US3622927A

US3622927A - Deflection yoke

Info

Publication number: US3622927A
Application number: US4363A
Authority: US
Inventors: Clayton A Washburn
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1970-01-20
Filing date: 1970-01-20
Publication date: 1971-11-23
Anticipated expiration: 1988-11-23

Abstract

Several substantially circular deflection yoke structures for cathode-ray tubes are disclosed. Their common principal characteristics include means whereby the features of orthogonal (x, y) deflection axes are identical. This results in symmetry about the diagonal (45*) deflection positions as well as about the deflection axes. These structures each employ eight identical toroidally wound coil segments. Four coils, symmetrically placed on both sides of the x-axis, provide x-axis deflection. Four coils similarly located with respect to the y-axis provide y-axis deflection. Each coil occupies a 45* segment from its axis outwardly along an annular core piece.

Description

yoke -ray tubes are disclosed. Their common principal characteristics include means whereb 3,246,192 4/1966 Torsch 335/213 X 3,299,379 1/1967 Torsch......................... 335/213 Primary Examiner-G. Harris A!!0rneys-Robert Scobey, Robert s. Dunham, P, E.

Henninger, Lester W. Clark, Gerald W. Griffin, Thomas F. Moran, Bradlee Boal and Christopher C. Dunham ABSTRACT: Several substantially circular deflection 335/210, structures for cathode 335/213 y the features 1101f 7/00 of orthogonal (x, y) deflection axes are identical. This results 335/210, in symmetry about the diagona1(45) deflection positions as 213; 313/76, 77 well as about the deflection axes. These structures each employ eight identical toroidally wound coil segments. Four coils, symmetrically placed on both sides of the .r-axis, provide .r-axis deflection. Four coils similarly located with respect to 335/213 the y-axis provide y-axis deflection. Each coil occupies a 45 segment from its axis outwardly along an annular core piece.

inventor Clayton A. Washburn 24 Andrea Lane, Thornwood, NY. 10594 Appl. No. 4,363 Filed Jan. 20, 1970 Patented Nov. 23, 1971 DEFLECTION YOKE 17 Claims, 9 Drawing Figs.

lnt. References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 12/1964 Gostyn.........................

United States Patent [51] [50] FieldofSearch............................................

PATENTEBuuv 2s ism SHEET 1 [IF 2 INVENTOR. CLAYTON A. Maw/sum BY ATTORW DEFLECTION YOKE In a first variation the coils have uniform turns distribution, and four-pole pieces (two on each axis) are mounted on the yoke core. The pole piece dimensions are chosen to provide best deflection field uniformity.

In a second arrangement, the above pole piece and winding structure is provided at the rear of a yoke. The toroidal windings are shifted to cosine distribution at the front. Saddletype coils are provided at the front in lieu of pole pieces to provide uniform field distribution.

In a third arrangement, the the toroidal coils have cosine distribution covering the region from to 45'? throughout their length. Four saddle-type coils are provided which extend for a complete yoke length. They. substantially provide a cosine distribution in the region from 45 to 90.

BACKGROUND or THE INVENTION This invention relates to magnetic deflection yokes used for deflecting electron beams.

The present invention is particularly directed to deflection yoke structures meeting strict resolution standards, i.e., in which the focused beam spot on a cathode-ray tube screen must be maintained at a small size.

Various approaches have been followed in the past in the design of deflection yoke structures. Many such structures involve cumbersome winding arrangements incapable of adequately precise control, or involve inherent beam distortion to an unacceptable degree. For example,one well-known basic yoke structure comprises a square core having a pair of toroidal windings on opposite core legs for each axis of deflection. The yoke symmetry and winding distribution can be controlled to a high degree. However, the beam distortion can be reduced only to a limit inherent in the square core shape. Conversely, the beam distortion may be reduced to zero for correctly proportional circular cores of annular structure. Toroidally winding a pair or pairs of coils on an annular core to provide deflection in the direction of one or both axes is well known. Accurate turns distribution is difl'lcult, and-coil overlapping is a feature of this yoke structure which introduces complexities. Saddle-type coil windings (in which the windings are located inside the core) are also well known. A pair of such coils is required to produce deflection along one axis. Highly accurate control of turns distribution in such coils is also difficult. Yokes using toroidal coils for one axis and saddle coils for the other have been used. Any of these arrangements due to nonsymmetry result in a difi'erence in deflection characteristics with respect to the two axes.

It is accordingly a principal object of the present invention to provide unique and simplified deflection yoke structures.

Another object of the invention is to provide deflection yoke structures which are inherently highly symmetrical about several axes and which are highly accurate in the deflection of an electron beam.

A further object of the invention is to provide deflection yokes having identical horizontal and vertical axis structural characteristics, thereby to exhibit 45 (pi/4 radian) diagonal symmetry.

Another object is to provide simplified deflection yoke structures while at the same time tolerating little or no beam distortion.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention involves the combined use of toroidal and/or saddle windings and/or pole pieces for one or both directions of deflection. In a first basic toroidal winding structure, eight distinct windings in the form of a complete annulus on a yoke core are employed. Each winding is located within an arc segment of 45 or pi/4 radian. Two windings adjacent each deflection axis are connected together to form four pairs of windings. One set of opposing pairs is utilized for x-axis deflection and the other set of opposing winding pairs for y-axis deflection. Four pole pieces are advantageously positioned on the core, each between the two windings of a pair of windings.

The pole pieces are dimensioned to produce additional central axis flux lines to achieve a. substantially balanced deflection field. For a short yoke, the pole pieces may extend along the z (CRT beam) axis of the deflection yoke for a distance approximately equal to one-half of the yoke radius (R). The pole pieces may extend inwardly toward the z-axis for a distance of about one eighth R. The individual winding segments of the toroidal winding may be uniformly wound in any conventional manner.

In a second deflection yoke structure having a substantial extent along the z-axis, the pole pieces and uniform windings are employed at the rear end of the yoke. The windings at the front end of the yoke are shifted to a turns distribution in accordance with a cosine function. In this case the cosine func,-. tion for each coil segment varies from 0 to 45. i.e. from 1.000 to 0.707. The variation of cosine function through 45 rather than through simplifies the making of the windings.

Saddle windings are employed at the front of the yoke in conjunction with the toroidal winding segments, and may be formed with a cosine distribution of turns, or wound uniformly but in one or more lumped segments so as to achieve in effect a cosine distribution of turns for angles from 45 to 90.

In a third variation no pole pieces are employed. The toroidal windings have cosine distribution throughout their length. As above, for each coil segment the cosine function varies from 1.00 (heaviest turns concentration at the deflection axis of that coil to 0.707 at the 45 diagonal position. The next adjacent 45 arc is occupied by a coil segment of the orthogonal deflection axis, and so on. Four saddle-type coils which extend the full length of the yoke (z-direction) are mounted inside the yoke, and each adjacent to a toroidal coil pair of the orthogonal deflection axis. In this position they contribute the deflection field flux corresponding to angles from 45 to 90 and are provided with it turns distribution corresponding to the cosine function in the interval 45 to 90. A pair of opposite saddle coils on one axis, in conjunction with the two opposed pairs of toroidal coil segments located on the orthogonal axis, provide the deflection for the latter axis.

The invention will be more completely understood by reference to the following detailed description of representative embodiments thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. I is a perspective view of a deflection yoke utilizing a toroidal winding and pole pieces in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of another deflection yoke in accordance with the invention. including toroidal and saddle windings and pole pieces at the rear end of the yoke;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view to an enlarged scale of part of the deflection yoke of FIG. 2, taken along the section line 3-3 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view to an enlarged scale of part of the yoke shown in FIG. 3, taken along the section line 4-4 in FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a front view of another deflection yoke in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a saddle winding useful in the practice of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a sectional view to an enlarged scale of the deflection yoke of FIG. 5, taken along the section line 7--7 in FIG.

FIG. 8 end view of a portion of the deflection yoke of FIG. 7, looking in the direction of the arrows 8-8 in FIG. 7; and

FIG. 9 is a plan view of a saddle winding in which the distribution of turns is in accordance with a cosine function and which is useful in the practice of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to FIG. I, a deflection yoke 10 in accordance with the invention'is shown. The deflection yoke is suitable for relatively small beam deflections for beam centering purposes, or

for the positioning of a beam to a given position on a cathoderay tube screen, for example. The deflection yoke is generally required to be short, i.e., to be of little dimension along the zaxis. Because of the small deflection angle which is generally involved, the magnetic field need not be distortionless. The deflection yoke of FIG. I is of simple construction. while at the same time achieving a good field configuration.

The deflection yoke 10 comprises an annular core 12, of magnetic material which is relatively thin, ie, it does not extend substantially in the direction of the z-axis. The core 12 may be laminated, or it may be a single relatively thin ring of magnetic material. Fourpole pieces l4, l6, l8 and are included, as shown. The pole pieces are also of magnetic material. The pole pieces are spaced 90, or pi/2 radians, apart. The

pole pieces

14 and 18 are located along the y-axis, while the

pole pieces

16 and 20 are located on the .r-axis. The pole pieces serve to achieve a substantially uniform distribution of flux in the yoke field. Their dimensions are dependent on the yoke parameters. For example, for the case illustrated where the yoke core is short compared to its diameter and the toroidal coils have uniform winding distribution, each pole piece may extend in a direction along the z-axis for a length approximately equal to one-half of the radius R of the core 12 and may extend inwardly for a distance R/ 8.

A toroidal winding 22 is wound about the core 12, and consists of eight different 45 (or pi/4 radian)

segments

22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e, 22f, 22g and 2211. The

segments

22a and 22b comprise another pair. Similarly, segments 22e and 22fcomprise a third pair; and segments 22g and 22h comprise a fourth pair. It will be noted that the pole pieces are positioned between the two winding segments that constitute a toroidal pair. For example, the pole piece 16 is positioned between the two winding

segments

22a and 22b, constituting the first toroidal winding pair mentioned above.

The first and third toroidal winding pairs (

segments

22a, 22b, He and 22]) are employed for x-axis deflection, while the second and fourth toroidal winding pairs (

segments

22c, 22d, 22g and 22h) are employed for y-axis deflection. Typically the first and third pairs of windings are connected together in series, as for example by conductor 24, which connects together the winding segments 22b and 22f. Signals for x-axis deflection are applied to terminals xl and x2, respectively connected to

toroidal coil segments

22a and 22e. Similarly, signals for y-axis deflection are applied to terminals yl and y2 respectively connected to winding segments 22]: and 22d. The two opposing pairs of yaxis deflection coils are connected together by conductor 26 (connecting together toroidal winding segments 22c and 22g). Although a series connection of windings has been shown in FIG. I, it is possible to utilize parallel connections, so long as the direction of magnetic flux is as shown by the arrows in FIG. I, which will now be explained.

In particular, in FIG. I the various winding segments are poled so that the flux therefrom is in the direction of the arrows shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 1, the arrows shown represent only magnetic flux involved in x-axis deflection, i.e., the flux from

coil segments

22a, 22b, 22e and 22f. The flux flows downwardly (or upwardly) in the Y-direction to provide for suitable plus or minus x-axis deflection of the electron beam that passes through the deflection yoke 10. The toroidal winding typically produces a field in which side flux lines 28a and 28b are stronger than central axis flux lines 30. The

pole pieces

14 and 18 provide for the flowing of additional flux lines 320 and 32b, which increases the central axis field to make it the same as the field which is off the central axis.

Similarly,

pole pieces

16 and 20 are helpful in achieving a uniform flux for y-axis deflection and aid in increasing the strength of the field along the central axis.

. The strengths of the central axes fields may be adjusted, as noted above, through suitable variation of pole piece length and depth in order to achieve a substantially balanced deflection field and overcome the typically weaker fields along the central axes.

The structure of FIG. 1 is constructed in a simple fashion. The winding segments shown are uniform in distribution.

Another deflection yoke structure 40 is shown in FIG. 2. The yoke includes, for example, a magnetic core 42, shaped as shown and which extends a substantial distance along the zaxis. A toroidal winding 44 is employed about the core 42 and is composed of eight 45

segments

44a, 44b, 44c, 44d, 44e, 44f, 44g and 44/1. The coil 44 corresponds to the coil 22 in FIG. I, and the individual winding segments may be similarly connected. Thus the winding segments 44a and 44b constitute a first pair; the segments 44c and 44d a second pair; the segments Me and 44f a third pair; and finally, the segments 44g and 44h a fourth pair. A set of four-pole pieces is included, only two of which (48 and 49 corresponding respectively to

pole pieces

14 and 20 in FIG. I) are shown in FIG. 2. The pole pieces are included only at the rear end of the deflection yoke 40. These pole pieces serve the same function as the pole pieces shown and described above in connection with FIG. 1. The toroidal winding 44 of the deflection yoke of FIG. 2 includes a uniform turns distribution at the rear end of the yoke adjacent the pole pieces. However, at the front end of the yoke, the turns distribution is shifted substantially in accordance with a cosine distribution. Since each winding segment occupies only a 45 sector, the cosine function varies from 1.000 (corresponding to 0) to 0.707 (corresponding to 45). Taking the zone 50 in FIG. 2 as a reference zone of 0 corresponding to x-axis deflection, the turns distribution of the winding segments 44a and 44b at this zone is the heaviest, and corresponds to the cosine function which is equal to 1.000. At the other end of the winding 44a, for example, (i.e., at the zone 52) the turns distribution is the least dense, corresponding to the cosine function of 45, which is 0.707. Thus the turns distribution at the front end of the deflection yoke, i.e., the density of turns for each winding, varies between the relative values 1.000 and 0.707. The turns density is the greatest along the I- and y-axes, and is the least along diagonals to these axes. It will be seen, therefore, that the toroidal winding is symmetrical with respect to 45 diagonal axes.

Four saddle-

type windings

54, 56, 58 and 60 are also employed. Each saddle winding occupies a 90 sector and is positioned next to adjacent segments of a toroidal winding pair of the orthogonal deflection axis. For example, the saddle winding 54 (for y-axis deflection) is positioned next to windings 44a and 44b (for x-axis deflection) that are adjacent to each other and form parts of adjacent pairs. The saddle windings 56 and 60 are employed along with the toroidal winding segments 44a, 44b, 44c and 44f to provide for .r-axis deflection. Similarly, the

saddle windings

54 and 58 are employed, along with toroidal winding

segments

44c, 44d, 44g and 44/1 for yaxis deflection. The saddle windings are ideally of cosine distribution corresponding to the cosine function in the range from 45 (for example at zone 52) to 90. In practice they may comprise one or more uniform lumped sections positioned to most nearly approximate this function or a desired degree of variation therefrom.

FIG. 3 shows some further details of the deflection yoke structure of FIG. 2, The core 42 is annular, as shown, and may be cylindrical or arcuate in section to provide an annulus of greater diameter at the front end, and an annulus of lesser diameter at the rear end. Thus the core 42 is suitable for a wide-angle deflection yoke. The pole pieces are positioned at the rear end of the yoke, as noted above, where the off axis beam deflection is generally negligible. It is for this reason that the distribution of turns of the toroidal winding at the rear end may be made uniform, with pole pieces employed to render the magnetic field substantially uniform. This results in shorter windings. An annular spacer is positioned about the core 42 at the front end of the deflection yoke, as shown in FIG. 3, while an annular spacer 72 is similarly positioned at the rear end of the yoke. The spacer 70 is advantageously grooved, as at 70a, as shown in FIG. 4, to accommodate selected ones of individual turns of the toroidal winding 44. The spacer 72 may be similarly grooved. The winding 44 may be composed of one or more layers, preferably bank wound in sequence. As noted above, since each toroidal winding segment extends for only 45, the turns distribution shifts simply from 1.000 to 0.707, simplifying the winding procedure. If 90' coil segments were employed, the distribution of turns would have to shift from 1.000 to 0.000. The individual turns of the winding are wound tightly around the core 42 and fall directly into the correct groove positions in the

spacers

70 and 72, making a simple, continuous, smooth winding, the accuracy of which depends primarily on the end spacers. The end spacers in turn may be fabricated, for example, in a mold with highly accurate groove formations, thus to provide for extremely accurate positioning of the individual turns of the toroidal winding 44, and to provide the uniform turns distribution at the rear end of vthe yoke and the cosine function turns distribution at the front end. It should be noted that the distribution of turns at the front end may be shifted from the cosine distribution, as desired, to provide minimum beam spot distortions based on design detail variations and other requirements of the deflection yoke structure and CRT assembly.

The saddle windings are advantageously positioned against the toroidal winding segments, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and may be adhered in position by conventional cementing techniques. The rear ends of the saddle windings are just in front of the front ends of the pole pieces, while the front ends of the saddle windings extend to the front end of the deflection structure. v

As noted, the saddle and toroidalwinding segments may be connected in series or in parallel, as desired, so long as the correct flux direction and correct turns relationships, as required, are maintained.

FIGS. 5 and 7 show another deflection yoke structure similar to that of FIGS. 2 and 3, in which, however, the pole pieces of FIGS. 2 and 3 have been eliminated. Such a deflection yoke structure is suitable for applications requiring very high resolution (zero beam distortion) in which it is necessary that the yoke have complete circular symmetry about the zaxis. The deflection yoke structureis designated 80, and includes a toroidal winding 82 that is constituted of eight

segments

82a, 82b, 82c, 82d, 82e, 82f, 82g and 8211. In this case, however, the distribution of turns at both the front and the rear ends of the deflection yoke structure is in accordance with a cosine function (see FIGS. 5 and 8). Thus both the front and rear ends of the toroidal winding 82 include a turns distribution the same as that described for the front end of the winding 44 in FIG. 2. Four

saddle windings

84, 86, 88 and 90 (corresponding respectively to saddle winding 60, 54, 56 and 58 in FIG. 2) are employed in the deflection yoke system of FIG. 5. Thus the coils for x-axis deflection are 84, 82a, 82b, 88, 82e and 82f, connected preferably in series. However, parallel or any desired combination of these connections which provides the correct magnitude and direction of flux components from the various coils may be used for x-axis deflection. Similarly, the coils for y-axis deflection are 86, 82c, 82d, 90, 82g and 8211, which may be connected in series and/or parallel relationship, as desired.

As shown in FIG. 7, the saddle winding 84 extends the full length of the deflection yoke (compare with the saddle winding 60 shown in FIG. 3, which is not as long as the yoke). The end turns of the saddle winding'84, designated 84a and 84b, are brought around the outside front and rear surfaces of the deflection yoke structure. This is true with respect to all of the

saddle windings

86, 88 and 90;shown in FIG. 5. i

In the arrangement of FIGS. 5 and 7, the

saddle windings

84, 86, 88 and 90 should ideally provide a turns distribution that is in accordance with a cosine function through angles 45 to 90. A coil comprising several groups of turns each positioned according to the cosine distribution provides a very close approximation. Construction of such a coil is illustrated in FIG. 9. However, in practice it has been found that even for very high resolution, the saddle windings need not be wound exactly in accordance with a cosine distribution. A single flat cross section coil of uniform distribution, as shown in FIG. 6, may be employed in the structure of FIGS. 5 and 7. To achieve optimum distribution, the outside boundary of the winding readily adjusted to provide for minor variations in the yoke distribution as required by specific cathode-ray tube requirements. Such a saddle winding construction produces negligible beam distortion for an electron beam spot size of the order of I mil in diameter.

SUMMARY Various deflection yoke structures embodying the present invention have been shown and described. Toroidal windings (45) with and without pole pieces and with and without saddle windings have been disclosed. All the structures may be easily and accurately fabricated. Negligible beam distortion can be achieved. They all may provide exactly similar structures on both .rand y-axes and 45 diagonal symmetry. Variations intermediate in both angle and coil combinations to those shown will be obvious. Their use in combination with various prior known yoke arrangements is also obvious.

The invention should not be limited to the embodiments shown, but should be taken to bedefined by the following claims.

I. A deflection yoke providing a magnetic field suitable for beam deflection, comprising in combination: toroidal coils symmetrically wound in a first plurality of angular segments adjacent to a first axis of deflection for contributing to the magnetic field in a given direction to deflect the beam in the direction of said first axis of deflection, and means positioned substantially totally within a second plurality of angular segments, each angular segment of said second plurality of angular segments constituting the complement of a corresponding one of said angularsegments of said first plurality of angular segments, said means contributing to the magnetic field in said given direction to render said field substantially uniform throughout said yoke.

2. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 1, in which the toroidal coils have substantially linear distribution within 45 angular segments.

3. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim I, and having substantiallength, wherein said means comprises pole pieces at one end and saddle coils having portions thereof at the other end to control the deflection field distribution.

4. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim I, in which said means comprises a pair of pole pieces whose dimensions are proportioned to control the field distribution of said magnetic field component.

5. A short deflection yoke in accordance with claim 4, in which the toroidal coils are positioned at radius R with respect to a beam axis, and in which each pole piece extends for a distance approximately equal to R/2 in a direction substantially parallel to said beam axis.

6. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 5, in which each pole piece includes a dimension in a direction toward said beam axis approximately equal to R/ 8.

7. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 1, and having substantial length, in which the toroidal coil turns have a distribution function which is shifted from front to rear along the yoke length.

8. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 7, in which the turns of each coil at one end of the yoke are uniformly distributed, and the turns of each coil at the other end are distributed in proportion to the cosine of the angle of any turn from a reference position.

9. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim I, in which the toroidal coils adjacent to the first axis of deflection comprise four toroidal coil segments wound on an annular mag netic core.

10. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 9, including a pair of saddle coils positioned opposite each other and centered orthogonally to said deflection axis, each saddle coil occupying a pair of said complementary angular segments.

IL A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 9, having a second axis of deflection substantially perpendicular to said first deflection axis, and including four additional toroidal coil segments symmetrically wound in complementary angular segments adjacent to said second deflection axis.

12. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim ll. including two pairs of pole pieces, the pole pieces of each pair being positioned substantially opposite each other on a corresponding deflection axis.

13. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 11. in which said means positioned substantially totally within complementary angular segments comprises two pairs of saddle coils, the coils of each pair being positioned substantially opposite each other on a deflection axis.

14. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 1. having a desired angular turns distribution which is provided by said toroidal coils within their angular segments and by saddle coils within the complementary angular segments.

15. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 14. in which the desired angular turns distribution is proportional to the cosine of the angular position of a coil turn referred to the deflection axis.

16. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 14. in which at least one of the saddle coils comprises a lumped coil of uniform distribution positioned to most closely approximate the desired distribution function.

l7. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 16, in which each toroidal coil segment is 45", each saddle coil occupies a segment and comprises a single coil of uniform turns distribution which subtends an angular segment of about 0.56 radian adjacent the corresponding toroidal coil segments.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. q 622 927 Da 22 Nov. 1971 Inventor-( Clayton A Washburn It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 3, Line 28 after "comprise", "another pair" should be deleted and substitute therefor --one toroidal winding pair; the segments 22c and 22d comprise another oair.-

Signed and sealed this 19th day of September 1972.

(SEAL) I Attest! ROBERT GOTTSCHALK Attesting Officer RM PO-1050 (10-69) USCOMM-DC 6O376-P60 U 5. GOVERNMENT PRINYING OFFICE V9.9 0-356-534

Claims

1. A deflection yoke providing a magnetic field suitable for beam deflection, comprising in combination: toroidal coils symmetrically wound in a first plurality of angular segments adjacent to a first axis of deflection for contributing to the magnetic field in a given direction to deflect the beam in the direction of said first axis of deflection, and means positioned substantially totally within a second plurality of angular segments, each angular segment of said second plurality of angular segments constituting the complement of a corresponding one of said angular segments of said first plurality of angular segments, said means contributing to the magnetic field in said given direction to render said field substantially uniform throughout said yoke.

2. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 1, in which the toroidal coils have substantially linear distribution within 45* angular segments.

3. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 1, and having substantial length, wherein said means comprises pole pieces at one end and saddle coils having portions thereof at the other end to control the deflection field distribution.

4. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 1, in which said means comprises a pair of pole pieces whose dimensions are proportioned to control the field distribution of said magnetic field component.

6. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 5, in which each pole piece includes a dimension in a direction toward said beam axis approximately equal to R/8.

9. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 1, in which the toroidal coils adjacent to the first axis of deflection comprise four toroidal coil segments wound on an annular magnetic core.

11. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 9, having a second axis of deflection substantially perpendicular to said first deflection axis, and including four additional toroidal coil segments symmetrically wound in complementary angular segments adjacent to said second deflection axis.

12. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 11, including two pairs of pole pieces, the pole pieces of each pair being positioned substantially opposite each other on a corresponding deflection axis.

13. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 11, in which said means positioned substantially totally within complementary angular segments comprises two pairs of saddle coils, the coils of each pair being positioned substantially opposite each other on a deflection axis.

14. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 1, having a desired angular turns distribution which is provided by said toroidal coils within their angular segments and by saddle coils within the complementary angular segments.

15. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 14, in which the desired angular turns distribution is proportional to the cosine of the angular position of a coil turn referred to the deflection axis.

16. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 14, in which at least one of the saddle coils comprises a lumped coil of uniform distribution positioned to most closely approximate the desired distribution function.

17. A deflection yoke in accordance with claim 16, in which each toroidal coil segment is 45*, each saddle coil occupies a 90* segment and comprises a single coil of uniform turns distribution which subtends an angular segment of about 0.56 radian adjacent the corresponding toroidal coil segments.