US3620826A - Process for improving soiling characteristics of hydrophobic textile material - Google Patents
Process for improving soiling characteristics of hydrophobic textile material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3620826A US3620826A US3620826DA US3620826A US 3620826 A US3620826 A US 3620826A US 3620826D A US3620826D A US 3620826DA US 3620826 A US3620826 A US 3620826A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- textile material
- polymer
- soil
- irradiation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001479 Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920013819 hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- MNCGMVDMOKPCSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-phenylethenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MNCGMVDMOKPCSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 32
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 14
- -1 e.g. Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005108 dry cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-OUBTZVSYSA-N Cobalt-60 Chemical compound [60Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920004934 Dacron® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000913968 Ipomoea purpurea Chalcone synthase C Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000011782 Keratins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010076876 Keratins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003091 Methocel™ Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000907988 Petunia hybrida Chalcone-flavanone isomerase C Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VQKFNUFAXTZWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-methylfuran Natural products CC1=CC=CO1 VQKFNUFAXTZWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010747 number 6 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- NEPFZOIVKGKPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-phenylethenesulfonic acid;prop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C.OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 NEPFZOIVKGKPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010148 water-pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/04—Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/08—Organic compounds
- D06M10/10—Macromolecular compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2279—Coating or impregnation improves soil repellency, soil release, or anti- soil redeposition qualities of fabric
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to a process for improving the soiling characteristics of textile material containing hydrophobic constituents and the resulting products.
- Textile material containing synthetic constituents which are of the minimum care, hydrophobic genus, possess an affinity for attracting and tenaciously holding oily soil.
- Such materials, and particularly polyester/cotton materials have gained prominence in the textile industry, but the greatest single disadvantage is probably their soiling characteristics.
- the polyester constituent of the blend is hydrophobic and has a great affinity for soil, especially oil-bome soil. Once the polyester becomes soiled, the removal of the soil by normal laundering techniques, i.e., washing in a home washer with a specified amount of detergent, is almost impossible due to the hydrophobic characteristics of the fiber.
- any soil that is removed from the polyester/cotton blend in the normal wash cycle has an affinity for redeposition onto the textile material before completion of the wash cycle. This redeposition is compounded with each wash, and accordingly, the material becomes progressively darker or dingier with succeeding washes.
- U.S. Pat. No. 2,999,774 to Schappel features the utilization of silica particles and a salt of a multivalent metal for the purpose of rendering a fabric soil resistant.
- U.S. Pat. No. 2,734,835 to Florio et al. employs at least two hydrous stable metal oxides selected from aluminum silica, titanium, beryllium, cerium, cobalt, germanium, manganese, tin, zinc and zirconium.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,089,778 to Pierce et al. teaches the utilization of a water-insoluble basic aluminum salt having an ultimate particle size of less than 0.5 microns US. Pat. No.
- Pat. No. 2,876,141 to Matthews employs a solution containing (1 mineral oil, (2 base cordage oil, (3 oleic acid and (4 a cationic wetting agent, e.g., trimethyl-B-oleamidocthyl ammonium sulfate to improve the soil resistance of fabric.
- a cationic wetting agent e.g., trimethyl-B-oleamidocthyl ammonium sulfate
- the present invention is directed to a process for improving the soiling characte tics of a textile material containing a hydrophobic constituent which comprises applying to the textile material an aqueous solution comprising a hydrophilic, water dispersible polymer and then subjecting the textile material to irradiation.
- the hydrophilic polymer is believed to form an insoluble, cross-linked, hydrophilie film around the constituents of the textile material, facilitating removal of soil from the textile material and also decreasing redeposition of soil from wash water onto the material.
- the textile material may include cellulosic fibers for example, cotton, paper, linen, jute, flax, regenerated cellulosic fibers including viscose rayon, and the like.
- the present invention is particularly useful for textile material containing both cellulosic as well as noncellulosichydrophobic fibers, particularly fibers having minimum care characteristics of own.
- mixtures of cellulosic fibers with synthetic polymeric fibers such as polyesters, including poly(ethylene terephthalate); polyamides, e.g., poly(hexamethylene adipamide); acrylic fibers, including polyacrylonitrile and copolymers containing about percent or more combined acrylonitrile; polyolefins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like are acceptable.
- synthetic polymeric fibers such as polyesters, including poly(ethylene terephthalate); polyamides, e.g., poly(hexamethylene adipamide); acrylic fibers, including polyacrylonitrile and copolymers containing about percent or more combined acrylonitrile; polyolefins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like are acceptable.
- the process of the present invention may likewise be applied to natural polymeric substrates, for example, keratin fibers, particularly wool. Such fibers also may be blended with synthetic polymeric fibers as desired.
- the textile material is treated in the form of fibers, yarns, threads, or fabrics.
- fabrics can be woven, nonwoven, knitted, printed, dyed or otherwise treated prior to irradiation or thereafter as desired.
- hydrophilic water dispersible polymer useful in the process of the present invention to improve the soil release and soil redisposition properties of textile material are polymers consisting essentially of one or more of the following where R, and R are selected from the group consisting of 3 S;M and Q-aom where M is hydrogen, an alkali metal or ammonia; provided R and R are not hydrogen simultaneously;
- R is selected from the group consisting of H and where R R and R are selected from the group consisting of Cl-l C H and --CH Cl-l Ol-l, provided R R, and R are not hydrogen simultaneously.
- polyacrylic acid polyvinyl alcohol hydroxyethyl cellulose methyl cellulose acrylic acid/sodium styrene sulfonate copolymer polyethylene oxide polypropylene oxide copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide polyvinyl pyrrolidone polyacrylamide water-soluble polyurethanes made from a polyalkylene ether glycol and a diisocyanate, and terminated in -OH.
- polymers set forth above require preswelling prior to irradiation e.g., polymers typified by Group III, such as methyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose. If these polymers are not preswelled, degradation may result during irradiation, rendering the product unsatisfactory.
- Other polymers are more useful if preswelled, e.g., polyvinyl alcohol. Such polymers may be preswelled in water and applied as an aqueous solution to the textile material. They are then irradiated in the wet state.
- a further criterion for the hydrophilic polymers is that the molecular weight of the polymers be more than about 25,000. If the molecular weight is lower, durable soil release and/or soil redeposition characteristics may be achieved. The upper limit for molecular weight of the polymers is governed primarily by viscosity and ease of application.
- Polymers that may be employed in practicing the present invention may be applied to the textile material in any suitable manner.
- Exemplary are the various means for applying polymers to textile material including padding, spraying dip coating, knife coating, printing and the like. Of these methods, padding preferred.
- the bath need only contain the polymer, water and a wetting agent, if required.
- additional properties are desired for the textile material, such as wash and wear characteristics or durable press properties then textile resin or other appropriate chemicals for imparting these properties may be added to the pad bath.
- the textile material is dried after padding and before irradiation. Drying prior to irradiation of the textile material is preferred since irradiation in the wet state tends to impart stiffness to a fabric. According'ly, depending upon the use of the fabric an its requisite hand, either a wet or dry state irradiation process may be employed. With polymers that must be preswelled, however, irradiation is conducted in the presence of the swelling agent for the particular polymer.
- the polymers maybe successfully employed according to the teachings of the present invention over a wide range of concentrations. It should be noted that there is a direct relationship between the amount of polymer applied to the textile material and its ability to release soil or to prevent redeposition of soil. Preferably, however, the process is practiced to provide a pickup of at least 0.1 percent on the dry weight of the fabric, with the upper limit being dictated by the ultimate use of the fabric, bearing in mind that the more polymer added to the fabric, the stiffer the hand.
- the irradiation of the textile material may be accomplished in any desirable manner.
- the term irradiation refers to that energy which is propagated through space, the possibility of propagation not being conditioned on the presence of matter, as distinguished from mere mechanical agitation in materials such as is characteristic of the energy produced by sonic or ultrasonic transducers, although the speed, direction and amount of energy transferred may be less effective as a result of the presence of matter.
- the level of radiation used in accordance with the present invention is that having sufficient energy to remove an electronic gas atom forming an ion pair.
- the source of radiation is not critical to the present invention although differences and particular radiation sources may require a different procedure for practicing the present invention.
- sources of irradiation are electrons, protons, neutrons, alpha particles and the like from the high energy particle sources.
- ionizing electromagnetic radiation sources such as gamma rays, X- rays and the like are likewise useful and may be used in practice of the present invention.
- the source of radiation may be an isotope such as cobalt 60, cesium I37, etc., or apparatus in which an electron accelerator is employed along with a scanner to provide the desired radiation does to a textile material.
- Radiation dosages within the range of L000 to 100,000,000 rads may be utilized, a rad being defined as the amount of high energy irradiation that leads to an energy absorption of l00 ergs in the absorbing material.
- the preferred range of radiation dosage lies between about 0.l megarads and I0 megarads and most preferably between 1 and 4 megarads.
- the textile material is in a wet state when irradiated, the aesthetic properties thereof are affected, specifically, the hand of the fabric is stiffened. For example, at moisture levels above about 40 percent by weight, a somewhat stiff product is produced, whereas at moisture levels between about 5 and 30 percent and preferably below about 15 percent, a satisfactory hand is achieved in the final product. If, however, the textile material is to be used in drapes, upholstery fabrics, tablecloths, and the like, a somewhat stiffer hand may be acceptable, and for these particular end uses, the intermediate step of drying the textile material prior to irradiation may be omitted.
- the dosage of irradiation referred to above does not refer to the dose rate emitted by the irradiation source, but refers to the total dosage. It may be advantageous to use a low does rate from the irradiation source and make several passes of the material past the irradiation source to produce the total does level desired. On the other hand, the emission from the irradiation source may be increased and the number of passes decreased. One factor which may affect the choice is the particular textile material being employed.
- the process of the present invention may be used with a process designed to impart either wash and wear or durable press characteristics to textile fabrics. ln the event wash and wear characteristics are desired, the textile resin or other material used to impart wash and wear characteristics may be applied with the hydrophilic cross-linkable polymer of the present invention.
- the irradiation step is then conducted after which the textile material is heated under textile curing conditions to produce wash and wear characteristics. For durable press properties, the various chemical may be applied and thereafter the textile material is subjected to irradiation.
- a garment or article is prepared from the textile material and while held in a desired position, the treated material is subjected to curing conditions, etc., providing the garment or article with a memory of the particular configuration in which it is held during curing.
- A. Elvanol 72-60 polyvinyl alcohol sold by E. l. du Pont De Nemours and Company, is added slowly to cold water at a temperature of 2030 C. while stirring at high speeds. Stirring is continued for about minutes after the polyvinyl alcohol has wetted out. The mixture then is heated at 90 C. with a steam bath until the polyvinyl alcohol dissolves.
- Bordens polyacrylic acid (25 percent solids) is diluted with water to prepare a 4 percent solution.
- a copolymer of acrylic acid-sodium styrene sulfonate (90/10) is diluted with water to prepare a 4 percent solution.
- E. Methocel 65HG methyl cellulose marketed by Dow Chemical Company is added to about one-third of a quantity of hot water at a temperature of 80-90 C. as the water is being agitated. The agitation is continued until the methyl cellulose is completely wetted out. The remaining two-thirds of the water is then added at room temperature and mixture is agitated until solution is complete.
- Polyox WSRN-80 polyethylene oxide sold by Union Carbide, is added slowly to water containing a few drops of Syn-Fae 905 as the water is being agitated.
- the fabric samples After soaking the polyester/cotton swatches in the various solutions prepared above for a sufficient time to insure complete wetting of the fabric, the fabric samples are passed through padding rolls operating at 40 pounds per square inch pressure to provide a wet pickup of approximately 50 weight percent.
- the fabric samples are placed on a pin frame and irradiated to a total dose of about 2 megarads (two passes under the electron accelerator at a speed of about 48 feet per minute with a dosage rate of about 1.0 megarads per pass).
- Each of the irradiated samples is then dried at 105C. for 1% minutes, pressed for 5 seconds under steam, 2 seconds under bake and 5 seconds under vacuum, and finally cured at 305 F. for about minutes.
- Each of the samples of treated fabric is then divided into two equal portions and tested for improved soil redeposition properties by subjecting the same to dirty washes as described below.
- each of the samples is placed in an automatic washing machine filled to the high water level with hot water (140 C.) and 1% cups of Tide, a commercial detergent sold by Proctor and Gamble.
- a soil solution prepared as follows is then placed in a lOO ml. beaker at the position where water returns to the wash tub from the filter. The soil solution is so positioned to insure its distribution throughout the wash water to provide even application of dirt, if any, to the fabric samples.
- the soil solution is prepared by placing 10 grams of used dry cleaning powder, 15 grams of Squibb mineral oil, 1 gram of No. 6 fuel oil and 1 gram of Tide in a ml. beaker. Fifteen grams of warm water are then added to the contents of the beaker after which stirring insures good mixing of the contents of the beaker.
- each of the samples are subjected to 10 dirty washes and then 10 clean" washes (without the soil solution in the wash water). As a final treatment, these samples are subjected to one additional dirty wash after the l0 clean washes. The samples show no significant improvement over the first group of samples, and in fact are a little more dirty. This test indicates that the soil redeposited on the fabric cannot later be removed by normal washing, even l0 normal washings. Ratings of the second group of samples are recorded in table lll.
- Gel formation generally occurs in a film formed of the polymer after being subjected to irradiation. Also, the polymer becomes water insoluble, at least to some degree, while retaining its hydrophilic characteristics.
- the following example indicates subjectively the degree of gellation of film formed by varying percent solids solution.
- EXAMPLE I A 25 percent aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid sold by Borden is diluted with water to prepare solutions having the concentrations indicated in table lV. Thin layers of each of the solutions are placed in a glass dish and subjected to irradiation dosages as indicated in table IV.
- Samples 7 and 8 are post heated at 100 C. for 10 minutes. Samples 10, ll and 12 are dried to film at 95 C. for 30 minutes prior to irradiation. All of the samples are then immersed in hot water, where the samples with the exception of the nonirradiated sample swell showing gel formation. Thus, it appears that gel formation upon exposure to irradiation is a desirable characteristic of polymers of the present invention.
- Post heat treatment does not actually appear to contribute to improved soil redeposition characteristics, but it may prevent yellowing of the fabric. Effects of the heat treatment are set forth in the following example.
- EXAMPLE lll Bordens commercial polyacrylic acid solution 25 percent solids, is diluted with water to prepare a 2 percent solution. This solution is padded onto polyester/cotton (65/35) samples at about 60 percent wet pickup level. The individual fabric samples are treated as indicated in table V, being washed thoroughly with demineralized water before analysis.
- invention is useful for textile material with minimum care characteristics such as wash and wear and durable press.
- a process for improving the soiling characteristics of hydrophobic textile material comprising applying thereto an aqueous solution comprising a hydrophilic, water dispersible polymer in an amount between about 0.1 and 10 percent based on the weight of the textile material, subjecting the polymer treated textile material to between I and I0 megarads irradiation, and heating the irradiated textile material to an elevated temperature; said polymer consisting essentially of monomeric groups selected from whereHR, and R are selected from the group consisting of CO-OH;
- M is hydrogen, an alkali metal or ammonia; provided R and R are not hydrogen simultaneously;
- R R and R are selected from the group ctifiiiii'g'or -H, CH -C,H and -CH,CH OH, provided R R, and R are not hydrogen simultaneously, and said polymer containing group III is preswelled.
- a process for improving the soiling characteristics of polyester/cotton fabric comprising applying thereto an aqueous solution of a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid, polyethlene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, a copolymer of acrylic
- a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid, polyethlene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, a copolymer of acrylic
- the present invention provides a novel process for improving the soiling characteristics of hydrophobic textile material. Furthermore, the invention provides for the improvement of soil redeposition characteristics of textile material formed of blends of synthetic polymeric fibers and cellulosic fibers. Moreover, the present invention provides a novel process for improving the soiling characteristics of hydrophobic textile material. Furthermore, the invention provides for the improvement of soil redeposition characteristics of textile material formed of blends of synthetic polymeric fibers and cellulosic fibers. Moreover, the
- polystyrene sulfonate polypropylene oxide, a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, polyurethane, methyl cellulose. hydroxyethyl cellulose, and ethyl cellulose, said polymer being applied to the fabric in an amount between about 0.1 to 10 percent based on the weight of the fabric; irradiating said fabric to a total dosage of at least 0.1 megarad and thereafter heating said fabric between about 75 to C. for at least about 5 minutes.
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Abstract
A process for improving the soiling characteristics of hydrophobic textile material which comprises applying thereto an aqueous solution comprising a hydrophilic water dispersible polymer and irradiating the textile material. Products are also included.
Description
United States Patent Inventor Appl. No. Filed Patented Assignee PROCESS FOR IMPROVING SOILING CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROPI-IOBIC TEXTILE Greville Machell [50] Field of Search l 17/ 1 39.5 Spartanhurg,S.C. C, 139.5 R, 138.8 F, 143 R,145,l66,l61Ul1-l.161 ,707 01-115, 165,93.31,161 UlC, 161 1U,161 UHN,161 KP; July 20, 1967 i 204/159.l5; 8/115.6 Nov. 16, I971 Deering Milliken Research Corporation References Cited Spartanburg, S.C. UNlTED STATES PATENTS 2,955,961 10/1960 Koller 117/161 X 3,236,685 2/1966 Caldwell et al. 117/138.8
Primary Examiner-William D. Martin Assistant Examiner-Theodore G. Davis Attorneys-Norman C. Armitage and H. William Petry MATERIAL 5 Claims, No Drawings 1.8. CI ..l17/139-5CQ, ABSTRACT: A process for improving the soiling chm-acll7l93.31, l17/l38 .8 F, 117/143 A, teristics of hydrophobic textile material which comprises ap- 117/ 139.5 A plying thereto an aqueous solution comprising a hydrophilic Int. Cl 844d l/50, water dispersible polymer and irradiating the textile material.
D06m 15/08 Products are also included.
PROCESS FOR IMPROVING SOILING CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROPI-IOBIC TEXTILE MATERIAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a process for improving the soiling characteristics of textile material containing hydrophobic constituents and the resulting products.
Textile material containing synthetic constituents, which are of the minimum care, hydrophobic genus, possess an affinity for attracting and tenaciously holding oily soil. Such materials, and particularly polyester/cotton materials, have gained prominence in the textile industry, but the greatest single disadvantage is probably their soiling characteristics. As the use of these blends in garments, etc., increases, the soiling problem becomes more and more significant. The polyester constituent of the blend is hydrophobic and has a great affinity for soil, especially oil-bome soil. Once the polyester becomes soiled, the removal of the soil by normal laundering techniques, i.e., washing in a home washer with a specified amount of detergent, is almost impossible due to the hydrophobic characteristics of the fiber. In other words, once the soilbecomes ingrained in the polyester, the hydrophobic properties thereof prevent the ingress of water which is required to remove the soil or the attraction between the soil and the fiber is sufficiently strong that water will not remove the soil. Likewise, any soil that is removed from the polyester/cotton blend in the normal wash cycle has an affinity for redeposition onto the textile material before completion of the wash cycle. This redeposition is compounded with each wash, and accordingly, the material becomes progressively darker or dingier with succeeding washes. These soiling characteristics normally found in textile material containing both cellulosic and noneellulosic, synthetic, hydrophobic materials soon render the article or garment unacceptable for wear.
From the genesis of polyester materials, numerous attempts have been made to solve the previously discussed soiling problems. These attempts, however, have been mainly directed to the concept of rendering the textile material, e.g., fabric or garments soil resistant. In other words, attempts have been made to treat the textile material in such a manner that the soil will not become affixed thereto. Generally speaking, such attempts while possibly successful to a degree in tending the fabric soil resistant, also adversely affect the fabric in numerous ways whereby the process is unacceptable from a commercial standpoint.
PRIOR ART U.S. Pat. No. 2,999,774 to Schappel features the utilization of silica particles and a salt of a multivalent metal for the purpose of rendering a fabric soil resistant. U.S. Pat. No. 2,734,835 to Florio et al., employs at least two hydrous stable metal oxides selected from aluminum silica, titanium, beryllium, cerium, cobalt, germanium, manganese, tin, zinc and zirconium. U.S. Pat. No. 3,089,778 to Pierce et al., teaches the utilization of a water-insoluble basic aluminum salt having an ultimate particle size of less than 0.5 microns US. Pat. No. 2,992,943 to Coover et al., while not purely related to inorganic materials is directed to the prevention of dry soiling only. In other words, the Coover et al. treatment dictates the use of a water-soluble compound (an alkyl titanate and an organic solvent) and to obtain the desired soil resistant properties requires a dry cleaning process to clean the material.
The organic approach to the soiling problem of synthetic fiber containing fabrics also has been attempted. U.S. Pat. No. 3,236,685 to Caldwell et al., render a fabric antistatic and soilresistant by coating a fabric with a solution or solutions containing a polymeric acid defined as containing -COOH, -SO=H and/or -PO H, groups. Additionally, a compound containing a polyol or a compound having incorporated therein epoxide groups is included which under proper conditions reacts with the acid to form an ester. U.S. Pat. No.
3,152,920 to Caldwell et al., is a complement of the above patent wherein, instead of reacting the polymeric acid with a polyol or an epoxide, the polymeric acid is reacted with the reaction product of a polyol and a polyisocyanate. U.S. Pat. No. 3,090,704 to Collins et al., is directed to a terpolymer for rendering a fabric soil resistant consisting of (l a compound having a cross-linking component, (2 a compound having an anionic component, e.g., an alkali metal salt of an aromatic sulfonic acid and (3 a compound having a strong nonionizable, norihydratable permanent or induced dipole. U.S. Pat. No. 2,876,141 to Matthews employs a solution containing (1 mineral oil, (2 base cordage oil, (3 oleic acid and (4 a cationic wetting agent, e.g., trimethyl-B-oleamidocthyl ammonium sulfate to improve the soil resistance of fabric.
Irradiation techniques for polymer combinations have been suggested. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,075,904 to DAlelio teaches the irradiation of a linear, aliphatic, saturated polymeric ester substrate in the presence of a polyunsaturated modifier. Miller, U.S. Pat. No. 2,895,891 teaches that certain nonsalt containing cellulosic compounds will cross-link under the influence of ionizing radiation when in a wet state. Additionally, numerous patents are directed to the irradiation treatment of monomeric or polymeric materials.
DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION In contrast to the above, the present invention is directed to a process for improving the soiling characte tics of a textile material containing a hydrophobic constituent which comprises applying to the textile material an aqueous solution comprising a hydrophilic, water dispersible polymer and then subjecting the textile material to irradiation. The hydrophilic polymer is believed to form an insoluble, cross-linked, hydrophilie film around the constituents of the textile material, facilitating removal of soil from the textile material and also decreasing redeposition of soil from wash water onto the material.
The textile material may include cellulosic fibers for example, cotton, paper, linen, jute, flax, regenerated cellulosic fibers including viscose rayon, and the like. The present invention is particularly useful for textile material containing both cellulosic as well as noncellulosichydrophobic fibers, particularly fibers having minimum care characteristics of own. For example, mixtures of cellulosic fibers with synthetic polymeric fibers such as polyesters, including poly(ethylene terephthalate); polyamides, e.g., poly(hexamethylene adipamide); acrylic fibers, including polyacrylonitrile and copolymers containing about percent or more combined acrylonitrile; polyolefins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like are acceptable.
The process of the present invention may likewise be applied to natural polymeric substrates, for example, keratin fibers, particularly wool. Such fibers also may be blended with synthetic polymeric fibers as desired.
The advantages of the process of the present invention are evident whether the textile material is treated in the form of fibers, yarns, threads, or fabrics. such fabrics can be woven, nonwoven, knitted, printed, dyed or otherwise treated prior to irradiation or thereafter as desired.
The hydrophilic water dispersible polymer useful in the process of the present invention to improve the soil release and soil redisposition properties of textile material are polymers consisting essentially of one or more of the following where R, and R are selected from the group consisting of 3 S;M and Q-aom where M is hydrogen, an alkali metal or ammonia; provided R and R are not hydrogen simultaneously;
where R is selected from the group consisting of H and where R R and R are selected from the group consisting of Cl-l C H and --CH Cl-l Ol-l, provided R R, and R are not hydrogen simultaneously.
The following list is exemplary of suitable polymers that may be employed according to the present invention;
polyacrylic acid polyvinyl alcohol hydroxyethyl cellulose methyl cellulose acrylic acid/sodium styrene sulfonate copolymer polyethylene oxide polypropylene oxide copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide polyvinyl pyrrolidone polyacrylamide water-soluble polyurethanes made from a polyalkylene ether glycol and a diisocyanate, and terminated in -OH.
Some of the polymers set forth above require preswelling prior to irradiation e.g., polymers typified by Group III, such as methyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose. If these polymers are not preswelled, degradation may result during irradiation, rendering the product unsatisfactory. Other polymers are more useful if preswelled, e.g., polyvinyl alcohol. Such polymers may be preswelled in water and applied as an aqueous solution to the textile material. They are then irradiated in the wet state.
A further criterion for the hydrophilic polymers is that the molecular weight of the polymers be more than about 25,000. If the molecular weight is lower, durable soil release and/or soil redeposition characteristics may be achieved. The upper limit for molecular weight of the polymers is governed primarily by viscosity and ease of application.
Polymers that may be employed in practicing the present invention may be applied to the textile material in any suitable manner. Exemplary are the various means for applying polymers to textile material including padding, spraying dip coating, knife coating, printing and the like. Of these methods, padding preferred.
In preparing a pad bath for applying the hydrophilic polymer, the bath need only contain the polymer, water and a wetting agent, if required. However, if additional properties are desired for the textile material, such as wash and wear characteristics or durable press properties then textile resin or other appropriate chemicals for imparting these properties may be added to the pad bath. Preferably, when utilizing polymers that do not have to be preswelled the textile material is dried after padding and before irradiation. Drying prior to irradiation of the textile material is preferred since irradiation in the wet state tends to impart stiffness to a fabric. According'ly, depending upon the use of the fabric an its requisite hand, either a wet or dry state irradiation process may be employed. With polymers that must be preswelled, however, irradiation is conducted in the presence of the swelling agent for the particular polymer.
The polymers maybe successfully employed according to the teachings of the present invention over a wide range of concentrations. It should be noted that there is a direct relationship between the amount of polymer applied to the textile material and its ability to release soil or to prevent redeposition of soil. Preferably, however, the process is practiced to provide a pickup of at least 0.1 percent on the dry weight of the fabric, with the upper limit being dictated by the ultimate use of the fabric, bearing in mind that the more polymer added to the fabric, the stiffer the hand.
The irradiation of the textile material may be accomplished in any desirable manner. The term irradiation" as used herein refers to that energy which is propagated through space, the possibility of propagation not being conditioned on the presence of matter, as distinguished from mere mechanical agitation in materials such as is characteristic of the energy produced by sonic or ultrasonic transducers, although the speed, direction and amount of energy transferred may be less effective as a result of the presence of matter. The level of radiation used in accordance with the present invention is that having sufficient energy to remove an electronic gas atom forming an ion pair. The source of radiation is not critical to the present invention although differences and particular radiation sources may require a different procedure for practicing the present invention. Exemplary of sources of irradiation are electrons, protons, neutrons, alpha particles and the like from the high energy particle sources. Furthermore, ionizing electromagnetic radiation sources such as gamma rays, X- rays and the like are likewise useful and may be used in practice of the present invention. Thus, the source of radiation may be an isotope such as cobalt 60, cesium I37, etc., or apparatus in which an electron accelerator is employed along with a scanner to provide the desired radiation does to a textile material.
Radiation dosages within the range of L000 to 100,000,000 rads may be utilized, a rad being defined as the amount of high energy irradiation that leads to an energy absorption of l00 ergs in the absorbing material. The preferred range of radiation dosage lies between about 0.l megarads and I0 megarads and most preferably between 1 and 4 megarads.
As previously stated, if the textile material is in a wet state when irradiated, the aesthetic properties thereof are affected, specifically, the hand of the fabric is stiffened. For example, at moisture levels above about 40 percent by weight, a somewhat stiff product is produced, whereas at moisture levels between about 5 and 30 percent and preferably below about 15 percent, a satisfactory hand is achieved in the final product. If, however, the textile material is to be used in drapes, upholstery fabrics, tablecloths, and the like, a somewhat stiffer hand may be acceptable, and for these particular end uses, the intermediate step of drying the textile material prior to irradiation may be omitted.
The dosage of irradiation referred to above does not refer to the dose rate emitted by the irradiation source, but refers to the total dosage. It may be advantageous to use a low does rate from the irradiation source and make several passes of the material past the irradiation source to produce the total does level desired. On the other hand, the emission from the irradiation source may be increased and the number of passes decreased. One factor which may affect the choice is the particular textile material being employed.
The process of the present invention, as discussed above, may be used with a process designed to impart either wash and wear or durable press characteristics to textile fabrics. ln the event wash and wear characteristics are desired, the textile resin or other material used to impart wash and wear characteristics may be applied with the hydrophilic cross-linkable polymer of the present invention. The irradiation step is then conducted after which the textile material is heated under textile curing conditions to produce wash and wear characteristics. For durable press properties, the various chemical may be applied and thereafter the textile material is subjected to irradiation. A garment or article is prepared from the textile material and while held in a desired position, the treated material is subjected to curing conditions, etc., providing the garment or article with a memory of the particular configuration in which it is held during curing.
The following examples illustrate procedures for practicing the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise stated, parts and percentages are by weight.
EXAMPLE I Swatches cut from polyester/cotton (65/35 fabric to a size about 12x37 inches are soaked in 4 percent solutions of hydrophilic water dispersible polymers that are prepared as follows:
A. Elvanol 72-60, polyvinyl alcohol sold by E. l. du Pont De Nemours and Company, is added slowly to cold water at a temperature of 2030 C. while stirring at high speeds. Stirring is continued for about minutes after the polyvinyl alcohol has wetted out. The mixture then is heated at 90 C. with a steam bath until the polyvinyl alcohol dissolves.
B. Bordens polyacrylic acid (25 percent solids) is diluted with water to prepare a 4 percent solution.
C. A copolymer of acrylic acid-sodium styrene sulfonate (90/10) is diluted with water to prepare a 4 percent solution.
D. Cellosize WP-09, hydroxyethyl cellulose marketed by Union Carbide, is added slowly to water containing a few drops of Syn-Eac 905, a condensation product of 9.5 moles ethylene oxide per mole of nonyl phenol, marketed by Sylvan Chemical Company, as the water is being stirred.
E. Methocel 65HG, methyl cellulose marketed by Dow Chemical Company is added to about one-third of a quantity of hot water at a temperature of 80-90 C. as the water is being agitated. The agitation is continued until the methyl cellulose is completely wetted out. The remaining two-thirds of the water is then added at room temperature and mixture is agitated until solution is complete.
F. Polyox WSRN-80, polyethylene oxide sold by Union Carbide, is added slowly to water containing a few drops of Syn-Fae 905 as the water is being agitated.
After soaking the polyester/cotton swatches in the various solutions prepared above for a sufficient time to insure complete wetting of the fabric, the fabric samples are passed through padding rolls operating at 40 pounds per square inch pressure to provide a wet pickup of approximately 50 weight percent. The fabric samples are placed on a pin frame and irradiated to a total dose of about 2 megarads (two passes under the electron accelerator at a speed of about 48 feet per minute with a dosage rate of about 1.0 megarads per pass). Each of the irradiated samples is then dried at 105C. for 1% minutes, pressed for 5 seconds under steam, 2 seconds under bake and 5 seconds under vacuum, and finally cured at 305 F. for about minutes. Each of the samples of treated fabric is then divided into two equal portions and tested for improved soil redeposition properties by subjecting the same to dirty washes as described below.
One portion of each of the samples is placed in an automatic washing machine filled to the high water level with hot water (140 C.) and 1% cups of Tide, a commercial detergent sold by Proctor and Gamble. A soil solution, prepared as follows is then placed in a lOO ml. beaker at the position where water returns to the wash tub from the filter. The soil solution is so positioned to insure its distribution throughout the wash water to provide even application of dirt, if any, to the fabric samples.
The soil solution is prepared by placing 10 grams of used dry cleaning powder, 15 grams of Squibb mineral oil, 1 gram of No. 6 fuel oil and 1 gram of Tide in a ml. beaker. Fifteen grams of warm water are then added to the contents of the beaker after which stirring insures good mixing of the contents of the beaker.
The fabric samples are washed a total of five times following the above procedure and then tumble dried. An untreated control included in the five washes is used as a comparison with the treated samples. Results are recorded in table I. The samples are then subjected to 5 additional dirty washes as described supra, yielding the results shown in table ll.
TABLE I Soil Redeposition Study After Five Washes of Various A rating of 5.0 indicates a while fabric and progressively decreasing numbers represent a progressively more dirty fabric.
TABLE ll Soil Redeposition Study After Ten Washes of Various Polymers Cross-Linked on 65 35Dacron/Cotton by Irradiation Wet No.Dirty" Polymer Pickup,% Washes Rating A 54 10 1.5 B 5| [0 1.5 C Sl l0 l.5 D 48 I0 [.0 F. 55 10 3.0 F 51 I0 L0 Control 10 0' The control is much more heavily soiled than any of the treated samples.
The remaining portions of each of the samples are subjected to 10 dirty washes and then 10 clean" washes (without the soil solution in the wash water). As a final treatment, these samples are subjected to one additional dirty wash after the l0 clean washes. The samples show no significant improvement over the first group of samples, and in fact are a little more dirty. This test indicates that the soil redeposited on the fabric cannot later be removed by normal washing, even l0 normal washings. Ratings of the second group of samples are recorded in table lll.
TABLE III Soil Redeposition Study After Dirty Washes Followed by Clean Washes of Various Polymers Cross-Linked on 65/35 Dacron/Cotton by Irradiation Wet No.Dirly" No. "Clean" Polymer Pickup, Washes Washes Rating A 54 ll [0 3.0 B 51 ll 10 3.5 C 51 l I I0 3.5 D 48 l I I0 2.0 E 55 ll l0 4.5 F 5| H l0 [.5 Control I 1 l0 0 The eleventh dirty" wash is the 21st wash. Control is given 0 rating and the best sample (6) is given a 5.0,
Other samples are rated numerically according to comparison with the two standards.
Gel formation generally occurs in a film formed of the polymer after being subjected to irradiation. Also, the polymer becomes water insoluble, at least to some degree, while retaining its hydrophilic characteristics. The following example indicates subjectively the degree of gellation of film formed by varying percent solids solution.
EXAMPLE I] A 25 percent aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid sold by Borden is diluted with water to prepare solutions having the concentrations indicated in table lV. Thin layers of each of the solutions are placed in a glass dish and subjected to irradiation dosages as indicated in table IV.
Samples 7 and 8 are post heated at 100 C. for 10 minutes. Samples 10, ll and 12 are dried to film at 95 C. for 30 minutes prior to irradiation. All of the samples are then immersed in hot water, where the samples with the exception of the nonirradiated sample swell showing gel formation. Thus, it appears that gel formation upon exposure to irradiation is a desirable characteristic of polymers of the present invention.
Another important feature of the present invention is the proper application of heat. Post heat treatment does not actually appear to contribute to improved soil redeposition characteristics, but it may prevent yellowing of the fabric. Effects of the heat treatment are set forth in the following example.
EXAMPLE lll Bordens commercial polyacrylic acid solution, 25 percent solids, is diluted with water to prepare a 2 percent solution. This solution is padded onto polyester/cotton (65/35) samples at about 60 percent wet pickup level. The individual fabric samples are treated as indicated in table V, being washed thoroughly with demineralized water before analysis.
invention is useful for textile material with minimum care characteristics such as wash and wear and durable press.
Having thus disclosed the invention, what is claimed is:
l. A process for improving the soiling characteristics of hydrophobic textile material comprising applying thereto an aqueous solution comprising a hydrophilic, water dispersible polymer in an amount between about 0.1 and 10 percent based on the weight of the textile material, subjecting the polymer treated textile material to between I and I0 megarads irradiation, and heating the irradiated textile material to an elevated temperature; said polymer consisting essentially of monomeric groups selected from whereHR, and R are selected from the group consisting of CO-OH;
OH, COOM, -N
CHz-CH;
s0,M and -sonvrv where M is hydrogen, an alkali metal or ammonia; provided R and R are not hydrogen simultaneously;
III.
, CONI'h, -CONHCH;OH,
where R R and R are selected from the group ctifiiiii'g'or -H, CH -C,H and -CH,CH OH, provided R R, and R are not hydrogen simultaneously, and said polymer containing group III is preswelled.
2. The process as defined in claim 1 wherein the material includes both cellulosic and hydrophobic synthetic fibers.
3. The process as defined in claim 4 wherein the textile material is a polyester/cotton cotton fabric.
4. The process as defined in claim 4 wherein the polymer is a methyl cellulose.
5. A process for improving the soiling characteristics of polyester/cotton fabric comprising applying thereto an aqueous solution of a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid, polyethlene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, a copolymer of acrylic The preheated samples retain less polyacrylic acid than do the samples that are not preheated.
The above description and examples show that the present invention provides a novel process for improving the soiling characteristics of hydrophobic textile material. Furthermore, the invention provides for the improvement of soil redeposition characteristics of textile material formed of blends of synthetic polymeric fibers and cellulosic fibers. Moreover, the
acid and sodium styrene sulfonate, polypropylene oxide, a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, polyurethane, methyl cellulose. hydroxyethyl cellulose, and ethyl cellulose, said polymer being applied to the fabric in an amount between about 0.1 to 10 percent based on the weight of the fabric; irradiating said fabric to a total dosage of at least 0.1 megarad and thereafter heating said fabric between about 75 to C. for at least about 5 minutes.
Claims (4)
- 2. The process as defined in claim 1 wherein the material includes both cellulosic and hydrophobic synthetic fibers.
- 3. The process as defined in claim 4 wherein the textile material is a polyester/cotton fabric.
- 4. The process as defined in claim 4 wherein the polymer is a methyl cellulose.
- 5. A process for improving the soiling characteristics of polyester/cotton fabric comprising applying thereto an aqueous solution of a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, a copolymer of acrylic acid and sodium styrene sulfonate, polypropylene oxide, a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, polyurethane, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and ethyl cellulose, said polymer being applied to the fabric in an amount between about 0.1 to 10 percent based on the weight of the fabric; irradiating said fabric to a total dosage of at least 0.1 megarad and thereafter heating said fabric between about 75* to 115* C. for at least about 5 minutes.
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US75470767A | 1967-07-20 | 1967-07-20 |
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US3620826A true US3620826A (en) | 1971-11-16 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US3620826D Expired - Lifetime US3620826A (en) | 1967-07-20 | 1967-07-20 | Process for improving soiling characteristics of hydrophobic textile material |
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Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0111795A2 (en) * | 1982-12-03 | 1984-06-27 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | A method for increasing hydrophilicity of a fabric material of synthetic fibers |
US5767189A (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1998-06-16 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Durable hydrophilic polymer coatings |
US5968207A (en) * | 1998-02-20 | 1999-10-19 | Milliken & Company | Esterified triclosan derivatives as improved textile antimicrobial agents |
US6025284A (en) * | 1997-12-01 | 2000-02-15 | Marco; Francis W. | Sun protective fabric |
US6033608A (en) * | 1998-03-11 | 2000-03-07 | Milliken & Company | Method for making foam rubber tree bark-configured articles having manmade textiles backings |
US6180178B1 (en) | 1998-10-22 | 2001-01-30 | Milliken & Company | Method of producing support garments by applying polyurethane coatings to specific areas of fabric |
US6194330B1 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2001-02-27 | Milliken & Company | Polymer latex for ultraviolet absorbtion on fabric |
US6263707B1 (en) | 1999-09-20 | 2001-07-24 | Milliken & Company | Opaque heat-moldable circular knit support fabrics having very high spandex content |
US6584668B2 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2003-07-01 | Milliken & Company | Method of manufacturing yarns and fabrics having a wash-durable non-electrically conductive topically applied metal-based finish |
US20030200613A1 (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2003-10-30 | Green David E. | Topical incorporation of solid antimicrobial compounds on yarn surfaces through high pressure methods |
US6770581B1 (en) | 2000-03-17 | 2004-08-03 | Milliken & Company | Absorbent fabrics, products, and methods |
US6774067B2 (en) | 2000-03-17 | 2004-08-10 | Milliken & Company | Mat and method of manufacturing a mat |
US20040224587A1 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-11-11 | Hayes Heather J. | Fluorochemical-containing textile finishes that exhibit wash-durable soil release and moisture wicking properties |
US20090246258A1 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-01 | Piyush Shukla | Antimicrobial and odor adsorbing textile |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2955961A (en) * | 1958-01-24 | 1960-10-11 | Du Pont | Process of coating polyethylene terephthalate substrate with a polyurethane and resultant article |
US3236685A (en) * | 1962-06-20 | 1966-02-22 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process for treating textile fibers and other shaped products with coatings |
-
1967
- 1967-07-20 US US3620826D patent/US3620826A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2955961A (en) * | 1958-01-24 | 1960-10-11 | Du Pont | Process of coating polyethylene terephthalate substrate with a polyurethane and resultant article |
US3236685A (en) * | 1962-06-20 | 1966-02-22 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process for treating textile fibers and other shaped products with coatings |
Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0111795A3 (en) * | 1982-12-03 | 1986-03-19 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | A method for increasing hydrophilicity of a fabric material of synthetic fibers |
EP0111795A2 (en) * | 1982-12-03 | 1984-06-27 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | A method for increasing hydrophilicity of a fabric material of synthetic fibers |
US5767189A (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1998-06-16 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Durable hydrophilic polymer coatings |
US5976995A (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1999-11-02 | Stepan Company | Durable hydrophilic polymer coatings |
US6025284A (en) * | 1997-12-01 | 2000-02-15 | Marco; Francis W. | Sun protective fabric |
US5968207A (en) * | 1998-02-20 | 1999-10-19 | Milliken & Company | Esterified triclosan derivatives as improved textile antimicrobial agents |
US6197072B1 (en) | 1998-02-20 | 2001-03-06 | Milliken & Company | Esterified triclosan derivatives as improved textile antimicrobial agents |
US6033608A (en) * | 1998-03-11 | 2000-03-07 | Milliken & Company | Method for making foam rubber tree bark-configured articles having manmade textiles backings |
US20030144410A1 (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2003-07-31 | Vogt Kirkland W. | Polymer latex for ultraviolet absorption on different substrates |
US6194330B1 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2001-02-27 | Milliken & Company | Polymer latex for ultraviolet absorbtion on fabric |
US6482757B2 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2002-11-19 | Milliken & Company | Polymer latex for ultraviolet absorption on different substrates |
US6180178B1 (en) | 1998-10-22 | 2001-01-30 | Milliken & Company | Method of producing support garments by applying polyurethane coatings to specific areas of fabric |
US6263707B1 (en) | 1999-09-20 | 2001-07-24 | Milliken & Company | Opaque heat-moldable circular knit support fabrics having very high spandex content |
US6770581B1 (en) | 2000-03-17 | 2004-08-03 | Milliken & Company | Absorbent fabrics, products, and methods |
US6774067B2 (en) | 2000-03-17 | 2004-08-10 | Milliken & Company | Mat and method of manufacturing a mat |
US6584668B2 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2003-07-01 | Milliken & Company | Method of manufacturing yarns and fabrics having a wash-durable non-electrically conductive topically applied metal-based finish |
US20030200613A1 (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2003-10-30 | Green David E. | Topical incorporation of solid antimicrobial compounds on yarn surfaces through high pressure methods |
US6640371B2 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2003-11-04 | Milliken & Company | Topical incorporation of solid antimicrobial compounds on yarn surfaces through high pressure |
US20040224587A1 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-11-11 | Hayes Heather J. | Fluorochemical-containing textile finishes that exhibit wash-durable soil release and moisture wicking properties |
US7012033B2 (en) | 2002-12-17 | 2006-03-14 | Milliken And Company | Fluorochemical-containing textile finishes that exhibit wash-durable soil release and moisture wicking properties |
US20060101585A1 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2006-05-18 | Hayes Heather J | Fluorochemical-containing textile finishes that exhibit wash-durable soil release and moisture wicking properties |
US20090246258A1 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-01 | Piyush Shukla | Antimicrobial and odor adsorbing textile |
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