US364199A - coyle - Google Patents

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US364199A
US364199A US364199DA US364199A US 364199 A US364199 A US 364199A US 364199D A US364199D A US 364199DA US 364199 A US364199 A US 364199A
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retort
water
condenser
jacket
fluid
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D3/00Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/06Flash distillation
    • B01D3/065Multiple-effect flash distillation (more than two traps)
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S159/00Concentrating evaporators
    • Y10S159/16Vacuum
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S203/00Distillation: processes, separatory
    • Y10S203/18Control

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  • the object of my invention is to provide a still which will be perfectly self-regulating 1c and effect distillation by an improved economical method of operation.
  • WVhile the apparatus is intended especially to distill water for laboratory and domestic use,it may be used for all sorts of distillation.
  • a leading object of this invention is to supply that want.
  • Figure 1 is a front View, the drip-pipe 7L2 and jacket G- of,
  • Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse sec tion
  • Fig. 3 a detail view illustrating the application of the apparatus to an ordinary domestic range
  • Fig. 4- a perspective view of a 5 still with the jacket of the retort partly broken away
  • Fig. 5 a detail view illustrating a modified construction by which the still is adapted either for alcoholic or water distillation.
  • the condenser A is shown as rectanular in cross-section. consists of a jacket or casing within which one or more flat condensing tubes or passages, 13, are arranged, one tube onlybeing shown in the drawings. Its upper end is open and extends nearly to the top of the jacket of the condenser, and the lower end is also shown as open for the discharge of the condensed distillate. ater is supplied from any suitable ,0 source of constant supply to the condensingjacket through a pipe, a, connected at thcbot tom of the condenser.
  • a retort 0, preferably circular, is arranged alongside the upper portion of the jacket A and is supplied with water by a pipe,
  • the jacket at the water-level may be enlarged to afford a greater surface for vaporization.
  • the retort is provided with a sediment-tap, F. By opening the tap and supplying an increased flow of water any sediment in the re tort will be drawn off.
  • the sides of the retort may be protected by a jacket, G.
  • Any suitable casing, of asbestus, or any known means for preventing waste by radiation, may, of course, be employed.
  • the water of condensation may fall into a drip-box, H, provided with one or more inclined shelves, preferably of wire-gauze, and perforated, as shown at 71, so that the water will be thoroughly aerated.
  • Charcoal, h, or other material may,if desired, be placed in the bottom of the boX to improve the taste or quality of the water.
  • Any suitable form of aerator may be attached to the apparatus. That shown is, however, deemed entirely suffieient whenever an aerator is desired.
  • At 00 represent perforated ears or straps, by means of which the apparatus may be hung upon a wall or carrying board.
  • the apparatus may be hung on the wall in convenient proximity to a water'cock and gas-tap, if gas is to be used to heat the retort.
  • the inlet-tube a is connected. with the watcr faucet by means of a piece of rubber tubing, or otherwise, and the Bunsen burner is similarly connected with the gas tap or burner.
  • the faucet being operated to permit the flow of
  • the condenserjacket, retort, and overflow-pipe will fill until the wa ter reaches the level X Y, at which it will be maintained by the constant overflow at a.
  • the Bunsen burner being lighted, steam will be generated in the retort, and the operation indicated in the above description will continuously take place. So long as the flow of water and gas continues the operation is entirely automatic, and the apparatus requires absolutely no attention. To work most economic ally the water-supply should be reduced until the overflow at a is warm. The warm overflow need not be wasted, but may be delivered into a vessel for use.
  • the supply of water at a may be so increased that the overflow will be cold.
  • Any suitable construction for fully utilizing the heat of the burner may be adoptedas, for instance, such expedients as are resorted to in steam-boilers, &o.
  • the material of which the still is made may be copper, tin, or any other suitable metal, and, if desired, may be porcelain-lined.
  • An apparatus having a capacity of onehalf gallon of distilled water per hour, when burning about six feet of gas, would be of about the following dimensions: The retort, five inches in height and diameter.
  • the outside measurements of the condenser would be sixteen inches long, threeiuches wide,and about th reefourths inch thick; theinterior condensing-tube, two and one-half inches wide by one-fourth inch by fourteen and seven-eighthsinches.
  • the aspirating lips or tube (2 may be about oneeighth inch by two and threeeighths inches.
  • the overflowpipe should be connected with the condenserjacket about seven and onehalf inches fromthe bottom, and the pipe should be about onehalf inch in diameter.
  • That pipe should also be about one-half inch in diameter, so as to permit access of air to the interior of the condensingtube.
  • An apparatus constructed as described may be connected with the water-back or fire-pot of a range or heater of any kind by pipes S S, (shown in Fig. 3,) which communicate with the retort and the water-back of the heater.
  • pipes S S (shown in Fig. 3,) which communicate with the retort and the water-back of the heater.
  • Fig. 5 is illustrated one way of construction by means of which the still may be used for alcoholic distillation or the manufacture of fluid extracts.
  • apartition is placed across the jacket, so as to divide it into two compartments.
  • On each side of the partition there is a pipeconnection with the jacket, leading to a common two-way cock, which, when in one position, places the two compartments of the jacket in communication, so that water may be distilled, as above described. In the other position this communication is cut off and the tap Y placed in communication with the upper compartment of the jacket,
  • the operation of the apparatus shown in Fig. 5 is as follows:
  • the bottle Z is located in such relation to the still that the end 2 of pipe Z, which passes through the top of the bottle and extends nearly to its bottom, is on a level with the desired fluid-level in the retort, the level being indicated by the horizontal dotted lines W ⁇ V.
  • the vessel or bottle Z is providedwith an" air-valve, Z and with a suitable outletpipe, Z, provided with a stopcock at its bottom.
  • the air-cock Z being open and the outlet coek at Z closed, a quantity of liquid is supplied to the vessel through the tube Z, the displaced air escaping through the aircoek.
  • the air-cock is then closed and the cock at Z opened,the pipe Z being connected with thetap Y of the three-way cock by a suitable piece of tubing, the three-way cock of course being in the position illustrated in the drawings.
  • the liquid in the vessel Z then commences to flow out into the still an d a partial vacuum is formed
  • the full pressure of the atmosphere on the surface of the liquid in the tube Z will cause the water therein to be depressed to some point-say 0-and finally to the bot-tom of the tube Z, after which air will pass through the tube and ascend through the liquid into the space above.
  • the force required to carry air through the tube Z is a pressure caused by a hydrostatic column equal to the distance from the bottom of the tube Z to the surface of the liquid in Z. Air will continue to pass through the tube until the level in the still has reached. the lower end of the tube, after which the conditions above described do not exist, because the distance from the surface of the liquid in the still and the surface of the liquid in the vessel Z is less than the hydrostatic column fequired to force air through the tube Z. As soon, however, as the level inthe still falls below the lower end of the tube Z, air will again pass into the vessel Z, and the liquid flow out to supply the deficiency in the retort of the still.
  • the still might be fed from a suitable tank of ordinary construction and the level regulated by an overflow-pipe.
  • the overflow would by preference be taken from the pipe outside of the jacket, and preferably between the cock and tank.

Description

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1. A. M. OOYLE.
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING WATER.
N0. 364,199. Patented May 31, 1887.
m 1 a A F l I I I x llr. I x I I ll u A -i .1. 11...! :11-111 5--. J 11 m m n n n u u 7. V A n R a m u u A N E ill fl 1 I n l l I l I A I Ill-Illlllll llllll ll WITNESSES (No Model.) 4'Sheets-Sheet 2..
A. M. COYLE.
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING WATER.
No. 364,199. Patented May 31, 1887.
L l 4% Q WITNESSES INVENTO M. E mi-WW5 I 7 W W 6% (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.
A. M. COYLE. METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING WATER. No. 364,199. Patented May 81, 1887.
N. Penna PhotwLiXnngraphcr. WashingQon, D c
(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.
A. M. GOYLE.
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING WATER. N0. 364,199. I Patented May 31,1887.
W'---------- o z W a J J N4 FETiRs, PhohrLi'Mgnpher. Wzshlnglon, D. c.
UNITED Sira'rns PATENT @Orrrcs.
ANDREYV M. COYLE, OF \VASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
'METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING WAT-ER.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 354,199, dated May 31, 1887.
To CLZZ whom it may concern.-
.Beit known that 1, ANDREW M. Corns, of Washington, in the District of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Distilling \Vater and other Fluids, of which the following is a specification.
The object of my invention is to provide a still which will be perfectly self-regulating 1c and effect distillation by an improved economical method of operation.
WVhile the apparatus is intended especially to distill water for laboratory and domestic use,it may be used for all sorts of distillation.
In many cities the water-supply has of late years been most dangerously contaminated, and the need of some simple apparatus by which each household may, with the utmost facility and minimum of expense, obtain an abundance of practically chemically pure water has been seriously felt. A leading object of this invention is to supply that want.
I will now describe a specific,practicahand desirable form of the invention, without, however, in any manner limiting myself to the special details of construction.
In the accompanying draw1ngs,Figure 1 is a front View, the drip-pipe 7L2 and jacket G- of,
the retort being cut away on the line Z Zof Fig. 0 2. The interior construction is illustrated by dotted lines. Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse sec tion; Fig. 3, a detail view illustrating the application of the apparatus to an ordinary domestic range; Fig. 4-, a perspective view of a 5 still with the jacket of the retort partly broken away, and Fig. 5 a detail view illustrating a modified construction by which the still is adapted either for alcoholic or water distillation.
The condenser A is shown as rectanular in cross-section. consists of a jacket or casing within which one or more flat condensing tubes or passages, 13, are arranged, one tube onlybeing shown in the drawings. Its upper end is open and extends nearly to the top of the jacket of the condenser, and the lower end is also shown as open for the discharge of the condensed distillate. ater is supplied from any suitable ,0 source of constant supply to the condensingjacket through a pipe, a, connected at thcbot tom of the condenser. At a an overflow or It is of the Liebig type, anddischarge pipe is connected with the jacket and carried up outside of the condenser and retort to the proper height to maintain the 5 desired water-level in the jacket, and also in the retort or distilling-drum, as is presently described. A retort, 0, preferably circular, is arranged alongside the upper portion of the jacket A and is supplied with water by a pipe,
steanrspace of the retort O and a compartment, 1), in the upper end of the jacket A. This compartment opens into the top of the coudensingtube B through lips d,which enter the tube sufficiently to produce slight aspira- 7 5 tion should steam be blown through them.
If heat be applied to the retort G by means of the ordinary Bunsen gas-burner, E, (which is illustrated as supported by arms or brackets projecting from the condenser-jacket,) or St: otherwise, steam generated therein will pass into the compartment D and blow down the condensing-tube B. The steam in condensing gives up its heatto the ascending water in the condenser, which is thereby highly heated and enters the retort at c at about the boilingpoint.
The automatic operation and the organiza tion thus far described are,.so far as I am aware, new. It, therefore, there were no communication from the surface of the water in go the jacket A to the open top of the condensing-tube, the construction and operation would be within the scope of my invention. In order, however, to improve the economical operation and obtain better results, I make the still by preference according to the principle involved in the construction illustrated for the following reason: Theaspiratingaction of the steam blowing into the top of the con densing-tube reduces the pressure on the too column of highly-heated water in the condenser-jacket and the water bursts into vapor, which is carried by the aspirationdown the condensingtube. The vapor from the water in the jacket A in condensing gives up less heat than that from the retort O, and, as the latter is amply sufficient to heat the water to the desired point, proportionally less condensing-surface is necessary.
So far as I am aware I am the first to heat the supply-water by the steam from the re tort and utilize the steam to decrease the pressure on the surface of the supply-water thus heated, and thereby convertit into vapor. Of course the operation is not dependent on the special apparatus shown.
If desired, the jacket at the water-level may be enlarged to afford a greater surface for vaporization.
The retort is provided with a sediment-tap, F. By opening the tap and supplying an increased flow of water any sediment in the re tort will be drawn off.
To prevent waste of heat by radiation, the sides of the retort may be protected by a jacket, G. Any suitable casing, of asbestus, or any known means for preventing waste by radiation, may, of course, be employed.
The water of condensation may fall into a drip-box, H, provided with one or more inclined shelves, preferably of wire-gauze, and perforated, as shown at 71, so that the water will be thoroughly aerated. Charcoal, h, or other material, may,if desired, be placed in the bottom of the boX to improve the taste or quality of the water.
if is the drip-tube or outlet of the box.
Any suitable form of aerator may be attached to the apparatus. That shown is, however, deemed entirely suffieient whenever an aerator is desired.
at 00 represent perforated ears or straps, by means of which the apparatus may be hung upon a wall or carrying board.
In use the apparatusmay be hung on the wall in convenient proximity to a water'cock and gas-tap, if gas is to be used to heat the retort. The inlet-tube a is connected. with the watcr faucet by means of a piece of rubber tubing, or otherwise, and the Bunsen burner is similarly connected with the gas tap or burner.
The faucet being operated to permit the flow of,
a small stream of water, the condenserjacket, retort, and overflow-pipe will fill until the wa ter reaches the level X Y, at which it will be maintained by the constant overflow at a. The Bunsen burner being lighted, steam will be generated in the retort, and the operation indicated in the above description will continuously take place. So long as the flow of water and gas continues the operation is entirely automatic, and the apparatus requires absolutely no attention. To work most economic ally the water-supply should be reduced until the overflow at a is warm. The warm overflow need not be wasted, but may be delivered into a vessel for use.
By connecting the overfiowpipe about halfway up the condenser all of the very hot water at the top is retained and the water-level maintained by the overflow of merely warm water.
The supply of water at a may be so increased that the overflow will be cold.
Any suitable construction for fully utilizing the heat of the burner may be adoptedas, for instance, such expedients as are resorted to in steam-boilers, &o.
The material of which the still is made may be copper, tin, or any other suitable metal, and, if desired, may be porcelain-lined.
An apparatus having a capacity of onehalf gallon of distilled water per hour, when burning about six feet of gas, would be of about the following dimensions: The retort, five inches in height and diameter. The outside measurements of the condenser would be sixteen inches long, threeiuches wide,and about th reefourths inch thick; theinterior condensing-tube, two and one-half inches wide by one-fourth inch by fourteen and seven-eighthsinches. The aspirating lips or tube (2 may be about oneeighth inch by two and threeeighths inches. The overflowpipe should be connected with the condenserjacket about seven and onehalf inches fromthe bottom, and the pipe should be about onehalf inch in diameter. Should the drip-box be dispensed with and the drip-pipe for the distillate connected directly with the bottom of the condensing-tube, that pipe should also be about one-half inch in diameter, so as to permit access of air to the interior of the condensingtube.
The above dimensions were those adopted in several specimen stills which had the capac ity above mentioned. I do not, however, limit myself to any particular dimensions.
An apparatus constructed as described may be connected with the water-back or fire-pot of a range or heater of any kind by pipes S S, (shown in Fig. 3,) which communicate with the retort and the water-back of the heater. With this arrangement water which rises into the retort will flow down the pipe S to the water-back and till the water-back and pipes S S, and,when heated,will rise through the pipe S into the retort, where it will give off its steam, the operation being precisely the same as above described. With this arrangement I should prefer to retain the burner E for use when the range is -not burning. Instead of connecting with the ordinary water-baek, a continuous pipe S S may be passed through the fire-pot of the range.
In Fig. 5 is illustrated one way of construction by means of which the still may be used for alcoholic distillation or the manufacture of fluid extracts. At X, just above the overflowconnection with thejacket,apartition is placed across the jacket, so as to divide it into two compartments. On each side of the partition there is a pipeconnection with the jacket, leading to a common two-way cock, which, when in one position, places the two compartments of the jacket in communication, so that water may be distilled, as above described. In the other position this communication is cut off and the tap Y placed in communication with the upper compartment of the jacket,
, above the liquid in the vessel.
which may now be fed from a tank or supply bottle, Z, preferably working automatically to supply the still at a constant level, as is well understood, with fluid of any kind to be distilled. Obviously all the advantages incident to the manner of distilling water above described are here obtained.
The operation of the apparatus shown in Fig. 5 is as follows: The bottle Z is located in such relation to the still that the end 2 of pipe Z, which passes through the top of the bottle and extends nearly to its bottom, is on a level with the desired fluid-level in the retort, the level being indicated by the horizontal dotted lines W \V. The vessel or bottle Z is providedwith an" air-valve, Z and with a suitable outletpipe, Z, provided with a stopcock at its bottom. The air-cock Z being open and the outlet coek at Z closed, a quantity of liquid is supplied to the vessel through the tube Z, the displaced air escaping through the aircoek. The air-cock is then closed and the cock at Z opened,the pipe Z being connected with thetap Y of the three-way cock by a suitable piece of tubing, the three-way cock of course being in the position illustrated in the drawings. The liquid in the vessel Z then commences to flow out into the still an d a partial vacuum is formed The full pressure of the atmosphere on the surface of the liquid in the tube Z will cause the water therein to be depressed to some point-say 0-and finally to the bot-tom of the tube Z, after which air will pass through the tube and ascend through the liquid into the space above.
It is evident that the force required to carry air through the tube Z is a pressure caused by a hydrostatic column equal to the distance from the bottom of the tube Z to the surface of the liquid in Z. Air will continue to pass through the tube until the level in the still has reached. the lower end of the tube, after which the conditions above described do not exist, because the distance from the surface of the liquid in the still and the surface of the liquid in the vessel Z is less than the hydrostatic column fequired to force air through the tube Z. As soon, however, as the level inthe still falls below the lower end of the tube Z, air will again pass into the vessel Z, and the liquid flow out to supply the deficiency in the retort of the still.
Of course the still might be fed from a suitable tank of ordinary construction and the level regulated by an overflow-pipe. The overflow would by preference be taken from the pipe outside of the jacket, and preferably between the cock and tank.
- I claim as my invention- 1. The herein-described improvement in the art of distillation, which consists in continuously supplying the fluid to the retort, heating said supply-fluid by the vapor of distillation from the retort, decreasing the pressure upon the surface of the heated supply-fluid by the action of the vapor causing it to vaporize at a relatively low temperature, and then condensing the combined vapors derived from thefluid.
2. The herein-described improvement in the art of distillation, which consists in causing the vaporous distillate on its escape from the retort to produce a second distillation at a lower temperature than that in the retort by heating the supply-fluid and reducing the pressure on the surface of the same prior to its entrance into the retort, substantially as set forth.
3. The combination, substantially as set forth, of the retort,-the condenser, normallyopen fluid and vapor connections between the condenser and retort, a fluid-supply pipe connected with the condenser, and an overflow pipe or connection whereby, with a constant fluid-feed, a uniform level is maintained in the condenser and retort. I
l. The combination, substantially as set forth, of the retort, the condenser, normallyopen fluid and vapor connections between the retort and condenser, a fluid-supply pipe connected with the condenser, and an overflowpipc connected with the condenser below the retort and carried up to the proper point to maintain the desired level in the retort and condenser.
5. The combination, substantially as set forth, of the fluidalistilling retort, alsupplyconduit for conveying the fluid to the retort, and an overflow pipe or connection communicating with the supply-conduit for the oven flow of the fluid, whereby, with a constant fluid-leed, a uniform level is automatically maintained in the retort, substantially as set forth.
6. The combination, substantially as set forth, of the retort, the condensingjacket, the fluid communication or connection between the retort and jacket, the condensingtube within the jacket, open at its upper end, a vapor chamber or compartment, and means whereby the vapor from the retort may blow into the open end of the condensing-tube, and a fluid-su 'iply connect-ionwith the condenser.
7. The combination, substantially as set forth, of the retort, the condenser-jacket, the interior condenser tube or tubes, the steam or vapor compartment arranged opposite the open end of the condenser-tube and opening into it, a fluid-connection between the condenser and retort, and a steam-conneetion be tween the retort and said vaponconipartment, and the fluidsupply and overflow connections.
8. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a Liebig condenser, the fluid-supply connection at one end, the retort arranged opposite the other end of the condenser and communicating therewith by normally-open vapor and fluid connections, and an overflowpipe, for the purpose described. 7
9. The combination, substantially as set forth, ofa Liebig condenser, the fluid-supply connection a at one end, the retort arranged from the retort, thereby opposite the other end of the condenser and communicating therewith by normally-open ICO or connections of the condenser, the blow-off tap of the retort, and the protecting-jacket G.
12. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a distilling-retort, a fluid-chamber within which the supply-fluid isheated by the steam or vapor leaving the retort, a condensing-tube which passes through said fluid, and an aspirating-i'ube through which the vapor from the retort is blown into the condensingtube, for the purpose set forth.
13. The combination, substantially as set forth, of the retort, the condenser-jacket, a fluid-connection between thejacket and retort, the condensing-tube therein, a vapor-connection between the retort and condensing-tube, a partition, X, in the jacket, by which it is divided into two compartments, pipe connec' tions by which the upper and lower compartments of the condensingjacket may be placed in communication with or cut off from each other, and fluid supply and discharge pipes 01' connections for the lower compartment of the condenser.
In testimony whercofl I have hereunto subscribed my name.
ANDREW M. COYLE.
\Vitnesses:
EDWARD G. DAVIDSON, JOHN T. ARMs.
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2445907A (en) * 1942-02-27 1948-07-27 Davis Engineering Corp Water still with deaerator
US5178734A (en) * 1990-02-16 1993-01-12 International Water Technologies, Inc. Water distilling apparatus with vertically stacked components
US5932073A (en) * 1996-05-16 1999-08-03 Land; Glenn E. Distillation apparatus
US5951825A (en) * 1997-03-26 1999-09-14 Land; Glenn E. Convertible distillation apparatus
US6290819B1 (en) 1996-05-16 2001-09-18 Environmental Technology Enterprises, Llc Distillation apparatus

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2445907A (en) * 1942-02-27 1948-07-27 Davis Engineering Corp Water still with deaerator
US5178734A (en) * 1990-02-16 1993-01-12 International Water Technologies, Inc. Water distilling apparatus with vertically stacked components
US5932073A (en) * 1996-05-16 1999-08-03 Land; Glenn E. Distillation apparatus
US6290819B1 (en) 1996-05-16 2001-09-18 Environmental Technology Enterprises, Llc Distillation apparatus
US5951825A (en) * 1997-03-26 1999-09-14 Land; Glenn E. Convertible distillation apparatus

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