US3621188A - Welding electrode - Google Patents

Welding electrode Download PDF

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Publication number
US3621188A
US3621188A US770787A US3621188DA US3621188A US 3621188 A US3621188 A US 3621188A US 770787 A US770787 A US 770787A US 3621188D A US3621188D A US 3621188DA US 3621188 A US3621188 A US 3621188A
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Prior art keywords
aluminum
copper
electrode
percent
core
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US770787A
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A David Joseph
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Eutectic Corp
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Eutectic Corp
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
    • B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
    • B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
    • B23K35/0272—Rods, electrodes, wires with more than one layer of coating or sheathing material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
    • B23K35/3603—Halide salts

Definitions

  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum electrode that would weld deposit on aluminum base metal with minimum fusion (melting) of the base metal.
  • the novel electrode is a coated electrode having a core which consists principally of aluminum and copper.
  • the aluminum can be either pure aluminum (with impurities) or an aluminum alloy such as for example an aluminum alloy with up to 13 percent by weight silicon.
  • the copper can be either pure copper or one of the well-known copper alloys such as those alloys known as brasses, bronzes or nickel silvers.
  • the core can be a copper or copper alloy tube with aluminum or an aluminum alloy filler inside the tube or conversely an aluminum or aluminum alloy tube with a copper or copper alloy filler in the tube.
  • the tube filler can be of any suitable form such as a solid rod, another tube, a number of wires or powder.
  • the core must have from 2 to 30 percent by volume of copper or copper alloy with 5 to percent by volume of copper or copper alloy being preferred.
  • the copper or copper alloys and aluminum or aluminum alloys contain the minor impurities usually found in these metals.
  • the flux coating is made to contain one or more fluorides and one or more chlorides, the fluoride content consisting of the fluoride of one or more of the metals of the group which consists of aluminum, sodium, lithium, potassium, barium, calcium, zinc, tin and cadmium, and the chloride content consisting of the chloride of one or more of the metals of the same group.
  • the coating include not less than 15 percent flouride and not less than 55 chloride; the ranges; therefore, being fluoride content 15 to 45 percent and chloride content 55 to 85 percent.
  • a typical example of a rod composition which has been found to yield very satisfactory results is; a core comprising a copper tube filled with a rod of an aluminum alloy having aluminum 85 percent, silicon 15 percent, coated with a flux compound as follows: fluoride 30 percent; chloride 70 percent.
  • the electrode of the present invention has been found to be lower melting than aluminum and therefore can be weld deposited on aluminum without excessive fusion (melting) of the aluminum base metal.
  • the weld deposit of the present invention is much more dense (porosity free) as contrasted by the weld deposits of known aluminum electrodes.
  • the welding electrode deposits a weld deposit having a hardness in the range of Rockwell B (scale) 50. This hardness is much higher than the hardness of pure aluminum or the widely used aluminum-silicon alloys which means that the present electrode can be used as an aluminum hardfacing electrode.
  • no aluminum hardfacing electrode has been known.
  • the present electrode has good weldability and excellent surface-wetting characteristics.
  • a coated electrode having a core comprising copper or a copper alloy and aluminum or an aluminum alloy wherein the copper or the copper alloy comprises from 2 to 30 percent by volume of the core and a coating composed of the fluoride of at least one of the metals chosen from the group consisting of aluminum, sodium, lithium, potassium, barium, calcium, zinc, tin and cadmium; and the chloride of at least one of the metals chosen from the same oup.
  • the electrode 0 claim 1 wherein said fluoride content constituting 15 to 45 percent of the coating, and the chloride content constituting the remainder.
  • the electrode having a core comprising a tube of copper or copper alloy and a filler metal of aluminum or an aluminum alloy inside said tube said core having a coating composed of the fluoride of at least one of the metals chosen from the group consisting of aluminum, sodium, lithium, potassium, barium, calcium, zinc, tin and cadmium; and the chloride of at least one of the metals chosen from the same group.
  • the electrode having a core comprising a tube of aluminum 'or an aluminum alloy and a filler metal of copper or a copper alloy inside said tube said core having a coating composed of the fluoride of at least one of the metals chosen from the group consisting of aluminum, sodium, lithium, potassium, barium, calcium, zinc, tin and cadmium; and the chloride of at least one of the metals chosen from the same group.
  • said core comprises 2 to 30 percent by volume of copper or a copper base alloy.
  • a coated electrode of claim 1 comprising:
  • A. a core comprising:
  • the coating comprising:
  • a fluoride selected from the group consisting of aluminum, sodium, lithium, potassium, barium, calcium, zinc, tin and cadmium;
  • chloride selected from the group consisting of aluminum, sodium, lithium, potassium, barium, calcium, zinc, tin and cadmium.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

This invention comprises a coated electrode having a core of copper or a copper alloy and aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The coating of the electrode is composed of the fluoride of at least one of the metals chosen from the group consisting of aluminum, sodium, lithium, potassium, barium, calcium, zinc, tin and cadmium, and the chloride of at least one of the metals chosen from the same group.

Description

United States Patent A. David Joaph New Canaan, Conn. 770,787
Oct. 25, 1968 Nov. 16, 1971 Eutectic Corporation Flushing, N.Y.
[ 72] Inventor [21 Appl. No. [22] Filed [45] Patented [73] Assignee [54] WELDING ELECTRODE 10 Claims, No Drawings [52] US. Cl 219/146, 1 17/202, 1 17/206, 148/26 51 Int. Cl 823k 35/22 [50] Field of Search 117/202,
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,115,317 10/1914 Kjellberg 117/206 1,763,417 6/ 1930 Clark 1 17/202 2,632,080 3/1953 Wassennan 1 17/206 Primary Examiner-William L. Jarvis Attorney-Gladstone 1'1. Kapralos WELDING ELECTRODE It is the general object of the present invention to provide an aluminum electrode that would be capable of depositing a weld deposit on an aluminum base metal wherein said weld deposit has a greater hardness than the aluminum base metal.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum electrode that would weld deposit on aluminum base metal with minimum fusion (melting) of the base metal.
Other objects and advantages will also be observed as the description of this invention proceeds.
The novel electrode is a coated electrode having a core which consists principally of aluminum and copper. The aluminum can be either pure aluminum (with impurities) or an aluminum alloy such as for example an aluminum alloy with up to 13 percent by weight silicon. The copper can be either pure copper or one of the well-known copper alloys such as those alloys known as brasses, bronzes or nickel silvers.
The core can be a copper or copper alloy tube with aluminum or an aluminum alloy filler inside the tube or conversely an aluminum or aluminum alloy tube with a copper or copper alloy filler in the tube. The tube filler can be of any suitable form such as a solid rod, another tube, a number of wires or powder.
It has been found that the core must have from 2 to 30 percent by volume of copper or copper alloy with 5 to percent by volume of copper or copper alloy being preferred.
As is understood by those skilled in the art, the copper or copper alloys and aluminum or aluminum alloys contain the minor impurities usually found in these metals.
The flux coating is made to contain one or more fluorides and one or more chlorides, the fluoride content consisting of the fluoride of one or more of the metals of the group which consists of aluminum, sodium, lithium, potassium, barium, calcium, zinc, tin and cadmium, and the chloride content consisting of the chloride of one or more of the metals of the same group.
It is important that the coating include not less than 15 percent flouride and not less than 55 chloride; the ranges; therefore, being fluoride content 15 to 45 percent and chloride content 55 to 85 percent.
A typical example of a rod composition which has been found to yield very satisfactory results is; a core comprising a copper tube filled with a rod of an aluminum alloy having aluminum 85 percent, silicon 15 percent, coated with a flux compound as follows: fluoride 30 percent; chloride 70 percent.
The electrode of the present invention has been found to be lower melting than aluminum and therefore can be weld deposited on aluminum without excessive fusion (melting) of the aluminum base metal. In addition, the weld deposit of the present invention is much more dense (porosity free) as contrasted by the weld deposits of known aluminum electrodes.
The most important asset of the present invention is the fact that the welding electrode deposits a weld deposit having a hardness in the range of Rockwell B (scale) 50. This hardness is much higher than the hardness of pure aluminum or the widely used aluminum-silicon alloys which means that the present electrode can be used as an aluminum hardfacing electrode. Heretofore no aluminum hardfacing electrode has been known.
Additionally, the present electrode has good weldability and excellent surface-wetting characteristics.
The foregoing specification describes the more desirable embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood that the teachings of this invention encompasses other similar embodiments which should be considered as encompassed within the spirit of the invention as defined in the claims.
I claim:
1. A coated electrode having a core comprising copper or a copper alloy and aluminum or an aluminum alloy wherein the copper or the copper alloy comprises from 2 to 30 percent by volume of the core and a coating composed of the fluoride of at least one of the metals chosen from the group consisting of aluminum, sodium, lithium, potassium, barium, calcium, zinc, tin and cadmium; and the chloride of at least one of the metals chosen from the same oup.
2. The electrode 0 claim 1 wherein said fluoride content constituting 15 to 45 percent of the coating, and the chloride content constituting the remainder.
3. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said copper alloy is pure copper.
4. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said aluminum alloy is pure aluminum.
5. The electrode having a core comprising a tube of copper or copper alloy and a filler metal of aluminum or an aluminum alloy inside said tube said core having a coating composed of the fluoride of at least one of the metals chosen from the group consisting of aluminum, sodium, lithium, potassium, barium, calcium, zinc, tin and cadmium; and the chloride of at least one of the metals chosen from the same group.
6. The electrode having a core comprising a tube of aluminum 'or an aluminum alloy and a filler metal of copper or a copper alloy inside said tube said core having a coating composed of the fluoride of at least one of the metals chosen from the group consisting of aluminum, sodium, lithium, potassium, barium, calcium, zinc, tin and cadmium; and the chloride of at least one of the metals chosen from the same group.
7. The electrode of claim 5 wherein said core comprises 2 to 30 percent by volume of copper or a copper base alloy.
8. The electrode of claim 7 wherein said core comprises 5 to 20 percent by volume of copper or a copper base alloy.
9. The electrode of claim 6 wherein said core comprises 2 to 30 percent by volume of copper or a copper base alloy.
10. A coated electrode of claim 1 comprising:
A. a core comprising:
1. a copper tube filled with 2. an aluminum alloy having percent aluminum, 15
percent silicon B. a coating on the core, the coating comprising:
1. 30 percent of a fluoride selected from the group consisting of aluminum, sodium, lithium, potassium, barium, calcium, zinc, tin and cadmium; and
2. 70 percent of chloride selected from the group consisting of aluminum, sodium, lithium, potassium, barium, calcium, zinc, tin and cadmium.
I II I I i

Claims (11)

  1. 2. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said fluoride content constituting 15 to 45 percent of the coating, and the chloride content constituting the remainder.
  2. 2. an aluminum alloy having 85 percent aluminum, 15 percent silicon B. a coating on the core, the coating comprising:
  3. 2. 70 percent of chloride selected from the group consisting of aluminum, sodium, lithium, potassium, barium, calcium, zinc, tin and cadmium.
  4. 3. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said copper alloy is pure copper.
  5. 4. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said aluminum alloy is pure aluminum.
  6. 5. The electrode having a core comprising a tube of copper or copper alloy and a filler metal of aluminum or an aluminum alloy inside said tube said core having a coating composed of the fluoride of at least one of the metals chosen from the group consisting of aluminum, sodium, lithium, potassium, barium, calcium, zinc, tin and cadmium; and the chloride of at least one of the metals chosen from the same group.
  7. 6. The electrode having a core comprising a tube of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and a filler metal of copper or a copper alloy inside said tube said core having a coating composed of the fluoride of at least one of the metals chosen from the group consisting of aluminum, sodium, lithium, potassium, barium, calcium, zinc, tin and cadmium; and the chloride of at least one of the metals chosen from the same group.
  8. 7. The electrode of claim 5 wherein said core comprises 2 to 30 percent by volume of copper or a copper base alloy.
  9. 8. The electrode of claim 7 wherein said core comprises 5 to 20 percent by volume of copper or a copper base alloy.
  10. 9. The electrode of claim 6 wherein said core comprises 2 to 30 percent by volume of copper or a copper base alloy.
  11. 10. A coated electrode of claim 1 comprising: A. a core comprising:
US770787A 1968-10-25 1968-10-25 Welding electrode Expired - Lifetime US3621188A (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3670135A (en) * 1971-06-02 1972-06-13 Stoody Co Arc welding electrode and process for stainless steel
US3800120A (en) * 1972-05-26 1974-03-26 D Helton Flux cored electrode
US3865578A (en) * 1972-01-25 1975-02-11 Aikoh Co Composition for treating steels
US3892561A (en) * 1972-02-28 1975-07-01 Aikoh Company Ltd Composition for treating steels
US3936326A (en) * 1974-11-01 1976-02-03 Th. Goldschmidt Ag Smokeless fluxing agent for hot-tinning, hot-galvanizing, and hot-leading of articles made from iron
US4131493A (en) * 1974-01-22 1978-12-26 Gurevich Samuil M Flux-cored welding wire
US5223349A (en) * 1992-06-01 1993-06-29 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Copper clad aluminum composite wire
EP1083021A2 (en) * 1997-03-20 2001-03-14 Rustam Mannapovich Saidov Welding flux
US20100102049A1 (en) * 2008-10-24 2010-04-29 Keegan James M Electrodes having lithium aluminum alloy and methods

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1115317A (en) * 1912-01-29 1914-10-27 Oscar Kjellberg Preparing electrodes for electric welding or soldering.
US1763417A (en) * 1927-03-29 1930-06-10 Alloy Welding Processes Ltd Electrode for electric welding or soldering
US2632080A (en) * 1950-07-20 1953-03-17 Rene D Wasserman Welding electrode

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1115317A (en) * 1912-01-29 1914-10-27 Oscar Kjellberg Preparing electrodes for electric welding or soldering.
US1763417A (en) * 1927-03-29 1930-06-10 Alloy Welding Processes Ltd Electrode for electric welding or soldering
US2632080A (en) * 1950-07-20 1953-03-17 Rene D Wasserman Welding electrode

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3670135A (en) * 1971-06-02 1972-06-13 Stoody Co Arc welding electrode and process for stainless steel
US3865578A (en) * 1972-01-25 1975-02-11 Aikoh Co Composition for treating steels
US3892561A (en) * 1972-02-28 1975-07-01 Aikoh Company Ltd Composition for treating steels
US3800120A (en) * 1972-05-26 1974-03-26 D Helton Flux cored electrode
US4131493A (en) * 1974-01-22 1978-12-26 Gurevich Samuil M Flux-cored welding wire
US3936326A (en) * 1974-11-01 1976-02-03 Th. Goldschmidt Ag Smokeless fluxing agent for hot-tinning, hot-galvanizing, and hot-leading of articles made from iron
US5223349A (en) * 1992-06-01 1993-06-29 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Copper clad aluminum composite wire
EP1083021A2 (en) * 1997-03-20 2001-03-14 Rustam Mannapovich Saidov Welding flux
EP1083021A4 (en) * 1997-03-20 2002-01-02 Rustam Mannapovich Saidov Welding flux
US20100102049A1 (en) * 2008-10-24 2010-04-29 Keegan James M Electrodes having lithium aluminum alloy and methods

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