US3627024A - Apparatus for handling and cooling foundry sand - Google Patents
Apparatus for handling and cooling foundry sand Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3627024A US3627024A US839259A US3627024DA US3627024A US 3627024 A US3627024 A US 3627024A US 839259 A US839259 A US 839259A US 3627024D A US3627024D A US 3627024DA US 3627024 A US3627024 A US 3627024A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sand
- conveyor
- hopper
- conveying
- muller
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/08—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by sprinkling, cooling, or drying
Definitions
- conveyors storage tanks, a molding machine, a shakeout machine, a new sand dividin device, are employed.
- metal is cast into previously formed sand molds. After the metal has been cast, the sand mold is broken away from the casting and the sand is reused after it has been cooled and reconstituted by the addition of various types of additives.
- Moisture variations must be closely controlled because, even though they may appear to be inconsequential, they can cause radical changes in compressive strength, permeability, and flowability of the sand. Such changes can lead to poor finish, defective castings and increased scrap. If too much moisture is added to cool the sand, the sand tends to agglomerate.
- the amount of sand used to form a mold is usually expressed as a function of the amount of metal to be poured into it. This relationship is called the sand to metal ratio. For example, sufficient sand is frequently used for the mold to give a sand to metal ratio of from 3 to l to to 1. While these ratios are frequently used, others are oftentimes used too.
- a common ratio used is a ratio of about 6 to l. That is, a mold is formed which consists of 6 pounds ofsand for each pound ofmetal to be cast.
- the amount of sand which must be added after shakeout in order to obtain a mixture of used and unused sand at a particular temperature is, of course, dependent upon the temperature of and the amounts of the used and unused sands. l have found that the approximate amount of unused sand which must be added can be calculated in the following way.
- H Cp sand weight per pound of iron .1 (1-60) where H is the heat evolved from the iron, Cp is the heat for SiO, for r60, and t sand temperature at shakeout.
- H the heat evolved from the iron
- Cp the heat for SiO
- r60 the heat for r60
- t sand temperature at shakeout The following tables show the temperature of the sand at various metal shakeout temperatures.
- the pouring temperature of the metal was 2,600 F.
- the above temperatures can be plotted so that intermediate temperatures can be determined quickly.
- the above-calculated sand temperatures assume that there is no moisture in the sand. However, in practice there is usually between 3 percent to 5 percent of water in the sand. The evaporation of this moisture will cool the sand still further. For example, at a 10 to l sand to metal ratio the sand, at shakeout temperatures, will be cooled about 53 F. for each 1 percent of moisture evaporated. In most foundries the shakeout temperature is between l,000 F. and 1,300 F. Therefore, in order to have sand at not more than l20 F. as it goes into the muller, the sand to metal ratio at this point must be between to to l and 20 to l. A 10 to l mixture will provide this temperature because about 3 percent of moisture has been evaporated.
- the amount of sand actually used to form the mold can be any ratio but common values are a sand to metal ratio of 4 to l to about 6 to 1.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view showing the system that l have invented
- HQ 3 is a plan view of a divider hopper
- FIG. 3A is a side view of a divider hopper
- FIG. 4 is a side view of a rotary divider
- FIG. 4A is a section taken along the lines 4A-4A of FIG. 4;
- FIG. Si a plan view ofseveral mixing plows
- FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view ofa sand metering device.
- H0. 1 The system that l have found especially useful for practicing the method disclosed in my aforesaid patent application is diagrammatically illustrated in H0. 1.
- Hopper 1 may be of any conventional type. Hopper l is not necessary for the successful operation of my system and may be eliminated from my system.
- Connected to the hopper l by any suitable conveyor device is a muller 2. While the muller 2 may be of any conventional type commonly used in the foundry industry, I have found that an especially useful muller is a muller of the continuous type shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,408,052.
- a continuous muller is one in which sand is fed continuously into and through the muller.
- the mulling mechanism may be enclosed in a steel shell and and may consist of several rotatable wheel and plow units.
- the incoming sand is picked up by the rotating plows and placed in orbit around the periphery of the shell where it is mulled by high-speed rotating muller wheels.
- Stainless steel baffles in the muller insure that sand does not bypass any of the muller wheels.
- the sand moves along the conveyor until it reaches divider plow 4. At this point a major portion of the sand is diverted into a hopper 5.
- This hopper may be of any conventional design.
- the minor portion of the sand that is not diverted into the hopper 5 continues along the conveyor 3 until it reaches the molding machine 6, the purpose of which is to form molds from the sand received from the conveyor 3.
- This molding machine 6 may be of any conventional design.
- the molds and castings are conveyed to a shakeout machine 7 at which point the castings are separated from the sand molds and the molds broken.
- the shakeout machine 7 may be of any conventional type. When the sand leaves the shakeout apparatus 7, it will in most instances be very hot, some of it probably approaching a temperature of l,000 F.
- the hot sand from the shakeout machine 7 is deposited on conveyor 3 which leads back to the hopper I.
- the cool sand that has been diverted from conveyor 3 and stored in hopper 5 is discharged in a way more fully described later.
- the hot sand and cool sand are mixed as they are conveyed along the conveyor 8.
- the temperature of the resultant mixture may be reduced to approximately room temperature by the time the mixture reaches the hopper 1. It is desirable to mix the cool sand with the hot sand as soon as possible after the castings are removed from the hot sand. By doing so dust which normally tends to pollute the foundrys atmosphere may be greatly reduced.
- FIG. 2 The apparatus for dividing the sand as it exits the muller is one of the more important aspects of my invention.
- One such type of apparatus, that I have chosen to call an adjustable divider plow 4 is shown in detail in FIG. 2.
- This adjustable divider plow 4 consists of a divider plow blade 1155, an adjusting screw 16, and an adjusting screw crank handle 17.
- the divider plow blade is pivotally secured adjacent one side of the conveyor at its end 18 by any conventional means so that the end B9 of the divider plow 15 that is not pivotally secured may be moved from one side of the conveyor 3 to the other side 21.
- an increasing amount of sand on the conveyor 3 may be diverted into the hopper 5.
- One end of the adjusting screw 16 is secured to the free end of the divider plow blade 15.
- the screw is threaded through a bracket 14 mounted adjacent the side 20 of the conveyor 3, and is suitably journaled to the free end 19 of the plow.
- the divider plow end 19 is caused to move across the conveyor 3 by turning the crank handle 17 which in turn causes the adjusting screw 16 to move across the conveyor 3 carrying with it the end 19 of the divider plow to which it is secured.
- FIG. 3 there is shown another apparatus for dividing sand as it passes along a conveyor belt.
- Sand from the muller 2 is discharged into hopper 22.
- Hopper 22 may be of any conventional design so long as it has at least two discharge outlets for permitting sand to pass through the hopper.
- the hopper 22 that is shown in FIGS. 3 and 3A has two gates 23 in the bottom thereof. These gates 23 are vertically adjustable in height so that varying amounts of sand can be discharged through the openings 24 they form.
- Two conveyor belts 25 and 26 receive the sand that is discharged through the gates 23.
- FIGS. 4 and 4A there is shown therein another apparatus for dividing sand as it passes along a conveyor belt
- the sand As the sand exits the muller 2 it is discharged into a rotary hopper or tank 27.
- the sand passes through the rotary hopper 27 through openings, not shown, and is discharged upon a rotating disc 28.
- the disc is rotated by means of shaft 29 that is operably connected to a power source such as an electric motor, not shown.
- Fixed plows 30 and 31 that may be secured to the bottom of the rotary hopper 11, divert sand from the rotating disc 28 as it rotates onto two conveyors, not shown.
- One conveyor transports sand to the molding machine 6 and the other conveyor transports sand to the hopper 5.
- the length of the plows 30 and 3] extending over the rotating disc 28 determines how much sand is diverted onto the conveyor belts.
- Plow 31 shown in FIG. 4A diverts more sand onto
- FIG. 6 The metering device shown in FIG. 6 includes a wheel 32 that is pivotally connected to a wheel arm 33. Wheel arm 33 is attached to a conventional electric switch 34 which in turn is operably connected to solenoid 35. Solenoid 35 when activated causes a valve 36 to move gate 37 on hopper 5. When the gate 37 is opened, sand is discharged from hopper 5 onto conveyor 8. It may be useful in some instances to include in such a device means that vary the amount of sand discharged from the hopper 5 according to the height of the sand of the conveyor 8.
- FIG. 5 A device for accomplishing this is shown in FIG. 5.
- the device consists of a plurality of mixing plows 38 which extend at acute angles above the conveyor 8 so that as the sand passes by the plows it is diverted first from one side to the belt and then to the other.
- a mixing of the sand Also, a conventional aerator could be used at this point for this purpose.
- Such a device is shown and described at page 94 of the aforesaid Foundry" magazine.
- the hopper 5 may be entirely eliminated and the sand from conveyor 3 may be deposited directly onto the conveyor 3.
- conveyor 3 can consist of two conveyors, one having a greater capacity than the other.
- the conveyor 8 can be divided into two conveyors in the same manner since the part of the conveyor from the shakeout machine 7 to the point of the cool sand addition handles less sand than the portion of the conveyor 8 which conveys sand from the cool sand addition point to the hopper 1. It may also be necessary in some installations to increase the number of mullers 2 and/or the muller output over what is conventionally employed.
- first sand conveyor means for conveying sand from said muller to said divider means
- second sand conveyor means for conveying said minor portion of sand from said divider means to said forming and casting means
- a divider plow moveable across said conveyor belt.
- said first conveyor means adapted for conveying sand from said muller into said sand hopper
- said sand hopper having a plurality of openings in the bottom thereof for releasing sand therethrough onto said second and fifth sand conveying means
- said first conveyor means adapted for conveying sand from said muller into said sand hopper
- said sand hopper having a plurality of openings in the bottom thereof for releasing sand therethrough onto said second and fifth sand conveying means
- said hopper having at least one opening in the bottom thereof and a plurality of plows secured to said bottom, and
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US71433968A | 1968-03-19 | 1968-03-19 | |
US83925969A | 1969-07-07 | 1969-07-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3627024A true US3627024A (en) | 1971-12-14 |
Family
ID=27109136
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US839259A Expired - Lifetime US3627024A (en) | 1968-03-19 | 1969-07-07 | Apparatus for handling and cooling foundry sand |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3627024A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3762461A (en) * | 1968-03-19 | 1973-10-02 | Inter Minerals & Chem Corp | Apparatus for handling and cooling foundry sand |
US10000345B2 (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2018-06-19 | Joseph Voegele Ag | Conveyor device with flow limiting device |
-
1969
- 1969-07-07 US US839259A patent/US3627024A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3762461A (en) * | 1968-03-19 | 1973-10-02 | Inter Minerals & Chem Corp | Apparatus for handling and cooling foundry sand |
US10000345B2 (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2018-06-19 | Joseph Voegele Ag | Conveyor device with flow limiting device |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: IMC INDUSTRY GROUP INC., 2315 SANDERS ROAD, NORTHB Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL MINERALS & CHEMICALS CORPORATION, A NY. CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004620/0793 Effective date: 19861028 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BOSTON, THE Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:APPLIED INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:004625/0260 Effective date: 19861103 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: APPLIED INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS CORPORATION Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNORS:INDUSTRY ACQUISITION CORP. (MERGED INTO);IMC INDUSTRY GROUP INC. (CHANGED TO);REEL/FRAME:004640/0541 Effective date: 19861103 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: APPLIED INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS CORPORATION (FORMERLY Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BOSTON, THE;REEL/FRAME:005271/0619 Effective date: 19890905 |