US3636409A - Electrical ground filter means for boats supplied with a shore-based source of alternating current power - Google Patents

Electrical ground filter means for boats supplied with a shore-based source of alternating current power Download PDF

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Publication number
US3636409A
US3636409A US90254A US3636409DA US3636409A US 3636409 A US3636409 A US 3636409A US 90254 A US90254 A US 90254A US 3636409D A US3636409D A US 3636409DA US 3636409 A US3636409 A US 3636409A
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United States
Prior art keywords
filter means
rectifiers
series
pair
electrical ground
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Expired - Lifetime
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US90254A
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English (en)
Inventor
Frank H Stephens Jr
Paul B Byrne
Edward P Anderson
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Engelhard Minerals and Chemicals Corp
Electrocatalytic Inc
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Engelhard Minerals and Chemicals Corp
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Assigned to ENGELHARD CORPORATION reassignment ENGELHARD CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: PHIBRO CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE
Assigned to CHEMICAL BANK, A NEW YORK BANKING CORP. reassignment CHEMICAL BANK, A NEW YORK BANKING CORP. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ELECTROCATALYTIC, INC., A NJ. CORP.
Assigned to ELECTROCATALYTIC INC. reassignment ELECTROCATALYTIC INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ENGELHARD CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, THE reassignment CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, THE SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ELECTROCATALYTIC LIMITED, ELECTROCATALYTIC, INC.
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/04—Controlling or regulating desired parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J3/00—Driving of auxiliaries
    • B63J3/04—Driving of auxiliaries from power plant other than propulsion power plant
    • B63J2003/043—Driving of auxiliaries from power plant other than propulsion power plant using shore connectors for electric power supply from shore-borne mains, or other electric energy sources external to the vessel, e.g. for docked, or moored vessels

Definitions

  • Two corrosion promoting situations may exist in a boat wired for shore-based power.
  • a galvanic condition exists between the boat and shore-located metal structures. If the boat hull is an aluminum hull, or a fiber glass hull equipped with aluminum outdrives or outboard motors, the aluminum tends to become a sacrificial anode which will corrode away to protect shore-located iron structures.
  • the other situation is that should a boat have a steel hull the galvanic action may not be as highly destructive as with aluminum, but the protection intended from cathodic protection devices with which the boat may be equipped can be seriously attenuated by a parasitic drain through the third wire ground.
  • an electrical ground filter means for boats or other vessels supplied with a shore-based source of alternating current power, such as an appropriate transformer, having current leads and an electrical grounding lead connected between the source of current and a boat or vessels, the ground filter means being connected in series with the grounding lead, the filter means comprising a first pair of rectifiers in series with each other, a second pair of rectifiers in series with each other and of opposite polarity with the first pair, a capacitor or a .pair of capacitors, the pair of capacitors being in series with each other and having opposite polarities, the first and second pairs of rectifiers and the capacitor or the pair of capacitors being connected electrically in parallel of each other.
  • the parallel combination of the capacitor or the pair of capacitors and rectifiers provides low impedance under usual operating current conditions while simultaneously preventing the passage of direct current at low voltages inherent in the corrosion process.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view of an electrical system for a boat supplied with a shore-based source of alternating current power including the filter means of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic circuit representation of the filter means of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a graphic representation of the volt-ampere characteristics of each series connected pair of the rectifier components of the ground filter means
  • FIG. 4 is a graphic representation of the volt-ampere characteristics of the combined pairs of rectifiers in parallel arrangement including alternating current capacitor impedance, and
  • FIG. 5 is a graphic representation of a composite curve showing the volt-ampere characteristics and alternating current capacitor impedance of the parallel combination of rectifier pairs and capacitor means.
  • boat 1 is supplied with a shore-based source of alternating current power comprising a transformer 2 having a primary winding 3 and a secondary winding 4.
  • the power system transfonner output from the secondary winding is grounded by means of grounding lead 5 at the shore location.
  • Current leads 6 and 7 and grounding lead 8 pass from the transformer secondary winding to a location on boat 1,
  • the current leads 6 and 7 are connectable to a power outlet (not shown) on board the boat while the grounding lead 8 is grounded to the boat hull, as at 9, through an electrical ground filter means 11 preferably located on the boat.
  • the ground filter means is connected is series in the grounding lead 8 as more particularly shown in FIG. 2.
  • the filter means comprises a first pair of rectifiers l2 and 13 in series with each other, a second pair of rectifiers 14 and 15 in series with each other and of opposite polarity with the first pair of rectifiers, a capacitor means, for example a pair of capacitors l6 and 17 in series with each other and of opposite polarities, the first and second pairs of rectifiers and the capacitor means, e.g., capacitors l6 and 17, being connected in lead 8 in parallel with each other as shown.
  • the rectifiers are merely schematically shown since in practice the four rectifiers may be manufactured as a single-piece semiconductor device.
  • FIG. 3 shows that at this voltage a current of the order of amperes will flow through a single rectifier (point A). When two such rectifiers are placed electrically in series and 1.1 volt is impressed across this combination, for example rectifiers l2 and 13, the voltage across each rectifier will be approximately 0.55 volt. FIG. 3 shows. that at this voltage the current flowing will be less than 0.001 ampere (point B).
  • the combination of rectifiers has high impedance, e.g., at Ll volt at 0.001 ampere or an apparent resistance of 1,100 ohms, while at high currents a low impedance is observed, e.g., 1.8 volt at 40 amperes or an apparent resistance of 0.045 ohm.
  • the combination of both these pairs of rectifiers performs the required function of a low impedance fault current path while simultaneously preventing the passage of direct current at the low voltages inherent in the corrosion processes.
  • a capacitor means constructed, for example, of a single nonpolar capacitor, or a pair of polarized electrolytic capacitors 16 and 17 which are connected in series with opposing polarities are employed.
  • This capacitor means so arranged with the rectifiers reduces the alternating current terminal impedance of the filter means at potentials below that at which the rectifiers conduct.
  • This type of capacitor means can be made to have a large capacitance at low voltages, for example 014 farad at 3 volts.
  • this capacitor means has an impedance of 0.04 ohm and is shown by the solid line in FIG. 4. This impedance is less than the apparent impedance of the rectifier system of rectifiers 12, 13, 14 and 15 at currents less than 30 amperes alternating current.
  • the parallel combination of capacitors and rectifiers provides low impedance under all current conditions at low power dissipation.
  • the composite volt-ampere characteristics of the filter at a frequency of 60 hertz is illustrated by FIG. 5.
  • the grounding lead 8 is installed to prevent serious electrical shock to the user of faulty electrical devices with shorts or leakage to their enclosure. It is necessary to preserve the electrical integrity of this grounding lead in the event of high short circuit currents which may exceed 1,000 amperes.
  • the rectifiers employed are designed to meet this high fault current requirement.
  • the rectifiers l2, 13, 14 and 15 described each consist of a P- and N-doped silicon semiconductor junction. It is possible to fabricate these four junctions on a single piece of semiconductor material and provide the volt-ampere characteristics shown by the dashed line in FIG. 4.
  • the invention comprises an electrical ground filter for the elimination of corrosive galvanic currents which is series connected between two dissimilar metals disposed in a common electrolyte, the filter having an impedance less than 0.] ohm to alternating currents of 60 hertz and an impedance of at least 1,000 ohms at voltages of up to 0.9 volt direct current and the ability to pass fault currents in of at least 1,000 amperes.
  • An electrical ground filter means for vessels supplied with a shore-based source of alternating current power, current leads and an electrical grounding lead connected between the power source and the vessel, the ground filter means being connected in series with the grounding lead, the filter means comprising a first pair of rectifiers in series with each other, a second pair of rectifiers in series with each other and of opposite polarity with the first pair of rectifiers, a capacitor means, the first and second pairs of rectifiers and the capacitor means being connected electrically in parallel with each other.
  • An electrical ground filter means according to claim 1, wherein the capacitor means comprises a pair of capacitors in series with each other and of opposite polarities.
  • An electrical ground filter means for the elimination of corrosive galvanic currents, the filter means being electrically series connected between two dissimilar metals disposed in a common electrolyte, the filter means having an impedance less than 0.1 ohm to alternating currents of 60 hertz and an impedance of at least 1,000 ohms at voltages of up to 0.9 volt direct current 5.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
US90254A 1970-11-17 1970-11-17 Electrical ground filter means for boats supplied with a shore-based source of alternating current power Expired - Lifetime US3636409A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US9025470A 1970-11-17 1970-11-17

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US3636409A true US3636409A (en) 1972-01-18

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US90254A Expired - Lifetime US3636409A (en) 1970-11-17 1970-11-17 Electrical ground filter means for boats supplied with a shore-based source of alternating current power

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3636409A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS55971B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU470694B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA942829A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2157158C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2113972B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1362593A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT944927B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3769926A (en) * 1971-10-18 1973-11-06 Motorola Inc Marine galvanic control circuit
US3930977A (en) * 1973-01-18 1976-01-06 Dunwood Development Corporation Protection system for equipment and metallic fittings of non-metallic hulls of power boats
US4117345A (en) * 1977-08-22 1978-09-26 Orville Balcom Marine ground isolator
DE3002372A1 (de) * 1980-01-23 1981-07-30 Nikolaj Maksimovič Bašlykov Elektroenergieanlage fuer schiffe
US5321318A (en) * 1992-02-05 1994-06-14 Michel Montreuil Stray current neutralizing method and device
US5574610A (en) * 1994-10-14 1996-11-12 Tachick; Henry N. Electrical isolation device
GB2301840A (en) * 1995-06-08 1996-12-18 At & T Corp Corrosion protection employing alternating voltage
US5627414A (en) * 1995-02-14 1997-05-06 Fordyce M. Brown Automatic marine cathodic protection system using galvanic anodes
US5751530A (en) * 1995-08-18 1998-05-12 Dairyland Electrical Industries, Inc. High power DC blocking device for AC and fault current grounding
US5825170A (en) * 1997-01-24 1998-10-20 Filtre-Expert Magnetically coupled alternating stray current neutralizing method and system
US5840164A (en) * 1996-11-12 1998-11-24 Brunswick Corporation Galvanic isolator
US5856904A (en) * 1996-11-15 1999-01-05 Dairyland Electrical Industries, Inc. Voltage and current based control and triggering for isolator surge protector
US6724589B1 (en) * 1999-09-13 2004-04-20 Donald G. Funderburk Boat electrical test and isolator system
US6806423B1 (en) * 2002-05-23 2004-10-19 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Grounding device for high speed water vehicles
US7064459B1 (en) * 2001-08-20 2006-06-20 Brunswick Corporation Method of inhibiting corrosion of a component of a marine vessel
US20090302687A1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2009-12-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Medium Voltage Land Connection for Marine Vessels
US7817055B1 (en) 2004-12-11 2010-10-19 Eugene Scanlon Boat power isolator adapter
US20150183922A1 (en) * 2012-07-31 2015-07-02 Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. Polyisocyanate composition, solar cell member covering material, solar cell member with cover layer, microcapsule, and binder for ink
US20200308712A1 (en) * 2017-07-07 2020-10-01 Vector Remediation Ltd. Cathodic Corrosion Protection with Current Limiter

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3383520A (en) * 1964-03-09 1968-05-14 Arthur F. Hoffman Utilization of the electrical neutral with cathodic protection
US3477931A (en) * 1965-03-30 1969-11-11 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Method and apparatus for automatic electric corrosion-proofing
US3524081A (en) * 1968-04-04 1970-08-11 Us Army S-filter

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3769926A (en) * 1971-10-18 1973-11-06 Motorola Inc Marine galvanic control circuit
US3930977A (en) * 1973-01-18 1976-01-06 Dunwood Development Corporation Protection system for equipment and metallic fittings of non-metallic hulls of power boats
US4117345A (en) * 1977-08-22 1978-09-26 Orville Balcom Marine ground isolator
DE3002372A1 (de) * 1980-01-23 1981-07-30 Nikolaj Maksimovič Bašlykov Elektroenergieanlage fuer schiffe
US5321318A (en) * 1992-02-05 1994-06-14 Michel Montreuil Stray current neutralizing method and device
US5574610A (en) * 1994-10-14 1996-11-12 Tachick; Henry N. Electrical isolation device
US5627414A (en) * 1995-02-14 1997-05-06 Fordyce M. Brown Automatic marine cathodic protection system using galvanic anodes
GB2301840A (en) * 1995-06-08 1996-12-18 At & T Corp Corrosion protection employing alternating voltage
GB2301840B (en) * 1995-06-08 1997-12-17 At & T Corp Corrosion protection employing alternating voltage
US5751530A (en) * 1995-08-18 1998-05-12 Dairyland Electrical Industries, Inc. High power DC blocking device for AC and fault current grounding
US5840164A (en) * 1996-11-12 1998-11-24 Brunswick Corporation Galvanic isolator
US5856904A (en) * 1996-11-15 1999-01-05 Dairyland Electrical Industries, Inc. Voltage and current based control and triggering for isolator surge protector
US5825170A (en) * 1997-01-24 1998-10-20 Filtre-Expert Magnetically coupled alternating stray current neutralizing method and system
US6724589B1 (en) * 1999-09-13 2004-04-20 Donald G. Funderburk Boat electrical test and isolator system
US7064459B1 (en) * 2001-08-20 2006-06-20 Brunswick Corporation Method of inhibiting corrosion of a component of a marine vessel
US6806423B1 (en) * 2002-05-23 2004-10-19 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Grounding device for high speed water vehicles
US7817055B1 (en) 2004-12-11 2010-10-19 Eugene Scanlon Boat power isolator adapter
US20090302687A1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2009-12-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Medium Voltage Land Connection for Marine Vessels
US8026629B2 (en) * 2005-01-27 2011-09-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Medium voltage land connection for marine vessels
US20150183922A1 (en) * 2012-07-31 2015-07-02 Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. Polyisocyanate composition, solar cell member covering material, solar cell member with cover layer, microcapsule, and binder for ink
US9822212B2 (en) * 2012-07-31 2017-11-21 Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. Polyisocyanate composition, solar cell member covering material, solar cell member with cover layer, microcapsule, and binder for ink
US20200308712A1 (en) * 2017-07-07 2020-10-01 Vector Remediation Ltd. Cathodic Corrosion Protection with Current Limiter
US11781226B2 (en) * 2017-07-07 2023-10-10 Vector Remediation Ltd. Cathodic corrosion protection with current limiter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3575871A (en) 1973-05-24
AU470694B2 (en) 1976-03-25
GB1362593A (en) 1974-08-07
FR2113972B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-06-29
CA942829A (en) 1974-02-26
IT944927B (it) 1973-04-20
FR2113972A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-06-30
DE2157158A1 (de) 1972-05-18
DE2157158B2 (de) 1980-08-14
JPS4710571A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-05-27
DE2157158C3 (de) 1981-12-10
JPS55971B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-01-11

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AS Assignment

Owner name: ENGELHARD CORPORATION 70 WOOD AVENUE SOUTH, METRO

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:PHIBRO CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE;REEL/FRAME:003968/0801

Effective date: 19810518

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Owner name: CHEMICAL BANK, 277 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NEW YORK

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ELECTROCATALYTIC, INC., A NJ. CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004574/0053

Effective date: 19860611

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Owner name: ELECTROCATALYTIC INC., A NEW JERSEY CORP.

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ENGELHARD CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004621/0589

Effective date: 19860611

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Owner name: CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, THE, NEW YORK

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ELECTROCATALYTIC, INC.;ELECTROCATALYTIC LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:006357/0328

Effective date: 19921120