US3624191A - Footwear - Google Patents
Footwear Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3624191A US3624191A US793559*A US3624191DA US3624191A US 3624191 A US3624191 A US 3624191A US 3624191D A US3624191D A US 3624191DA US 3624191 A US3624191 A US 3624191A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- insole
- footwear
- resin
- shoe
- percent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 25
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium propionate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAMBGWYANBMQBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N(=O)NCCCCCNN=O Chemical compound N(=O)NCCCCCNN=O NAMBGWYANBMQBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920012485 Plasticized Polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001058 brown pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004301 calcium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010237 calcium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004330 calcium propionate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010331 calcium propionate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HZQXCUSDXIKLGS-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;dibenzoate;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HZQXCUSDXIKLGS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002666 chemical blowing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical compound [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006026 co-polymeric resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001872 inorganic gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002897 organic nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/38—Built-in insoles joined to uppers during the manufacturing process, e.g. structural insoles; Insoles glued to shoes during the manufacturing process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C59/10—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by electric discharge treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/48—Wearing apparel
- B29L2031/50—Footwear, e.g. shoes or parts thereof
- B29L2031/507—Insoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
Definitions
- an insole comprising an extruded foamed resin sheet having a substantially uniform thickness of 0.04-0.2 inch, a substantially closed cell structure, and a density of 17-40 pound per cubic foot from a resin which is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or a blend thereof with polyethylene and which contains 2-l 7 percent by weight of polymerized vinyl acetate, (2) bonding the insole to a relatively rigid heel board to form an assembly, an (3) bonding the other components of a shoe or the like to said assembly to form an article of footwear.
- the foamed sheet has a substantially closed cell structure, i.e., the majority, normally at least 90percent, of the cells are closed.
- the majority, and more preferably at least 75 percent, of the cells have a diameter of 0.0040.04 inch e.g., 0.0 l-0.03 inch.
- the blowing agent is sometimes employed in conjunction with a nucleating agent, which assists in the formation of a large number of fine cells.
- a nucleating agent can be employed, including finely divided inert solids such as silica or alumina (optionally in conjunction with zinc stearate), or small quantities of a substance that decomposes at the extrusion temperature to give a gas can be used.
- An example of the latter class of nucleating agents is sodium bicarbonate, optionally in conjunction with a weak acid such as tartaric or citric acid. Boric acid, calcium acetate, calcium propionate, and calcium benzoate are also excellent nucleating agents.
- a small proportion of the nucleating agent e.g., up to 5 percent by weight of the resin, is usually effective.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB5232/68A GB1198552A (en) | 1968-02-01 | 1968-02-01 | Footwear. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3624191A true US3624191A (en) | 1971-11-30 |
Family
ID=9792196
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US793559*A Expired - Lifetime US3624191A (en) | 1968-02-01 | 1969-01-23 | Footwear |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3624191A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE1904892A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR1600253A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1198552A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NL (1) | NL6901112A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4524529A (en) * | 1982-08-27 | 1985-06-25 | Helmut Schaefer | Insole for shoes |
| US20070264520A1 (en) * | 2002-12-10 | 2007-11-15 | Wood Willard E | Articles having a polymer grafted cyclodextrin |
| US20080103221A1 (en) * | 2004-11-08 | 2008-05-01 | Emanuela Alexandra Weinbeck | Crosslinked Polymer Foam Sheet and Process Therefor |
| US20090094858A1 (en) * | 2007-10-11 | 2009-04-16 | Ungari Joseph L | Article of footwear with tubular sole assembly and method of manufacture |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1306373A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1970-01-30 | 1973-02-07 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2565003A (en) * | 1947-03-17 | 1951-08-21 | Bata Narodni Podnik | Apparatus for the vulcanization of plastic materials |
| US3080589A (en) * | 1955-06-10 | 1963-03-12 | Midgiey Shoe Systems Inc | Method of forming a laminated insole of varying thickness |
| US3348251A (en) * | 1965-01-22 | 1967-10-24 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Shoe manufacturing |
| US3379802A (en) * | 1964-11-04 | 1968-04-23 | Dow Chemical Co | Foamed olefin copolymer blends |
-
1968
- 1968-02-01 GB GB5232/68A patent/GB1198552A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-12-31 FR FR1600253D patent/FR1600253A/fr not_active Expired
-
1969
- 1969-01-23 NL NL6901112A patent/NL6901112A/xx unknown
- 1969-01-23 US US793559*A patent/US3624191A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1969-01-31 DE DE19691904892 patent/DE1904892A1/de active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2565003A (en) * | 1947-03-17 | 1951-08-21 | Bata Narodni Podnik | Apparatus for the vulcanization of plastic materials |
| US3080589A (en) * | 1955-06-10 | 1963-03-12 | Midgiey Shoe Systems Inc | Method of forming a laminated insole of varying thickness |
| US3379802A (en) * | 1964-11-04 | 1968-04-23 | Dow Chemical Co | Foamed olefin copolymer blends |
| US3348251A (en) * | 1965-01-22 | 1967-10-24 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Shoe manufacturing |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4524529A (en) * | 1982-08-27 | 1985-06-25 | Helmut Schaefer | Insole for shoes |
| US4575446A (en) * | 1982-08-27 | 1986-03-11 | Helmut Schaefer | Process for producing an insole for shoes |
| US20070264520A1 (en) * | 2002-12-10 | 2007-11-15 | Wood Willard E | Articles having a polymer grafted cyclodextrin |
| US20080103221A1 (en) * | 2004-11-08 | 2008-05-01 | Emanuela Alexandra Weinbeck | Crosslinked Polymer Foam Sheet and Process Therefor |
| US20090094858A1 (en) * | 2007-10-11 | 2009-04-16 | Ungari Joseph L | Article of footwear with tubular sole assembly and method of manufacture |
| US7926204B2 (en) | 2007-10-11 | 2011-04-19 | Nike, Inc. | Article of footwear with tubular sole assembly and method of manufacture |
| US20110154584A1 (en) * | 2007-10-11 | 2011-06-30 | Ungari Joseph L | Article of footwear with tubular sole assembly and method of manufacture |
| US8650690B2 (en) | 2007-10-11 | 2014-02-18 | Nike, Inc. | Article of footwear with tubular sole assembly and method of manufacture |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL6901112A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1969-08-05 |
| FR1600253A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1970-07-20 |
| DE1904892A1 (de) | 1969-09-04 |
| GB1198552A (en) | 1970-07-15 |
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