US3630899A - Lubricating method for continuous casting - Google Patents
Lubricating method for continuous casting Download PDFInfo
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- US3630899A US3630899A US809387A US3630899DA US3630899A US 3630899 A US3630899 A US 3630899A US 809387 A US809387 A US 809387A US 3630899D A US3630899D A US 3630899DA US 3630899 A US3630899 A US 3630899A
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- Prior art keywords
- mold
- lubricant
- casting
- lubricating
- oil
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000010499 rapseed oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 STEEL Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- GIWKOZXJDKMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(2+);naphthalene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Pb+2].C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21.C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 GIWKOZXJDKMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-n'-phenylcarbamimidoyl chloride Chemical compound CN(C)C(Cl)=NC1=CC=CC=C1 GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005609 naphthenate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000385 Brassica napus var. napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- SGGOJYZMTYGPCH-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);naphthalene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Mn+2].C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21.C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 SGGOJYZMTYGPCH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009291 secondary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/07—Lubricating the moulds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
- C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/14—Group 7
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/16—Groups 8, 9, or 10
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/242—Hot working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/243—Cold working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
Definitions
- a method of lubricating continuous castings of metals, particularly steel which comprises introducing into the continuous-casting mold during casting a lubricant consisting of a lubricating oil, such as rape oil, in which additives are incorporated for increasing the proportion of carbon-containing constituents in the residues formed in the mold by pyrolytic decomposition.
- a lubricating oil such as rape oil
- the present invention relates to a method of lubricating continuous-castings, for improving the cast products, by introducing an improved lubricant into the continuouscasting mold.
- lubricant In continuous casting lubricant is introduced in the mold to ensure that the casting will slide through the mold satisfactorily. To be suitable, the lubricant must reduce the friction between the wall of the mold and the surface of the casting, but should not adversely affect the quality of the cast product.
- the preferred lubricants are vegetable oils; mineral oils and liquefied paraffins are also frequently used, but these lubricants have several drawbacks.
- Vegetable oils are usually expensive to use.
- the use of major quantities of vegetable oils introduces the risk of increased absorption of hydrogen by the steel and this depreciates the quality of the casting, for instance by causing the appearance of pores in or directly below the surface.
- Mineral oils, which like parafiin oil are frequently used due to their lower cost, have the drawback that their lubricating effect is often insufficient and that their combustion is accompanied by the formation of a sooty flame which obscures the visibility of the mold interior.
- Liquefied paraffins are also unsatisfactory because rather large quantities are required and because special arrangements must be made to keep them liquid in the feed pump and pipes. And, particularly when casting different grades of stainless steel, an undesirable cementation of the surface zone often results.
- the lubricating method of this invention comprises introducing into the mold a lubricant containing additives which will raise the carbon content of the residues formed by pyrolytic decomposition.
- the lubricant of this invention consists of at least two components.
- the principal component which may have a lubricating function, serves as a carrier for other components, namely, for the additives.
- the principal component may be a conventional lubricant oil.
- the suitable lubricating oil contains unsaturated organic compounds, such as appropriate fatty acids or their glycerides, which cannot be easily decomposed into readily volatilized components because their molecules have been linked by suitable additions or catalysts at room temperature, elevated temperature or during pyrolysis by condensation.
- Alternative principal components of the lubricant may be binary, ternary or higher mixtures of mineral oils and vegetable or animal oils, as well as mixtures of unsaturated natural or synthetic fatty acids or oils.
- additives which are soluble in the conventional lubricating oil and which increase the carbon containing content of the residues when at least partial decomposition takes place in the mold at the high temperatures involved.
- the preferred principal component of the lubricant is rape oil, or its practical equivalent colza oil, which possesses a high lubricity besides burning with a nearly smokeless flame.
- the purpose of the additives is to increase the proportion of carbon-containing residues that form by pyrolysis and thus to improve the normal lubricity of the principal component alone, so that the lubricant substantially prevents sticking of the skin of the casting to the walls of the mold.
- a suitable addition is preferably lead naphthenate. It has been found, for example, that an addition to rape oil of 0.53% of lead napthenate having a lead content of 30% will raise the carbonization factor (which indicates the quantity of residue formed by pyrolysis) from 0.5% to 0.98%. This increase in the quantity of residue, particularly of the carbon-containing part of the residue, improves substantially the lubricating efiect. Consequently, less lubricant is required. This reduces the cost of properly lubricating the mold and also reduces other undesirable secondary effects of previously used lubricants on the quality of the cast steel, such as hydrogen absorption.
- cobalt and/or manganese naphthenate is added to the principal component.
- cobalt naphthenate is used as the sole additive, it has been found that an addition to rape oil in an amount between 0.1% and 5.0% by weight of cobalt napththenate, having a cobalt content of about 8% by weight, also raises the carbonization factor to the desired level.
- Another suitable additive is high vacuum bitumen which can, for example, be added to rape oil in an amount of 1.0% to 10.0% by Weight dissolved by an intermediate solvent such as dioctylphtalate.
- the casting apparatus was set up to continuously cast a bar of steel having a cross section of 115 x 115 mm.
- steel having a carbon content of 0.2% was poured from a suitable vessel into a cooled oscillating open-ended mold and a casting containing a liquid steel core was continuously withdrawn from the mold at a rate of 2.4 meters per minute.
- the mold was lubricated by introducing a lubricant consisting of rape oil, to which was added 0.88% (by volume) lead naphthenate having a content of 30% by weight of lead.
- the quantity of the addition of the lead naphthenate could have been varied between 0.1% to 5.0% by weight depending upon the casting conditions.
- the surface of the casting is better and the formation of pores due to hydrogen absorption is less, and the lead naphthenate, which dissolves in the rape oil, does not form deposits in the oil pipes so that metering and distribution of the lubricant present no difiiculties.
- the lead naphthenate which dissolves in the rape oil, does not form deposits in the oil pipes so that metering and distribution of the lubricant present no difiiculties.
- visibility into the interior of the mold is improved since there is less smoky flaming.
- a method of lubricating the casting mold during the continuous casting of metals which comprises introducing into the casting mold a lubricant consisting of at least two components, one of which is a major component, and the other of which is an additive present in a minor amount, said additive being soluble in said major component and being effective to increase the proportion of carbon containing constituents in the residues formed in the mold by pyrolytic decomposition of the lubricant due to the heat of the metal being cast, said major component being a lubricating oil selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils, animal oils and mineral oils, and said additive being selected from the group consisting of lead napthenate, cobalt naphthenate, and manganese naphthemate.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
A METHOD OF LUBRICATING CONTINUOUS CASTINGS OF METALS, PARTICULARLY STEEL, WHICH COMPRISES INTRODUCING INTO THE CONTINUOUS-CASTING MOLD DURING CASTING A LUBRICANT CONSISTING OF A LUBRICATING OIL, SUCH AS RAPE OIL, IN WHICH ADDITIVES ARE INCORPORATED FOR INCREASING THE PROPORTION OF CARBON-CONTAINING CONSTITUENTS IN THE RESIDUES FORMED IN THE MOLD BY PYROLYTIC DECOMPOSITION.
Description
United States Patent O LUBRICATING METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING Peter J. Koenig, Zumikon, Switzerland, assignor to Concast Aktiengesellschaft, Zurich, Switzerland No Drawing. Filed Mar. 21, 1969, Ser. No. 809,387 Claims priority, application Switzerland, Mar. 25, 1968, 4,395/68 Int. Cl. (310m 1/26 US. Cl. 252-37 6 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method of lubricating continuous castings of metals, particularly steel, which comprises introducing into the continuous-casting mold during casting a lubricant consisting of a lubricating oil, such as rape oil, in which additives are incorporated for increasing the proportion of carbon-containing constituents in the residues formed in the mold by pyrolytic decomposition.
The present invention relates to a method of lubricating continuous-castings, for improving the cast products, by introducing an improved lubricant into the continuouscasting mold.
BACKGROUND In continuous casting lubricant is introduced in the mold to ensure that the casting will slide through the mold satisfactorily. To be suitable, the lubricant must reduce the friction between the wall of the mold and the surface of the casting, but should not adversely affect the quality of the cast product.
At present the preferred lubricants are vegetable oils; mineral oils and liquefied paraffins are also frequently used, but these lubricants have several drawbacks.
Vegetable oils are usually expensive to use. In addition, the use of major quantities of vegetable oils introduces the risk of increased absorption of hydrogen by the steel and this depreciates the quality of the casting, for instance by causing the appearance of pores in or directly below the surface. Mineral oils, which like parafiin oil are frequently used due to their lower cost, have the drawback that their lubricating effect is often insufficient and that their combustion is accompanied by the formation of a sooty flame which obscures the visibility of the mold interior.
Liquefied paraffins are also unsatisfactory because rather large quantities are required and because special arrangements must be made to keep them liquid in the feed pump and pipes. And, particularly when casting different grades of stainless steel, an undesirable cementation of the surface zone often results.
For reasons of economy as well as of maintaining the quality of the cast product it is therefore desirable to use the minimum amount of lubricant although the resultant high friction may cause the casting to stick in the mold. This leads to the appearance of surface flaws and cracks and may even cause break-throughs.
It has therefore been proposed to introduce additives into the liquid lubricant to improve its lubricating effect on the casting. Graphite has been suggested as a possible solid additive. However, graphite forms a sediment and leaves deposits in the pipes of the lubricant supply system. This interferes with accurate metering of the lubricant; it also prevents uniform distribution of the graphite and causes friction so that portions of the casting tend to stick and cause cracks which may result in break-throughs.
OBJECT It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of lubricating continuous-castings as they" are "ice formed in a mold by introducing into the mold a lubricant containing at least an additive, which lubricant avoids the above-described drawbacks, particularly those of high lubricant consumption and of impairing the quality of the cast product.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It is believed that the residues formed by pyrolytic decomposition inside the mold have an important influence upon the lubricating effect, and in accordance with the foregoing object the lubricating method of this invention comprises introducing into the mold a lubricant containing additives which will raise the carbon content of the residues formed by pyrolytic decomposition.
The lubricant of this invention consists of at least two components. The principal component, which may have a lubricating function, serves as a carrier for other components, namely, for the additives. The principal component may be a conventional lubricant oil. The suitable lubricating oil contains unsaturated organic compounds, such as appropriate fatty acids or their glycerides, which cannot be easily decomposed into readily volatilized components because their molecules have been linked by suitable additions or catalysts at room temperature, elevated temperature or during pyrolysis by condensation. Alternative principal components of the lubricant may be binary, ternary or higher mixtures of mineral oils and vegetable or animal oils, as well as mixtures of unsaturated natural or synthetic fatty acids or oils.
To these principal components may be added additives which are soluble in the conventional lubricating oil and which increase the carbon containing content of the residues when at least partial decomposition takes place in the mold at the high temperatures involved.
The preferred principal component of the lubricant is rape oil, or its practical equivalent colza oil, which possesses a high lubricity besides burning with a nearly smokeless flame.
The purpose of the additives is to increase the proportion of carbon-containing residues that form by pyrolysis and thus to improve the normal lubricity of the principal component alone, so that the lubricant substantially prevents sticking of the skin of the casting to the walls of the mold. A suitable addition is preferably lead naphthenate. It has been found, for example, that an addition to rape oil of 0.53% of lead napthenate having a lead content of 30% will raise the carbonization factor (which indicates the quantity of residue formed by pyrolysis) from 0.5% to 0.98%. This increase in the quantity of residue, particularly of the carbon-containing part of the residue, improves substantially the lubricating efiect. Consequently, less lubricant is required. This reduces the cost of properly lubricating the mold and also reduces other undesirable secondary effects of previously used lubricants on the quality of the cast steel, such as hydrogen absorption.
Further suitable additives can be used from the group of metal naphthenates and it is evident that, within the scope of this invention, these naphthenates can be used alone and in combination. Preferably cobalt and/or manganese naphthenate is added to the principal component. For example, if cobalt naphthenate is used as the sole additive, it has been found that an addition to rape oil in an amount between 0.1% and 5.0% by weight of cobalt napththenate, having a cobalt content of about 8% by weight, also raises the carbonization factor to the desired level. Another suitable additive is high vacuum bitumen which can, for example, be added to rape oil in an amount of 1.0% to 10.0% by Weight dissolved by an intermediate solvent such as dioctylphtalate.
An example of a lubricant formulation applied in accordance with the invention for the continuous casting of steel is as follows:
The casting apparatus was set up to continuously cast a bar of steel having a cross section of 115 x 115 mm. For this purpose steel having a carbon content of 0.2% was poured from a suitable vessel into a cooled oscillating open-ended mold and a casting containing a liquid steel core was continuously withdrawn from the mold at a rate of 2.4 meters per minute. The mold was lubricated by introducing a lubricant consisting of rape oil, to which was added 0.88% (by volume) lead naphthenate having a content of 30% by weight of lead. The quantity of the addition of the lead naphthenate could have been varied between 0.1% to 5.0% by weight depending upon the casting conditions. Whereas in the past casting produced under the same conditions and using 0.07 liter of rape oil per metric ton of steel without any such addition resulted in a noticeable amount of sticking of the steel in the corners and at the mold surfaces, no such undesirable sticking of the steel occurred when the rape oil was used with the aforesaid addition of lead naphthenate under otherwise the same conditions. When using a rape oil lead naphthenate combination in accordance with this invention the amount of lubrican required may be reduced to 0.04 liter of rape oil per metric ton of steel without causing flaws due to insufficient lubrication. By thus being able to provide good lubrication with about half the amount of lubricant previously required considerable economy is achieved. Moreover by thus being able to lubricate with less lubricant the surface of the casting is better and the formation of pores due to hydrogen absorption is less, and the lead naphthenate, which dissolves in the rape oil, does not form deposits in the oil pipes so that metering and distribution of the lubricant present no difiiculties. In addition, owing to the reduced rate of lubricant supply, visibility into the interior of the mold is improved since there is less smoky flaming.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of lubricating the casting mold during the continuous casting of metals, which comprises introducing into the casting mold a lubricant consisting of at least two components, one of which is a major component, and the other of which is an additive present in a minor amount, said additive being soluble in said major component and being effective to increase the proportion of carbon containing constituents in the residues formed in the mold by pyrolytic decomposition of the lubricant due to the heat of the metal being cast, said major component being a lubricating oil selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils, animal oils and mineral oils, and said additive being selected from the group consisting of lead napthenate, cobalt naphthenate, and manganese naphthemate.
2. The method of claim 1 in which said lubricating oil is rape oil.
3. The method of claim 1 in which said lubricating oil is rape oil and in which said additives is lead naphthenate from about 0.1% to about 5.0% by weight, said lead naphthenate having a lead content of about 30% by weight.
4. The method of claim 3 for lubricating a continuuous casting of steel having a carbon content of about 0.2% and being withdrawn from the mold at a rate of about 2.5 meters per minute, which includes introducing said rape oil and incorporated lead naphthenate into the mold at a rate of about 0.04 liters per metric ton of steel.
5. The method of claim 1 in which said lubricating oil is rape oil and in which said additive is cobalt naphthenate from about 0.1% to about 5.0% by weight having a cobalt content of about 8% by weight.
6. The method of claim 1 in which said lubricating oil is rape oil and in which said additive is high vacuum bitumen from about 1.0% to about 10.0% by weight, said high vacuum bitumen being dissolved in an equal amount of solvent prior to addition to the rape oil.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,231,259 6/1917 Johnson, Jr. -130 2,151,285 3/1939 Towssaint 252-37 2,258,930 10/1941 Haefner et a1. 252-59 2,456,824 12/1948 Fischer 252-37 2,837,791 6/1958 Tessmann 164-73 3,223,635 12/1965 Dwyer et a1 252-56 OTHER REFERENCES Grause et al.: Chemical Technology of Petroleum, 3rd ed. (1960), pp. 580 to 585.
DANIEL E. WYMAN, Primary Examiner W. H. CANNON, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH439568A CH478611A (en) | 1968-03-25 | 1968-03-25 | Procedure for the lubrication of the strand during the continuous casting of metal |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3630899A true US3630899A (en) | 1971-12-28 |
Family
ID=4275315
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US809387A Expired - Lifetime US3630899A (en) | 1968-03-25 | 1969-03-21 | Lubricating method for continuous casting |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3630899A (en) |
CH (1) | CH478611A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1913308C3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1224596A (en) |
SE (1) | SE367557B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU6054186A (en) * | 1985-11-04 | 1987-05-07 | Aluminium Company Of America | Parting composition |
-
1968
- 1968-03-25 CH CH439568A patent/CH478611A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1969
- 1969-03-15 DE DE1913308A patent/DE1913308C3/en not_active Expired
- 1969-03-21 SE SE03945/69A patent/SE367557B/xx unknown
- 1969-03-21 US US809387A patent/US3630899A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1969-03-24 GB GB05384/69A patent/GB1224596A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1913308C3 (en) | 1974-01-03 |
DE1913308A1 (en) | 1969-10-09 |
CH478611A (en) | 1969-09-30 |
GB1224596A (en) | 1971-03-10 |
SE367557B (en) | 1974-06-04 |
DE1913308B2 (en) | 1973-03-22 |
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