample loop 13 is filled with clean gas at a higher pressure when it is connected to the outflow from check valve 19, the higher pressure is dissipated by a purge through discharge port 14 and the loop is refilled with undiluted sample gas at substantially atmospheric pressure.
  • Suitable chromatographs and chromatographic-measuring techniques are know. Examples of such devices and procedures are contained in US. Pat. Nos. 2,918,579; 3,116,133;3,296,776 and 3,455,144.
  • the gas drilling equipment used in the present invention can comprise substantially any such system which has been freed of the fluid being sampled to an extent such that only insignificant amounts are imparted to the gaseous drilling fluid that is circulated through the drilling system.
  • the ensurance of this includes a hydrocarbon-removing treatment comprising contacting all portions of the drilling system that will be contacted by a circulating drilling fluid with a nonhydrocarbon solvent, such as an alcohol, ketone, ether, ester, or the like. All of the hydrocarbon lubricants are preferably replaced with nonhydrocarbon lubricants, such as the silicone oils and greases that are commercially available from Dow Chemical Company under the trademarks DC-200 (Oil) and DC-44 (Grease).
  • the drilling fluid circulation is powered by a blower having fan blades mounted within a compartment that is isolated from the hearing.
  • the drilling fluid circulating means is preferably arranged to intake relatively clean air from a substantially contaminant-free location, such as the top of the drilling rig.
  • the drilling fluid exhaust or blooey line (not shown in the drawing) is preferably extended to a location that is both relatively remote from and downwind of the intake location.
  • the measurement of the concentration of the selected fluid (such as a hydrocarbon) in the circulating drilling fluid can be made by means of substantially any measuring device which is relatively sensitive and accurate with respect to concentrations of less than about one part per million.
  • a chromatograph comprising a combination of a chromatographic column, a flame ionization detector, and an electrometer is a preferred type of such a measuring device.
  • the sampling and analyzing of the drilling fluid before and after its circulation into the borehole can be performed by means of one or more such measuring devices. It is desirable that, at substantially each increment of depth of the borehole, at least one measurement before and after such circulation is made on the same portion (or on substantially equivalent portions) of the circulating gaseous drilling fluid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

The concentration with location at which a mobile reservoir fluid is contained within subsurface earth formations is measured by gas drilling a borehole into the earth formations while circulating a gaseous drilling fluid that is initially substantially free of the mobile reservoir fluid and measuring the concentration of the reservoir fluid in the earth formations by measuring the difference in its concentration in equivalent portions of the drilling fluid that enters and leaves the borehole.

Description

llite tes Turner et al.
* atet [54] GAS DRILLENG SOHJL SAMPLING [72] Inventors: James B. Turner, 4709 Tonawanda; Harold 1... Wise, 4522 Hummingbird, both of Houston, Tex. 77035 [22] Filed: May 20, 1970 [21] Appl.N0.: 39,677
[52] US. Cl ..73/153 [51] llnt. Cl ..E2lb 49/00 [58] Field ofSearch ..73/153, 152
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,214,674 9/1 940 Hayward ..73/1 53 Feb. 29, 1972 2,740,292 4/1956 Sewell ..73/153 3,031,571 4/1962 Fearon.... .....73/153X 3,514,996 6/1970 Coustau ..73/l53 Primary ExaminerJerry W. Myracle Attorney-Harold W. Coryell and J. H. McCarthy [57] ABSTRACT The concentration with location at which a mobile reservoir fluid is contained within subsurface earth formations is measured by gas drilling a borehole into the earth formations while circulating a gaseous drilling fluid that is initially substantially free of the mobile reservoir fluid and measuring the concentration of the reservoir fluid in the earth formations by measuring the difference in its concentration in equivalent portions of the drilling fluid that enters and leaves the borehole.
9 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures United States Patent I [151 3,645,131 Turner et a1. 5] Feb. 29, 11972 [54] GAS DRILLING SOIL SAMPLING 2,740,292 4/1956 Sewell ..73/153 [72] Inventors: James B. Turner, 4709 Tonawanda; 303157l 4/1962 Feamnm X 3,514,996 6/1970 Coustau ..73/l53 Harold L. Wise, 4522 Hummingbird, both of Houston 77035 Primary Examiner-Jerry W. Myracle 22 Filed; May 20 1970 Attorney-Harold W. Coryell and J. H. McCarthy 1 1 pp 39,677 [57] ABSTRACT The concentration with location at which a mobile reservoir [52] US. Cl ..73/l53 fluid is contained within subsurface earth formations is mea- [5 1] Int. Cl ,E21b 49/00 sured by gas drilling a borehole into the earth formations while 58 Field of Search ..73/153, 152 circulating a gaseous drilling fluid that is initially Substantially free of the mobile reservoir fluid and measuring the concen- [56] References Cited tration of the reservoir fluid in the earth formations by measuring the difference in its concentration in equivalent por- UNITED STATES PATENTS tions of the drilling fluid that enters and leaves the borehole 2,214,674 9/ 1940 Hayward ..73/153 9 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures PATENTEDFEB29 1912 3.645.131
INVENTORS.
J. B. TURNER H. L. WISE GAS DRILLING SOIL SAMPLING BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to an exploration process for locating a subterranean reservoir. It is particularly useful for locating a petroleum reservoir under dry land.
A mobile reservoir fluid, such as a light hydrocarbon or an inorganic gas, tends to escape from a reservoir and migrate up toward the surface of the earth. The migrating fluid flows through permeable earth formations containing interconnected pores or fractures that are normally filled with at least one natural fluid, such as water or air. The migrating mobile fluid tends to rise above and/or be dispersed in the fluid in the rock, due to effects such as gravity segregation and/or diffusion. Some of the migrating fluid is adsorbed on the surfaces of the rocks.
Previously proposed procedures for locating petroleum reservoirs measure the concentrations with location of the hydrocarbons that are contained in core samples, those contained in bit cuttings, those that become entrained in circulating liquid drilling fluids or muds, those that are dissolved or entrained in the fluids which flow into a borehole when the pressure within the borehole is reduced, etc. The concentrations at which the hydrocarbons are present in relatively shallow earth formations tend to be very small, generally less than one part per million. Because of this, such previously proposed geochemical exploration procedures have tended to require costly operations, such as the careful collecting and preserving and analyzing of whole samples of the earth forma tions; or have tended to provide measurements that are difficult to correlate with respect to each other or with respect to other information, such as seismic information, relating to the region being explored.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the present invention, earth formations are sampled by gas drilling boreholes into them while circulating a gaseous drilling fluid that is initially substantially free of a selected mobile reservoir fluid. The concentration of the mobile reservoir fluid in the earth formations around the borehole is measured by measuring the difference in its concentration in equivalent portions of the drilling fluid as the drilling fluid enters and leaves the borehole. Such measurements indicate the concentration of the mobile reservoir fluid with areal location and/or depth within the earth formations.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a system for practicing the invention.
FIG. 2 shows a multiple-port valve of the system of FIG. 1 with the ports in a different operational position.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION FIG. 1 shows a gas drilling system comprising a rig structure 1, a drill string assembly 2, a gaseous-drilling fluid input line 3 (which is connected to a compressor or blower, not shown) a bit-cuttings separator 4, and a gas discharge sample line 5. A chromatograph 6 is arranged to measure the concentration of a selected mobile reservoir fluid in the inflowing gaseous drilling fluid before it has been circulated into borehole 7. A liquids and solids separator 8 is connected to receive and treat a portion of the gas being discharged from the bit-cuttings separator 4. The gas treated by separator 8 is supplied to a manifold 9. Manifold 9 preferably contains a filter means, such as a micropore dust filter, (not shown) for further cleaning the gas. A transfer pump 10 is connected to displace a sample stream of gas from the manifold 9 through a drying means II and into a multiport valve 12. The valve 12, in position shown, allows a sample stream of gas to flow through a sample trap loop 13 and exit through port 14.
As shown in FIG. 2, the position of the ports in valve 12 can be arranged so that the fluid in trap loop 13 is displaced through chromatograph l5 and discharged through port 16. The displacement of the fluid from trap loop 13 is preferably effected by allowing an inflow of clean gas from .a source 17 and outflow, ultimately through port 16, as indicated by the arrows. The pressure of the fluid displaced into chromatograph 15 is preferably regulated by a throttle valve [8 arranged upstream of discharge port 16 to maintain a pressure between that of a relatively high pressure at clean air source 17 and atmospheric pressure.
In a preferred arrangement, check valve 19 is placed upstream from multiport valve I2 to restrict backflow without significantly impeding forward flow. Pump 10 is preferably operated at substantially atmospheric pressure. If sample loop 13 is filled with clean gas at a higher pressure when it is connected to the outflow from check valve 19, the higher pressure is dissipated by a purge through discharge port 14 and the loop is refilled with undiluted sample gas at substantially atmospheric pressure.
Suitable chromatographs and chromatographic-measuring techniques are know. Examples of such devices and procedures are contained in US. Pat. Nos. 2,918,579; 3,116,133;3,296,776 and 3,455,144.
In general, the gas drilling equipment used in the present invention can comprise substantially any such system which has been freed of the fluid being sampled to an extent such that only insignificant amounts are imparted to the gaseous drilling fluid that is circulated through the drilling system. In a preferred procedure the ensurance of this includes a hydrocarbon-removing treatment comprising contacting all portions of the drilling system that will be contacted by a circulating drilling fluid with a nonhydrocarbon solvent, such as an alcohol, ketone, ether, ester, or the like. All of the hydrocarbon lubricants are preferably replaced with nonhydrocarbon lubricants, such as the silicone oils and greases that are commercially available from Dow Chemical Company under the trademarks DC-200 (Oil) and DC-44 (Grease). In a preferred arrangement, the drilling fluid circulation is powered by a blower having fan blades mounted within a compartment that is isolated from the hearing. The drilling fluid circulating means is preferably arranged to intake relatively clean air from a substantially contaminant-free location, such as the top of the drilling rig. The drilling fluid exhaust or blooey line" (not shown in the drawing) is preferably extended to a location that is both relatively remote from and downwind of the intake location.
In practicing this invention the measurement of the concentration of the selected fluid (such as a hydrocarbon) in the circulating drilling fluid, can be made by means of substantially any measuring device which is relatively sensitive and accurate with respect to concentrations of less than about one part per million. A chromatograph comprising a combination of a chromatographic column, a flame ionization detector, and an electrometer is a preferred type of such a measuring device. The sampling and analyzing of the drilling fluid before and after its circulation into the borehole can be performed by means of one or more such measuring devices. It is desirable that, at substantially each increment of depth of the borehole, at least one measurement before and after such circulation is made on the same portion (or on substantially equivalent portions) of the circulating gaseous drilling fluid. In the system shown in the drawing, for a given rate of drilling fluid circulation, a portion of an inflowing gas on which a measurement is made as the gas enters the drill string assembly 2 (by means of chromatograph 6) will, after a determinable length of time, become the gas that is filling the trap loop 13 of valve 12. The gas in the trap loop is isolated for measurement (by means of chromatograph l5) by changing the post arrangement of valve 12.
In field operations utilizing chromatographic measurements, it has been found that samples of about It) cc. in volume are adequate, and such measurements can readily be repeated as often as every 15 seconds. At a typical drilling rate of about 6 feet per minute such a sampling rate provides a

Claims (9)

1. In a process for mapping the concentration with location of a mobile reservoir fluid inclusive of at least one hydrocarbon in subsurface earth formations, the improvement which comprises: gas drilling a borehole into the subsurface earth formations while circulating gaseous drilling fluid that is substantially free of hydrocarbon; measuring the concentration of at least one hydrocarbon at selected repetitive increments of depth in equivalent portions of the circulating drilling fluid before and after those portions have circulated through the borehole; and measuring the difference between said before and after concentrations in order to measure the concentration of at least one hydrocarbon with depth within the earth formations encountered by the borehole.
2. The process of claim 1 in which the drilling fluid is air that enters an intake which is located in a position that is relatively remote from and upwind relative to the location of the drilling fluid exhaust.
3. The process of claim 2 in which the measurements include measurements of at least one inorganic gas.
4. The process of claim 2 in which the drilling fluid circulation is maintained at substantially the same relatively high rate while the portions of the drilling fluid on which said concentration measurements are made are flowing through the borehole.
5. The process of claim 1 in which: a plurality of boreholes are drilled in locations which are adapted for use in a pattern of seismic source and receiver locations; and said boreholes are used for the implanting of equipment used in a seismic exploration of the subsurface earth formations.
6. The process of claim 1 in which measurements are made of the concentration with depth of the mobile reservoir fluid.
7. The process of claim 1 in which: said borehole is logged with respect to the magnitude with depth of a rock-type responsive property; measurements are made of the depths of magnitudes of said logged property which are characteristic of a selected type of earth formation in order to identify the depths of individual earth formations; and measurements are made of the concentration of the mobile reservoir Fluid in at least one selected type of individual earth formation.
8. The process of claim 1 in which measurements are made of the maximum concentration of the mobile reservoir fluid within a selected interval of depth.
9. The process of claim 1 in which the equipment used for gas drilling the borehole is pretreated by circulating through it a fluid that is chemically distinct from but miscible with said mobile reservoir fluid until substantially no mobile reservoir fluid is entrained in a gaseous fluid that is circulated through the drilling system.
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050211440A1 (en) * 2004-03-25 2005-09-29 Johannes Lanfermeijer Offshore nitrogen production and injection
US20090199618A1 (en) * 2004-09-30 2009-08-13 Jean-Francois Evrard Device for extracting at least one gas contained in a drilling mud and associated analysis assembly
EP2392768A1 (en) * 2010-06-07 2011-12-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for increasing the yield from a mineral deposit
US8955917B2 (en) 2010-06-07 2015-02-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for increasing the yield in a deposit
US9069093B2 (en) 2010-06-07 2015-06-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for determining the local spatial extent of the phase of valuable mineral in a rock
US11047233B2 (en) 2019-08-28 2021-06-29 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Identifying hydrocarbon sweet spots using carbon dioxide geochemistry

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2214674A (en) * 1938-01-29 1940-09-10 John T Hayward Method of logging wells
US2740292A (en) * 1952-03-06 1956-04-03 Exxon Research Engineering Co Apparatus for logging well cuttings during drilling
US3031571A (en) * 1956-05-21 1962-04-24 Well Completions Inc Apparatus and method for conditioning and analyzing earth components
US3514996A (en) * 1967-10-18 1970-06-02 Aquitaine Petrole Apparatus for geological surveying

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2214674A (en) * 1938-01-29 1940-09-10 John T Hayward Method of logging wells
US2740292A (en) * 1952-03-06 1956-04-03 Exxon Research Engineering Co Apparatus for logging well cuttings during drilling
US3031571A (en) * 1956-05-21 1962-04-24 Well Completions Inc Apparatus and method for conditioning and analyzing earth components
US3514996A (en) * 1967-10-18 1970-06-02 Aquitaine Petrole Apparatus for geological surveying

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050211440A1 (en) * 2004-03-25 2005-09-29 Johannes Lanfermeijer Offshore nitrogen production and injection
US20090199618A1 (en) * 2004-09-30 2009-08-13 Jean-Francois Evrard Device for extracting at least one gas contained in a drilling mud and associated analysis assembly
US7779667B2 (en) * 2004-09-30 2010-08-24 Geoservices Equipements Device for extracting at least one gas contained in a drilling mud and associated analysis assembly
EP2392768A1 (en) * 2010-06-07 2011-12-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for increasing the yield from a mineral deposit
WO2011154168A1 (en) * 2010-06-07 2011-12-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for increasing the yield in a deposit
US8955917B2 (en) 2010-06-07 2015-02-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for increasing the yield in a deposit
US8955918B2 (en) 2010-06-07 2015-02-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for increasing the yield in a deposit
US9069093B2 (en) 2010-06-07 2015-06-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for determining the local spatial extent of the phase of valuable mineral in a rock
US11047233B2 (en) 2019-08-28 2021-06-29 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Identifying hydrocarbon sweet spots using carbon dioxide geochemistry

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