US3629739A - Reflection-type digital phase shifter - Google Patents
Reflection-type digital phase shifter Download PDFInfo
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- US3629739A US3629739A US858229A US3629739DA US3629739A US 3629739 A US3629739 A US 3629739A US 858229 A US858229 A US 858229A US 3629739D A US3629739D A US 3629739DA US 3629739 A US3629739 A US 3629739A
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- inner conductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/06—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters
- H03M1/08—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters of noise
Definitions
- a reflection-type digital phase shifter which may also be called a path length modulator is disclosed comprising a waveguide, a pair of diodes interconnecting first and second opposite walls of the waveguide, and a center conductor of a coaxial cable extending through a third wall of the waveguide to bias the diodes.
- the digital phase shifter comprises a wave guide, opposite walls of which are interconnected by a pair of diodes.
- the diodes are biased by a signal produced in the A-to-D converter and applied to the diodes by the inner conductor of a coaxial cable that extends through an end wall in the waveguide.
- the diode characteristics are arranged with respect to the waveguide characteristics such that when the diodes are biased in one direction they are at series resonance and hence constitute a virtual short circuit across the waveguide. When they are biased in the opposite direction, the diodes form a parallel resonance with the end wall of the waveguide and constitute a virtual open circuit.
- the waveguide is preferably rectangular and transmits carrier energy in a TE, mode while the coaxial cable transmits diode bias energy in the TEM mode.
- the TE carrier energy is restricted to the waveguide and cannot be transmitted by the cable.
- the diodes When the diodes are biased to obtain parallel resonance they will shift the phase by 180 with respect to the phase shift obtained at series resonance. Since the diode bias changes only in response to a changed phase of the input to the stage, the carrier output of the phase shifter is of a constant phase regardless ofthe carrier input phase.
- HO. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the digital phase shifter.
- FIG. 2 is a view taken along lines 2-2 of FIG. 1.
- a digital phase shifter 31 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- This device comprises a rectangular waveguide 37, a coaxial cable 38, and a pair of high-speed diodes 39.
- Waveguide 37 is connected to a circulator 32 in FIG. 4 of US. Pat. No. 3,460,122 and a cable 38 is connected to a low-pass filter 29 in the same figure.
- the pair of high-speed diodes 39 preferably Shottky barrier hot carrier) or other varieties of low-minority carrier storage varactor diodes.
- the diodes 39 are connected to an inner conductor 40 of the coaxial cable 38 which extends through an end wall 41 of the rectangular waveguide.
- the outer conductor 43 of the coaxial cable 38 is directly connected to the end wall 41 of the waveguide.
- the inner conductor 40 forward biases or reverse biases the diodes 39 depending upon whether a digital voltage E applied by coaxial cable 38 is of the positive or negative polarity.
- a digital voltage E applied by coaxial cable 38 is of the positive or negative polarity.
- the diodes 39 are reverse biased due to a negative volt age E their series capacitance and series inductance are adjusted to be at series resonance.
- Waveguide stubs 44 are included on the upper and lower walls of the waveguide 37 for providing an appropriate length 1, for giving series resonance at reverse bias.
- the series resonance results in a virtual short circuit across the waveguide plane that includes diodes 39 so that a carrier energy E, applied by waveguide 37 is reflected back to the circulator as E, with, for example, phase shift.
- the length 1 between the diodes and the waveguide end wall 41 is adjusted so that when the diodes are forward biased the waveguide section of length l,, forms a capacitance that is in parallel resonance with the inductance of the diodes. This results in a virtual open circuit at the plane of the diodes and gives a relative 180 phase shift to the incoming carrier energy. Hence, E, is shifted by 1r radians with respect to E, when the diodes 39 are forward biased.
- the rectangular waveguide 37 propagates energy in a TE, mode so that the electric field vectors e, extend between the upper and lower waveguide walls.
- the electric field vectors e; of the coaxial cable extend radially from the central conductor 40 to the outer conductor 43 of the cable. Transmission of e is similar to strip line propagation in the region in which vectors e extend from the central conductor 40 to the upper and lower walls of the waveguide. Because of these different modes of propagation, the waveguide carrier energy cannot propagate into the coaxial cable and the coaxial cable energy cannot propagate into the waveguide. However, the characteristic impedance of the strip line portion to the fields e should be substantially equal to the characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable for efficient transmission of E, to the diodes. Because all of the energy transmitted within the device 31 propagates as wave energy, spurious reactances are minimized, and the digital phase shifter is capable of operating at extremely high speeds.
- a digital phase shifter comprising:
- a waveguide having an end wall for controllably reflecting wave energy from a source
- means for biasing said diodes in either a first or a second direction comprising a coaxial cable having an outer conductor connected to the end wall and an inner conductor extending through an aperture in the end wall and contacting the diodes;
- one diode being located between the top waveguide wall and the inner conductor and the second diode being located between the bottom waveguide wall and the inner conductor, both of said diodes being biased in the forward direction in response to a first voltage on the inner conductor and in a reverse direction in response to a second voltage on the inner conductor;
- top and bottom walls including waveguide stubs in which said interconnection is connected for giving an appropriate interconnection length and thereby placing the diodes at series resonance when they are reversed biased;
- said diodes being located at an appropriate distance from the end wall for placing the diodes at parallel resonance with the end wall capacitance when the diodes are forward biased.
- a digital phase shifter comprising:
- a portion of a waveguide having first and second walls that are approximately parallel to each other and a third wall connecting said first and second walls and defining a cavity therebetween, said waveguide being adapted for a propagation of electromagnetic waves having an electric vector that is approximately perpendicular to said first and second walls;
- a coaxial cable comprising an outer conductor and an inner conductor, said outer conductor abutting upon and being connected to said third wall of the waveguide and a portion of said inner conductor extending into the cavity through an aperture in the third wall;
- an interconnection extending between first and second walls of the waveguide and including one diode located between the first wall of the waveguide and the portion of the inner conductor of the coaxial cable that extends through the aperture in the third wall of the waveguide and a second diode located between the second wall of the waveguide and said inner conductor, said interconnection being at series resonance when both diodes are biased in a first direction and at parallel resonance when both diodes are biased in the opposite direction, whereby wave energy is reflected with a phase difference at one diode bias with respect to energy reflected at the op posite diode bias,
- said first and said second walls include waveguide stubs at which said interconnection is connected for giving an appropriate interconnection length and thereby placing the diodes at series resonance when they are reverse biased;
- the diodes are located at an appropriate distance from an end wall that is part of the third wall of the waveguide for placing the diodes when they are forward biased in parallel resonance with the capacitance of that part of the waveguide between the diodes and the end wall.
- the digital phase shifter of claim 2 wherein the waveguide propagates wave energy in a mode characterized by electric field vectors that extend between the first and second waveguide walls while the coaxial cable propagates said bias energy in a mode characterized by field vectors that extend radially from the inner conductor, whereby said wave energy is substantially restricted to the waveguide and the bias energy is substantially precluded from propagating beyond said interconnection 6.
- the digital phase shifter of claim 2 wherein:
- the portion of the waveguide through which the inner conductor of the coaxial cable extends substantially forms with the inner conductor a strip line portion along which bias energy propagates from the coaxial cable to the diode
- the characteristic impedance of the strip line portion is substantially equal to that of the coaxial cable.
- a digital phase shifter comprising:
- a waveguide having an end wall for controllably reflecting wave energy from a source
- first major surface of said end wall being on the inside of said waveguide and a second major surface being on the outside of said waveguide;
- said waveguide includes waveguide stubs to which said interconnection is connected for giving an appropriate interconnection length and thereby placing the diodes at series resonance when they are reversed biased;
- the diodes are located at an appropriate distance from the end wall for placing the diodes when they are forward biased at parallel resonance with the capacitance of that part of the waveguide between the diodes and the end wall.
- -means for biasing said diodes in either a first or second direction comprising a coaxial cable having an outer conductor abutting upon the second major surface of the end wall and an inner conductor extending through an aperture in the end wall and contacting one diode located between one point on the waveguide and the inner conductor and a second diode located between the opposite point on the waveguide and the inner conductor;
- said interconnection being at series resonance when the diodes are biased in the first direction and in parallel resonance when thediodes are biased in the second direction, whereby the wave energy is reflected with a 180 degree phase difference at one diode bias with respect to energy reflected at the opposite diode bias.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
Abstract
A reflection-type digital phase shifter, which may also be called a path length modulator is disclosed comprising a waveguide, a pair of diodes interconnecting first and second opposite walls of the waveguide, and a center conductor of a coaxial cable extending through a third wall of the waveguide to bias the diodes.
Description
United States Patent inventors Mark R. Barber Summit; Reed E. Fisher, Parsippany-Troy Hills Township, Morris County, both oi NJ. Appl. No. 858,229 Filed Aug. 4, 1969 Patented Dec. 21, 1971 Assignee Bell Telephone Laboratories Incorporated 1 Murray Hill, NJ.
Original application Feb. 23, 1966, Ser. No. 529,453, now Patent No. 3,460,122, dated Aug. 5, 1969. Divided and this application Aug. 4, 1969, Ser. No. 858,229
REFLECTION-TYPE DIGITAL PHASE SHIFTER 9 Claims, 2 Drawing Figs.
, 333/73 W, 333/98 1nt.Cl li03h 7/18 Field oiSearch 333/3i,7,
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Thomas"; Morrison. De Poy Hines Munushian Peppiatt Koueiter.
Primary Examiner-Herman Karl Saalbach Assistant Examiner-C. Baraff Attorney-R. .1. (iuenther and ArthurJ. Torsiglieri ABSTRACT: A reflection-type digital phase shifter, which may also be called a path length modulator is disclosed comprising a waveguide, a pair of diodes interconnecting first and second opposite walls of the waveguide, and a center conductor of a coaxial cable extending through a third wall of the waveguide to bias the diodes.
REFLECTION-TYPE DIGITAL PHASE SHIFTER This application is a division of US. Pat. application Ser. No. 529,453, filed Feb. 23, 1966, which issued as US. Pat. No. 3,460,122 on Aug. 5, 1969. This application incorporates essential material contained in U.S. Pat. No. 3,460,122. US. Pat. No. 3,460,122 describes apparatus for converting analog voltage signals to voltage binary digits representative of such signals. A part of this A-to-D apparatus is a reflection-type digital phase shifter. This digital phase shifter is the subject of this application.
The digital phase shifter comprises a wave guide, opposite walls of which are interconnected by a pair of diodes. The diodes are biased by a signal produced in the A-to-D converter and applied to the diodes by the inner conductor of a coaxial cable that extends through an end wall in the waveguide. The diode characteristics are arranged with respect to the waveguide characteristics such that when the diodes are biased in one direction they are at series resonance and hence constitute a virtual short circuit across the waveguide. When they are biased in the opposite direction, the diodes form a parallel resonance with the end wall of the waveguide and constitute a virtual open circuit. The waveguide is preferably rectangular and transmits carrier energy in a TE, mode while the coaxial cable transmits diode bias energy in the TEM mode. With proper coaxial cable dimensions as will be explained later, the TE, carrier energy is restricted to the waveguide and cannot be transmitted by the cable. When the diodes are biased to obtain parallel resonance they will shift the phase by 180 with respect to the phase shift obtained at series resonance. Since the diode bias changes only in response to a changed phase of the input to the stage, the carrier output of the phase shifter is of a constant phase regardless ofthe carrier input phase.
These and other objects and features of the invention will be more fully understood from a consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which:
HO. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the digital phase shifter; and
FIG. 2 is a view taken along lines 2-2 of FIG. 1.
A digital phase shifter 31 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. This device comprises a rectangular waveguide 37, a coaxial cable 38, and a pair of high-speed diodes 39. Waveguide 37 is connected to a circulator 32 in FIG. 4 of US. Pat. No. 3,460,122 and a cable 38 is connected to a low-pass filter 29 in the same figure. Connected across the rectangular waveguide are the pair of high-speed diodes 39, preferably Shottky barrier hot carrier) or other varieties of low-minority carrier storage varactor diodes. The diodes 39 are connected to an inner conductor 40 of the coaxial cable 38 which extends through an end wall 41 of the rectangular waveguide. The outer conductor 43 of the coaxial cable 38 is directly connected to the end wall 41 of the waveguide.
The inner conductor 40 forward biases or reverse biases the diodes 39 depending upon whether a digital voltage E applied by coaxial cable 38 is of the positive or negative polarity. When the diodes 39 are reverse biased due to a negative volt age E their series capacitance and series inductance are adjusted to be at series resonance. Waveguide stubs 44 are included on the upper and lower walls of the waveguide 37 for providing an appropriate length 1, for giving series resonance at reverse bias. The series resonance results in a virtual short circuit across the waveguide plane that includes diodes 39 so that a carrier energy E, applied by waveguide 37 is reflected back to the circulator as E, with, for example, phase shift. The length 1 between the diodes and the waveguide end wall 41 is adjusted so that when the diodes are forward biased the waveguide section of length l,, forms a capacitance that is in parallel resonance with the inductance of the diodes. This results in a virtual open circuit at the plane of the diodes and gives a relative 180 phase shift to the incoming carrier energy. Hence, E, is shifted by 1r radians with respect to E, when the diodes 39 are forward biased.
The rectangular waveguide 37 propagates energy in a TE, mode so that the electric field vectors e, extend between the upper and lower waveguide walls. The electric field vectors e; of the coaxial cable, on the other hand, extend radially from the central conductor 40 to the outer conductor 43 of the cable. Transmission of e is similar to strip line propagation in the region in which vectors e extend from the central conductor 40 to the upper and lower walls of the waveguide. Because of these different modes of propagation, the waveguide carrier energy cannot propagate into the coaxial cable and the coaxial cable energy cannot propagate into the waveguide. However, the characteristic impedance of the strip line portion to the fields e should be substantially equal to the characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable for efficient transmission of E, to the diodes. Because all of the energy transmitted within the device 31 propagates as wave energy, spurious reactances are minimized, and the digital phase shifter is capable of operating at extremely high speeds.
The specific structure disclosed herein is presented only for purpose of illustration. Various other modifications and embodiments may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
What is claimed is:
1. A digital phase shifter comprising:
a waveguide having an end wall for controllably reflecting wave energy from a source;
an interconnection extending between top and bottom walls of the waveguide and including at least two diodes;
means for biasing said diodes in either a first or a second direction comprising a coaxial cable having an outer conductor connected to the end wall and an inner conductor extending through an aperture in the end wall and contacting the diodes;
one diode being located between the top waveguide wall and the inner conductor and the second diode being located between the bottom waveguide wall and the inner conductor, both of said diodes being biased in the forward direction in response to a first voltage on the inner conductor and in a reverse direction in response to a second voltage on the inner conductor;
said top and bottom walls including waveguide stubs in which said interconnection is connected for giving an appropriate interconnection length and thereby placing the diodes at series resonance when they are reversed biased; and
said diodes being located at an appropriate distance from the end wall for placing the diodes at parallel resonance with the end wall capacitance when the diodes are forward biased.
2. A digital phase shifter comprising:
a portion of a waveguide having first and second walls that are approximately parallel to each other and a third wall connecting said first and second walls and defining a cavity therebetween, said waveguide being adapted for a propagation of electromagnetic waves having an electric vector that is approximately perpendicular to said first and second walls;
a coaxial cable comprising an outer conductor and an inner conductor, said outer conductor abutting upon and being connected to said third wall of the waveguide and a portion of said inner conductor extending into the cavity through an aperture in the third wall; and
an interconnection extending between first and second walls of the waveguide and including one diode located between the first wall of the waveguide and the portion of the inner conductor of the coaxial cable that extends through the aperture in the third wall of the waveguide and a second diode located between the second wall of the waveguide and said inner conductor, said interconnection being at series resonance when both diodes are biased in a first direction and at parallel resonance when both diodes are biased in the opposite direction, whereby wave energy is reflected with a phase difference at one diode bias with respect to energy reflected at the op posite diode bias,
3. The digital phase shifter of claim 2 wherein both of said diodes are biased in the forward direction in response to a first voltage on the inner conductor and in the reverse direction in response to a second voltage on the inner conductor.
4. The digital phase shifter of claim 3 wherein:
said first and said second walls include waveguide stubs at which said interconnection is connected for giving an appropriate interconnection length and thereby placing the diodes at series resonance when they are reverse biased; and
the diodes are located at an appropriate distance from an end wall that is part of the third wall of the waveguide for placing the diodes when they are forward biased in parallel resonance with the capacitance of that part of the waveguide between the diodes and the end wall.
57 The digital phase shifter of claim 2 wherein the waveguide propagates wave energy in a mode characterized by electric field vectors that extend between the first and second waveguide walls while the coaxial cable propagates said bias energy in a mode characterized by field vectors that extend radially from the inner conductor, whereby said wave energy is substantially restricted to the waveguide and the bias energy is substantially precluded from propagating beyond said interconnection 6. The digital phase shifter of claim 2 wherein:
the portion of the waveguide through which the inner conductor of the coaxial cable extends substantially forms with the inner conductor a strip line portion along which bias energy propagates from the coaxial cable to the diode, and
the characteristic impedance of the strip line portion is substantially equal to that of the coaxial cable.
7. A digital phase shifter comprising:
a waveguide having an end wall for controllably reflecting wave energy from a source,
a first major surface of said end wall being on the inside of said waveguide and a second major surface being on the outside of said waveguide;
an interconnection extending between opposite points of the waveguide and including at least two diodes;
84 The digital phase shifter of claim 7 wherein both of said diodes are biased in the forward direction in response to a first voltage on the inner conductor and a reverse direction in response to a second voltage on the inner conductor.
9. The digital phase shifter of claim 8 wherein:
said waveguide includes waveguide stubs to which said interconnection is connected for giving an appropriate interconnection length and thereby placing the diodes at series resonance when they are reversed biased; and
the diodes are located at an appropriate distance from the end wall for placing the diodes when they are forward biased at parallel resonance with the capacitance of that part of the waveguide between the diodes and the end wall.
I. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF .CQRRECTION Patent No a 6 29 739 Datedw Mark". lit Barber; Reed E. Fisher- It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Claim 7', continue as follows:
-means for biasing said diodes in either a first or second direction comprising a coaxial cable having an outer conductor abutting upon the second major surface of the end wall and an inner conductor extending through an aperture in the end wall and contacting one diode located between one point on the waveguide and the inner conductor and a second diode located between the opposite point on the waveguide and the inner conductor;
said interconnection being at series resonance when the diodes are biased in the first direction and in parallel resonance when thediodes are biased in the second direction, whereby the wave energy is reflected with a 180 degree phase difference at one diode bias with respect to energy reflected at the opposite diode bias.-.
Signed and sealed this 30th day of May 1972.
(SEAL) Attest:
EDWARD M.-FLL.'TCHER ,J'R. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK AttestingvOfficer Commissioner of Patents I FORM PO-1050 H0- USCOMM-DC 60376-P69 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1969 0-368-334
Claims (9)
1. A digital phase shifter comprising: a waveguide having an end wall for controllably reflecting wave energy from a source; an interconnection extending between top and bottom walls of the waveguide and including at least two diodes; means for biasing said diodes in either a first or a second direction comprising a coaxial cable having an outer conductor connected to the end wall and an inner conductor extending through an aperture in the end wall and contacting the diodes; one diode being located between the top waveguide wall and the inner conductor and the second diode being located between the bottom waveguide wall and the inner conductor, both of said diodes being biased in the forward direction in response to a first voltage on the inner conductor and in a reverse direction in response to a second voltage on the inner conductor; said top and bottom walls including waveguide stubs in which said interconnection is connected for giVing an appropriate interconnection length and thereby placing the diodes at series resonance when they are reversed biased; and said diodes being located at an appropriate distance from the end wall for placing the diodes at parallel resonance with the end wall capacitance when the diodes are forward biased.
2. A digital phase shifter comprising: a portion of a waveguide having first and second walls that are approximately parallel to each other and a third wall connecting said first and second walls and defining a cavity therebetween, said waveguide being adapted for a propagation of electromagnetic waves having an electric vector that is approximately perpendicular to said first and second walls; a coaxial cable comprising an outer conductor and an inner conductor, said outer conductor abutting upon and being connected to said third wall of the waveguide and a portion of said inner conductor extending into the cavity through an aperture in the third wall; and an interconnection extending between first and second walls of the waveguide and including one diode located between the first wall of the waveguide and the portion of the inner conductor of the coaxial cable that extends through the aperture in the third wall of the waveguide and a second diode located between the second wall of the waveguide and said inner conductor, said interconnection being at series resonance when both diodes are biased in a first direction and at parallel resonance when both diodes are biased in the opposite direction, whereby wave energy is reflected with a 180* phase difference at one diode bias with respect to energy reflected at the opposite diode bias.
3. The digital phase shifter of claim 2 wherein both of said diodes are biased in the forward direction in response to a first voltage on the inner conductor and in the reverse direction in response to a second voltage on the inner conductor.
4. The digital phase shifter of claim 3 wherein: said first and said second walls include waveguide stubs at which said interconnection is connected for giving an appropriate interconnection length and thereby placing the diodes at series resonance when they are reverse biased; and the diodes are located at an appropriate distance from an end wall that is part of the third wall of the waveguide for placing the diodes when they are forward biased in parallel resonance with the capacitance of that part of the waveguide between the diodes and the end wall.
5. The digital phase shifter of claim 2 wherein the waveguide propagates wave energy in a mode characterized by electric field vectors that extend between the first and second waveguide walls while the coaxial cable propagates said bias energy in a mode characterized by field vectors that extend radially from the inner conductor, whereby said wave energy is substantially restricted to the waveguide and the bias energy is substantially precluded from propagating beyond said interconnection.
6. The digital phase shifter of claim 2 wherein: the portion of the waveguide through which the inner conductor of the coaxial cable extends substantially forms with the inner conductor a strip line portion along which bias energy propagates from the coaxial cable to the diode, and the characteristic impedance of the strip line portion is substantially equal to that of the coaxial cable.
7. A digital phase shifter comprising: a waveguide having an end wall for controllably reflecting wave energy from a source, a first major surface of said end wall being on the inside of said waveguide and a second major surface being on the outside of said waveguide; an interconnection extending between opposite points of the waveguide and including at least two diodes;
8. The digital phase shifter of claim 7 wherein both of said diodes are biased in the forward direction in response to a first voltage on the inner conductor and a reverse direction in response to a second voltage on the inneR conductor.
9. The digital phase shifter of claim 8 wherein: said waveguide includes waveguide stubs to which said interconnection is connected for giving an appropriate interconnection length and thereby placing the diodes at series resonance when they are reversed biased; and the diodes are located at an appropriate distance from the end wall for placing the diodes when they are forward biased at parallel resonance with the capacitance of that part of the waveguide between the diodes and the end wall.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US52945366A | 1966-02-23 | 1966-02-23 | |
| US85822969A | 1969-08-04 | 1969-08-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3629739A true US3629739A (en) | 1971-12-21 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US858229A Expired - Lifetime US3629739A (en) | 1966-02-23 | 1969-08-04 | Reflection-type digital phase shifter |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US3629739A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4617539A (en) * | 1985-05-13 | 1986-10-14 | Raytheon Company | Reflective phase shifter |
| US20100171674A1 (en) * | 2009-01-08 | 2010-07-08 | Thinkom Solutions, Inc. | Low cost electronically scanned array antenna |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2908813A (en) * | 1956-11-28 | 1959-10-13 | Emerson Radio & Phonograph Cor | Phase and frequency modifying apparatus for electrical waves |
| US3019431A (en) * | 1958-10-06 | 1962-01-30 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Pulse radar system with microwave switch |
| US3092774A (en) * | 1958-10-03 | 1963-06-04 | Gen Electric | Low noise crystal diode mixer |
| US3108239A (en) * | 1960-05-17 | 1963-10-22 | Michel N Koueiter | High frequency cavity tuned by both telescoping sleeves and voltage variable diode means |
| US3215955A (en) * | 1964-06-01 | 1965-11-02 | Motorola Inc | Waveguide switching by variable tuning of a cavity which shunts a band-pass filter |
| US3235820A (en) * | 1963-08-12 | 1966-02-15 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Electrically variable phase shifter |
| US3290624A (en) * | 1964-02-10 | 1966-12-06 | Microwave Ass | Phase shifter in iterative circuits using semiconductors |
-
1969
- 1969-08-04 US US858229A patent/US3629739A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2908813A (en) * | 1956-11-28 | 1959-10-13 | Emerson Radio & Phonograph Cor | Phase and frequency modifying apparatus for electrical waves |
| US3092774A (en) * | 1958-10-03 | 1963-06-04 | Gen Electric | Low noise crystal diode mixer |
| US3019431A (en) * | 1958-10-06 | 1962-01-30 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Pulse radar system with microwave switch |
| US3108239A (en) * | 1960-05-17 | 1963-10-22 | Michel N Koueiter | High frequency cavity tuned by both telescoping sleeves and voltage variable diode means |
| US3235820A (en) * | 1963-08-12 | 1966-02-15 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Electrically variable phase shifter |
| US3290624A (en) * | 1964-02-10 | 1966-12-06 | Microwave Ass | Phase shifter in iterative circuits using semiconductors |
| US3215955A (en) * | 1964-06-01 | 1965-11-02 | Motorola Inc | Waveguide switching by variable tuning of a cavity which shunts a band-pass filter |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4617539A (en) * | 1985-05-13 | 1986-10-14 | Raytheon Company | Reflective phase shifter |
| US20100171674A1 (en) * | 2009-01-08 | 2010-07-08 | Thinkom Solutions, Inc. | Low cost electronically scanned array antenna |
| US8362965B2 (en) | 2009-01-08 | 2013-01-29 | Thinkom Solutions, Inc. | Low cost electronically scanned array antenna |
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