US3640562A - Flexible vacuum lifter - Google Patents

Flexible vacuum lifter Download PDF

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Publication number
US3640562A
US3640562A US20280A US3640562DA US3640562A US 3640562 A US3640562 A US 3640562A US 20280 A US20280 A US 20280A US 3640562D A US3640562D A US 3640562DA US 3640562 A US3640562 A US 3640562A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
lifter
flexible
sheet
vacuum
secured
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US20280A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jacob J Creskoff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vacuum Concrete Corp of America
Original Assignee
Vacuum Concrete Corp of America
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Publication date
Application filed by Vacuum Concrete Corp of America filed Critical Vacuum Concrete Corp of America
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Publication of US3640562A publication Critical patent/US3640562A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/02—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by suction means
    • B66C1/0281—Rectangular or square shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/02—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by suction means
    • B66C1/0293—Single lifting units; Only one suction cup

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A flexible vacuum lifter which comprises a flexible elongated frame having a deformable resilient gasket secured to peripheral areas of one of the faces of the flexible lifter in order to define an enclosure.
  • the flexible lifter is backed with a cover sheet having a peripheral skirt that extends beyond the edges of the flexible lifter, with the cover sheet having an opening that permits a lifting frame to be directly secured to the flexible lifter.
  • a vacuum pipe passes through the lifting frame and is in good fluid or vacuum communication with the other components of the invention which have appropriate coinciding openings that temiinate within the enclosure at approximately the level of the outer surface of the sealing gasket, with the outermost opening being located in a neoprene strip that is secured outwardly of the stud assembly.
  • the foregoing construction constitutes a flexible vacuum lifter that is capable of lifting objects of varying size and shape, as well as objects, like sheet metal for airplane wings that is otherwise easily deformed.
  • This invention relates to a flexible vacuum lifter and more particularly to a lifting device which is sufficiently resilient that it will conform to a large variety of sizes and shapes, as well as being usable in connection with objects that are otherwise easily deformed.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a flexible vacuum lifter which can be used to lift delicate articles, like the sheet metal for airplane wings, that is otherwise easily deformed with the equipment presently in use.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum lifter that may be regarded as a universal lifter.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a blanket-type vacuum lifter that can be produced at reasonable costs, and which is simple to operate and maintain;
  • the vacuum lifter is comprised of a flexible frame or that has a sealing gasket secured to its outer face.
  • the sealing gasket projects sufficiently outwardly of the blanket lifter so as to define an enclosure in which is located a number of layers of materials that are necessary to achieve a good balance of strength and rigidity.
  • a cover sheet is secured to the inner face of the lifter, with the cover sheet having a skirt that facilitates movement of the entire vacuum head across the surface of the object to be lifted, in such a way as to be protective of such surface.
  • the cover sheet has an opening which permits a lifting frame to be directly secured to the lifter, with the lifting frame permitting the passage of a vacuum pipe.
  • an assembly sheet which acts as a stiffener and adds strength without adversely affecting the flexibility of the overall vacuum head.
  • a first screen is secured to the assembly sheet, and a second screen is positioned immediately outwardly of the first screen, with a piece of expanded metal being interposed between the two screens.
  • a perforate sheet is secured to the second screen in order to add further flexibility.
  • a stud assembly which holds all the various layers together, with a neoprene strip being positioned outwardly of the stud assembly to act as a cushion.
  • each of the foregoing layers is perforate to allow direct vacuum communication back to the vacuum pipe.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a flexible vacuum lifter embodying the present invention, with the vacuum lifter being in operative contact with a piece of work;
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing the various layers comprising the vacuum head of the present invention, including the lifting frame;
  • FIG. 3 is a somewhat enlarged sectional view taken along the lines 33 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the lines 44 of FIG. 3.
  • a flexible vacuum lifter embodying the present invention is generally shown at 10 in FIG. 1.
  • the present invention basically comprises a resilient vacuum head 12 which as shown in FIG. 2 includes a flexible lifter or resilient base 14 having a sealing gasket 16 extending peripherally about the outer face of the flexible lifter 14 in order to define an enclosure 18 (FIG. 3).
  • a series of layers of materials extend outwardly of the lifter 14, but within the enclosure 18 for a variety of purposes as will be discussed hereinafter.
  • the resilient and flexible lifter 14 is backed with a cover sheet 20 having a peripheral skirt that aids in the sliding of the vacuum head 12 across the surface of an object to be lifted and seating of the gasket on the surface.
  • the cover sheet 20 has a rectangular opening 24 which permits the lifting frame 26 to be directly secured to the inner face of the lifter 14.
  • the lifting frame 26 is essentially an I-beam having a central opening that permits the passage of vacuum pipe 28 as better seen in FIG. 3.
  • a vacuum inlet line 30 (FIG. 2) that leads backwardly to a vacuum pump.
  • the vacuum inlet line 30 extends downstream to the vacuum pipe 28 in a conventional way with a vacuum gauge 32 being provided.
  • the vacuum inlet line 30 meets the vacuum pipe 28 in a standard L-connection, with a lifting hook 34 being provided for securement to a hoist or other lifting device (not shown).
  • the base 36 of the lifting frame 26 has a series of spaced openings 38 formed therein for reception of appropriately arranged lugs 40 which extend from the stud assembly 42. It will be seen from an inspection of FIG. 2 that all other layers of material that are incorporated into this invention carry openings similar to the openings 38 in order to allow the lugs 40 to pass through ever layer and to be received in the openings 38 where the lugs 40 are fastened in place using nuts 44 and washers 46.
  • two protective pads 60 and 62 are also employed in connection with the flexible vacuum lifter of the present invention.
  • the outer end 64 of the vacuum pipe 28 is in vacuum communication with all layers comprising the present invention in order that vacuum will be effective upon the surface of the object that is to be lifted. This is accomplished by providing a central opening 66 in the lifter 14, a central opening 68 in the assembly sheet 48, central openings 70 and 72 in the screensSO and 54, central opening 74 in the expanded metal strip 52, central opening 76 in the perforate sheet 56, central opening 78 in the outer protective pad 62 and central opening 80 in the stud assembly 42 that also passes through the outer neoprene strip 58.
  • the vacuum is effective through the imperforate but flexible lifter 14 and assembly sheet 48.
  • the screens 50 and 54 contain many openings, and indeed the expanded metal strip 52 functions as a three dimensional spacer and vacuum distributor to enhance the openings in the screens.
  • the expanded metal strip may be substituted for by a plurality of washers which are provided between screens 50 and 54 and telescoped over the lugs 40.
  • the vacuum being drawn through inlet line 30 is effectively distributed across substantially the entire area of the screens 50 and 54 as well as substantially across the entire area of the perforate sheet 56 which likewise contains a large number of openings.
  • the materials comprising the various layers of the present invention, except for expanded metal strip 52 and stud assembly 42 should generally be flexible, although it is to be understood that it is conceivable that the present invention could tolerate one or more relatively rigid layers, although the resulting vacuum lifter would lack certain amount of flexibility.
  • the cover sheet 20 is comprised of neoprene rubber of approximately /4-inch thickness that is reinforced with a glass fiber mat or layer.
  • the flexible lifter is also of neoprene rubber while the assembly sheet 48 is of about , ⁇ i-inch thickness and may be of a somewhat stiffer neoprene rubber.
  • the screens 50 and 54 are composed of l6-mesh steel fly screen.
  • the perforate sheet 56 is preferably of a mesh made from either nylon or rubber, and serves to protect the center surfaces of the object being lifted.
  • Each of the protective pads 60 and 62 may be comprised of neoprene rubber that is reinforced with glass fiber layers or mats, with a pad being about one-fourth inch thick.
  • the neoprene strip 58 is similarly comprised and is positioned on the outer surface of stud assembly 42 in order to prevent any damage to the object being lifted.
  • the screens 50 and 54 function not only to distribute the vacuum, but also add tensile strength to the entire assembly.
  • sealing gasket 16 is a closed cell neoprene R41 1N (medium firm) which is about one-half inch thick and about 1 inch wide.
  • staples 82 are provided about the periphery of perforate sheet 56 which pass inwardly through perforate sheet 56, then through the screens 50 and 54 to be received in the assembly sheet 48.
  • the lugs pass through aligned openings in the various layers, and then through rectangular opening 24 of cover sheet 20 and then through openings in protective pad 60, with the lugs 40 then being received in openings 38 in base 36 of the lifting frame 26.
  • adhesive is applied to the shaded areas 84 of lifter 14 and area 86 of assembly sheet 48 to strengthen the securement between the various layers of the vacuum head 12.
  • cover sheet 20 is not connected in any way to the lifter 14 but merely rests on the top surface thereof.
  • the cover sheet is maintained in place by the alignment of rectangular opening 24 which fits loosely about the rectangular base 36 of lifting frame 26.
  • the cover sheet is thus enabled to provide a seating force to the peripheral sealing gasket 16 that facilitates the seating of the blanket lifter 14.
  • the vacuum head 12 will conform to a large number of varying surfaces to provide an effective seal, and thereby enable vacuum lifting in a universal way.
  • a series of vacuum heads 12 may be provided in varying arrangements as will occur to those skilled in the art.
  • a vacuum lifter comprising a source of vacuum, a flexible lifter having a pair of opposed parallel faces, said source of vacuum being effective at said flexible lifter, a resilient sealing gasket secured to one of said faces of said lifter and extending from said flexible lifter, a lifting member secured to the other of said faces and adapted to impart a lifting force to said flexible lifter, said gasket and said flexible lifter being conformable and securable to a wide variety of surfaces of objects to enable lifting of said objects when said lifting force is imparted to said flexible lifter.
  • the invention of claim 2 including an assembly sheet positioned against the outer face of said flexible lifter, with said vacuum being effective through a portion of said cover sheet, said lifter and said assembly sheet being nonrigid.
  • the invention of claim 3 including a first screen positioned against the outer face of said assembly sheet, a second screen, a spacer being interposed between said screens, with said second screen otherwise being positioned against the outer face of said first screen, both of said screens being flexible.
  • the invention of claim 4 including a flexible perforate sheet positioned against the outer face of said second screen.
  • the invention of claim 5 including a stud assembly having lugs which extend through said perforate sheet, said screens, said spacer, said assembly sheet, said flexible lifter, and said cover sheet to be received in the base of a lifting frame.
  • cover sheet includes an opening that allows the base of said lifting frame to be directly secured to said flexible lifter, with said lifting frame also including a lifting hook, and means to convey vacuum to said flexible lifter.
  • the invention of claim 7 including an enclosure defined by said flexible lifter and sealing gasket, said enclosure receiving said assembly sheet, said screens, said spacer, said perforate sheet and said stud assembly, with said stud assembly including an outer neoprene strip that is essentially in line with the outer surface of said sealing gasket when said lifter is secured to said work.
  • skirt of said cover sheet includes outer edges that are essentially in line with said sealing gasket.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Sheets, Magazines, And Separation Thereof (AREA)
  • Vacuum Packaging (AREA)
US20280A 1970-03-17 1970-03-17 Flexible vacuum lifter Expired - Lifetime US3640562A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US2028070A 1970-03-17 1970-03-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3640562A true US3640562A (en) 1972-02-08

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US20280A Expired - Lifetime US3640562A (en) 1970-03-17 1970-03-17 Flexible vacuum lifter

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3640562A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
JP (1) JPS5250339B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
CA (1) CA954910A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
DE (1) DE2112191A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
DK (1) DK134478B (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
FR (1) FR2083347B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
GB (1) GB1352749A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
NO (1) NO137887C (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
SE (1) SE391507B (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4971591A (en) * 1989-04-25 1990-11-20 Roni Raviv Vehicle with vacuum traction
US5013075A (en) * 1988-01-11 1991-05-07 Littell Edmund R Vacuum cup construction
WO1994000374A1 (en) * 1992-06-26 1994-01-06 Noel William George Rankin Clamping device
US5664617A (en) * 1995-03-24 1997-09-09 Columbia Aluminum Corporation Sow lifter
US5681022A (en) * 1992-06-26 1997-10-28 Rankin; Noel William George Clamping device
US5704673A (en) * 1994-05-25 1998-01-06 Avery Dennison Corporation Large area support label carrier
US20040251702A1 (en) * 2002-08-27 2004-12-16 Ishii Chokokogu Mfg. Co. Ltd. Suction-holding device
US20060157367A1 (en) * 2004-09-13 2006-07-20 Carrigan David J Packaged banded envelopes
US20080001341A1 (en) * 2005-02-08 2008-01-03 Wronski Richard E Apparatus and method for moving envelopes
US20080124209A1 (en) * 2005-09-12 2008-05-29 Meadwestvaco Corporation Method for moving banded envelopes
US20080210583A1 (en) * 2004-09-13 2008-09-04 Meadwestvaco Corporation Banded envelopes
US20090293663A1 (en) * 2008-05-28 2009-12-03 Advanced International Multitech Co., Ltd. Robot arm
US20120210553A1 (en) * 2011-02-17 2012-08-23 Chen Stephen C High Capacity Suction Cup and Method
US20140169929A1 (en) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-19 Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd. Transport arm, transport apparatus and transport method
US20140341699A1 (en) * 2011-12-30 2014-11-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Vacuum effector and method of use
US10160169B1 (en) * 2017-06-26 2018-12-25 General Electric Company Systems and methods of forming a composite layup structure
US20190039838A1 (en) * 2017-08-03 2019-02-07 Soft Robotics, Inc. Robotic gripper for handling meat products
US10378652B2 (en) * 2014-08-20 2019-08-13 Vacuworx Global, LLC Seal for a vacuum material lifter
US20190371647A1 (en) * 2018-05-29 2019-12-05 Point Engineering Co., Ltd. Micro led transfer head and system using same for transferring micro led
KR20190135861A (ko) * 2018-05-29 2019-12-09 (주)포인트엔지니어링 마이크로 led 전사헤드 및 이를 이용한 마이크로 led 전사 시스템
US20200006110A1 (en) * 2018-06-27 2020-01-02 Point Engineering Co., Ltd. Micro led transfer head
US20210331331A1 (en) * 2020-04-28 2021-10-28 Joulin Cemma Suction gripper head with a foam body
US11167396B1 (en) * 2021-07-01 2021-11-09 Nemo Power Tools Ltd. Self-holding and self-driving drilling system
US11260542B2 (en) * 2019-10-31 2022-03-01 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Universal vacuum cup and method of lifting an object
US20220161446A1 (en) * 2020-11-25 2022-05-26 The Boeing Company End effector, system and method for picking up and placing an object
US11648738B2 (en) 2018-10-15 2023-05-16 General Electric Company Systems and methods of automated film removal
USD1100406S1 (en) 2017-11-22 2025-10-28 Vacuworx Global, LLC Vacuum pad seal for a vacuum material lifter

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2956769A (en) * 1958-11-12 1960-10-18 Fairchild Camera Instr Co Vacuum frame mat
US3358863A (en) * 1965-06-24 1967-12-19 S & G Entpr Inc Hand truck
US3506747A (en) * 1968-01-30 1970-04-14 Vacuum Concrete Corp Of Americ Method and apparatus for treating concrete with a partial vacuum

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL14414C (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) * 1922-11-14
FR1181030A (fr) * 1957-08-09 1959-06-11 Renault Perfectionnements aux ventouses, notamment pour la manutention automatique des pièces

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2956769A (en) * 1958-11-12 1960-10-18 Fairchild Camera Instr Co Vacuum frame mat
US3358863A (en) * 1965-06-24 1967-12-19 S & G Entpr Inc Hand truck
US3506747A (en) * 1968-01-30 1970-04-14 Vacuum Concrete Corp Of Americ Method and apparatus for treating concrete with a partial vacuum

Cited By (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5013075A (en) * 1988-01-11 1991-05-07 Littell Edmund R Vacuum cup construction
US4971591A (en) * 1989-04-25 1990-11-20 Roni Raviv Vehicle with vacuum traction
WO1994000374A1 (en) * 1992-06-26 1994-01-06 Noel William George Rankin Clamping device
US5681022A (en) * 1992-06-26 1997-10-28 Rankin; Noel William George Clamping device
US5704673A (en) * 1994-05-25 1998-01-06 Avery Dennison Corporation Large area support label carrier
US5664617A (en) * 1995-03-24 1997-09-09 Columbia Aluminum Corporation Sow lifter
US20040251702A1 (en) * 2002-08-27 2004-12-16 Ishii Chokokogu Mfg. Co. Ltd. Suction-holding device
US7004521B2 (en) * 2002-08-27 2006-02-28 Ishii Chokokogu Mfg. Co., Ltd. Suction-holding device
US20060157367A1 (en) * 2004-09-13 2006-07-20 Carrigan David J Packaged banded envelopes
US20080142398A1 (en) * 2004-09-13 2008-06-19 Meadwestvaco Corporation Packaged banded envelopes
US20080210583A1 (en) * 2004-09-13 2008-09-04 Meadwestvaco Corporation Banded envelopes
US7789226B2 (en) 2004-09-13 2010-09-07 Meadwestvaco Corporation Packaged banded envelopes
US7861862B2 (en) 2004-09-13 2011-01-04 Meadwestvaco Corporation Packaged banded envelopes
US20110089069A1 (en) * 2004-09-13 2011-04-21 Meadwestvaco Corporation Packaged banded envelopes
US20080001341A1 (en) * 2005-02-08 2008-01-03 Wronski Richard E Apparatus and method for moving envelopes
US7637711B2 (en) * 2005-02-08 2009-12-29 Meadwestvaco Corporation Apparatus with suction head for moving envelopes
US20080124209A1 (en) * 2005-09-12 2008-05-29 Meadwestvaco Corporation Method for moving banded envelopes
US20090293663A1 (en) * 2008-05-28 2009-12-03 Advanced International Multitech Co., Ltd. Robot arm
US20120210553A1 (en) * 2011-02-17 2012-08-23 Chen Stephen C High Capacity Suction Cup and Method
US20140341699A1 (en) * 2011-12-30 2014-11-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Vacuum effector and method of use
US9653337B2 (en) * 2012-12-14 2017-05-16 Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd. Transport arm, transport apparatus and transport method
US20140169929A1 (en) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-19 Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd. Transport arm, transport apparatus and transport method
US11078051B2 (en) * 2014-08-20 2021-08-03 Vacuworx Global, LLC Seal for a vacuum material lifter
US10378652B2 (en) * 2014-08-20 2019-08-13 Vacuworx Global, LLC Seal for a vacuum material lifter
US11519506B2 (en) 2014-08-20 2022-12-06 Vacuworx Global, LLC Seal for a vacuum material lifter
US10160169B1 (en) * 2017-06-26 2018-12-25 General Electric Company Systems and methods of forming a composite layup structure
US20190039838A1 (en) * 2017-08-03 2019-02-07 Soft Robotics, Inc. Robotic gripper for handling meat products
USD1100406S1 (en) 2017-11-22 2025-10-28 Vacuworx Global, LLC Vacuum pad seal for a vacuum material lifter
US20190371647A1 (en) * 2018-05-29 2019-12-05 Point Engineering Co., Ltd. Micro led transfer head and system using same for transferring micro led
KR102540860B1 (ko) 2018-05-29 2023-06-07 (주)포인트엔지니어링 마이크로 led 전사헤드 및 이를 이용한 마이크로 led 전사 시스템
US10879105B2 (en) * 2018-05-29 2020-12-29 Point Engineering Co., Ltd. Micro LED transfer head and system using same for transferring micro LED
KR20190135861A (ko) * 2018-05-29 2019-12-09 (주)포인트엔지니어링 마이크로 led 전사헤드 및 이를 이용한 마이크로 led 전사 시스템
US11049759B2 (en) * 2018-06-27 2021-06-29 Point Engineering Co., Ltd. Micro LED transfer head
US20200006110A1 (en) * 2018-06-27 2020-01-02 Point Engineering Co., Ltd. Micro led transfer head
US11648738B2 (en) 2018-10-15 2023-05-16 General Electric Company Systems and methods of automated film removal
US11260542B2 (en) * 2019-10-31 2022-03-01 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Universal vacuum cup and method of lifting an object
US20210331331A1 (en) * 2020-04-28 2021-10-28 Joulin Cemma Suction gripper head with a foam body
US12017344B2 (en) * 2020-04-28 2024-06-25 Piab Aktiebolag Suction gripper head with a foam body
US20220161446A1 (en) * 2020-11-25 2022-05-26 The Boeing Company End effector, system and method for picking up and placing an object
US11826904B2 (en) * 2020-11-25 2023-11-28 The Boeing Company End effector, system and method for picking up and placing an object
US11253978B1 (en) * 2021-07-01 2022-02-22 Nemo Power Tools Ltd. Self-holding and self-driving drilling system
US11167396B1 (en) * 2021-07-01 2021-11-09 Nemo Power Tools Ltd. Self-holding and self-driving drilling system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA954910A (en) 1974-09-17
JPS5250339B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1977-12-23
GB1352749A (en) 1974-05-08
DK134478B (da) 1976-11-15
NO137887C (no) 1978-05-24
FR2083347A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1971-12-17
FR2083347B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1976-03-19
DE2112191A1 (de) 1971-10-07
DK134478C (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1977-04-18
NO137887B (no) 1978-02-06
SE391507B (sv) 1977-02-21

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