US3617603A - Chiff circuits for electronic organs - Google Patents
Chiff circuits for electronic organs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3617603A US3617603A US21815A US3617603DA US3617603A US 3617603 A US3617603 A US 3617603A US 21815 A US21815 A US 21815A US 3617603D A US3617603D A US 3617603DA US 3617603 A US3617603 A US 3617603A
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- chiff
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- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013643 reference control Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 17
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003771 C cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940056932 lead sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052981 lead sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S84/00—Music
- Y10S84/05—Chiff
Definitions
- the present invention relates to producing chiff components in electronic organs andmore particularly, in photoelectric organs of the type described in US. Pat. No. 3,023,657.
- One means for producing steady-state tone signals usually accompanied by a chiff component, and one means for producing tone signals corresponding to the chiff component desired to precede the steady-state tone are simultaneously actuated by a single key switch via separate envelope control networks having rise times and decay times corresponding to the steady-state and chiff components desired.
- the specific chiff tone-envelope-control network receives keyed DC voltage from a first supply across a resistive voltage divider having across a portion thereof a pair of capacitors in series, there being across one of the capacitors output connections and a diode poled oppositely to said DC voltage.
- the output connection Across the diode is a resistor in series with a second DC supply, the latter being poled for conduction of the diode.
- the output connection With no DC voltage keyed from the first source, the output connection is clamped to ground by the diode in series with the resistor and second supply.
- the output connection rises substantially immediately to a predetermined level and decays quickly as the capacitors charge, the limit of the decay being determined by the clamping action of the diode.
- the output connection remains at zero when voltage from the first supply is removed because of the clamping action; however capacitor discharge is effected at this time.
- FIG. 1 is a broken, diagrammatic (and partly schematic) view of the main components of the type photoelectric organ to which this invention applies;
- FIG. 2 is a part-block, part-schematic circuit diagram of a keying system for a photoelectric organ in accordance with this invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram illustrating the details of the system of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of a portion of a photocell array as employed with this invention.
- the Jones-type photoelectric organ to which this invention is particularly applicable, comprises a light source (not shown), radiation from which falls upon a rotating pitch disc 1.
- Concentric circles of transparent slots 3, (a circle for each musical pitch) cause apparent moving beams of light to scan waveform patterns, as at 5 and 7, in a stationary disc 21.
- Patterns 5, 7 may be either of variable-area or variable-density character, as known in the art, so as to determine the timbre of the tones produced.
- the modulated light falls upon a schematically illustrated photocell array 11 on stationary plate 11a, the array comprising a series of split photocells formed, for example, between a keying electrode 13 and two collecting electrodes 15 and 17, across which is deposited a layer 19 of photosensitive material, for example, lead sulfide.
- a layer 19 of photosensitive material for example, lead sulfide.
- a simple, make-break key switch 2 having a pair of contacts actuated by a playing key 4 of a conventional keyboard (not shown), switches direct current from a source 8+ to a fast keying circuit 6 at the same time as it switches 13+ to a slow keying circuit 8.
- Multiple output connections of fast keying circuit 6 are directed to one photocell electrode (13 in FIG. 1) in each of plural arrays of the type described in FIGS. 1 and 4, the groups being indicated in FIG. 2 on disc 11a as 8' Reed, 4' Reed, 2' Flute, and l Flute.
- the multiple output leads from the slow keying circuit 8 are directed to plural photocell arrays indicated as 16' Bourdon, 4' Flute and 8' Flute.
- FIG. 2 also contains a chiff keying circuit 9, the nature of which forms the subject matter of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 of the drawing wherein are illustrated the details of a keying system for two adjacent semitones of a keyboard (for example, a Swell manual), in accordance with the invention.
- a playing key 10 of a conventional keyboard (not shown), corresponding to note C, (mid dle C at 8 pitch) selectively actuates a key switch 12 having a connection to a DC source 14 and a connection to a click suppressing resistor 16 of low resistance, the latter in turn being connected to a plurality of keying or time constant circuits illustrated as CKC (C FKC (C,) and SKC (C representing respectively chiff keying circuit, fast keying circuit and slow keying circuit, for the note C Dashed lines enclose those elements of the several keying circuits which can be considered part of the keying circuits themselves.
- CKC C FKC (C,)
- SKC C representing respectively chiff keying circuit, fast keying circuit and slow keying circuit
- the slow keying circuit SKC (C is comprised of a diode 23 polarized to conduct current from source 14 and feeding a shunt resistor 18 and series resistor 20, with a shunt capacitor 22.
- a series resistor 24 and a second shunt capacitor 26 are connected across capacitor 22, and a second resistor 28 is connected across capacitor 26.
- Resistors 20 and 24 are bypassed by a diode 30 polarized oppositely to source 14.
- the fast keying circuit FKC (C is comprised of a shunt resistor 33, and series resistor 34, across which are parallel-connected shunt capacitor 36 and shunt resistor 38.
- the chifi' keying circuit CKC (C is fed by diode 83, polarized in conducting relationship with source 14, and is composed of series-connected resistors 40 and 42 to ground, capacitors 44 and 46 connected in series and across resistor 42, and a diode 48 connected across capacitor 46 to ground and polarized oppositely to source 14. At point 49 there are also a load resistor 51 to ground and a shunt connection through resistor 50 to a second DC source 52.
- the output lead 56 of SKC (C carries the slow starting DC keying voltage to the C photocell pair on two 8 arrays, two photocell pairs being schematically illustrated at 58 and 60.
- Output lead 56 also is connected to cell 68 via diode 66.
- FIG. 4 A portion of a typical photocell array is shown pictorially in FIG. 4, wherein a glass substrate 51 (for mounting on stationary disc 11a of FIG. 1) has deposited thereon a metallic circuit pattern composed of the interdigitated portions 13, 15, 17 which respectively comprise the keying electrode 13 and two collection electrodes on one photocell pair as described in FIG. 1.
- the photosensitive material comprising the strip 19 is deposited, as shown, on the metallic pattern composed of electrodes l3, l5, 17, etc.
- the resistance of the deposit 19 between electrode 13 and its neighbors l5 and 17 is varied by modulated illumination produced by rotating over variable-area waveform patterns, not shown. Keying voltage is supplied to electrode 13 via a lead 61, while modulated signal will be collected from electrodes and 17 by leads 63 and 65, respectively.
- the output signals from photocells 58, 60 and 68 are passed to opposite terminals of the primary windings of DC-cancelling transformers 62, 64 and 70, respectively, the center taps of which are grounded.
- the secondary coils of the transformers are connected at one end to ground and at the other end, via stop control switches 72, 74, and 76, respectively, to a common output lead 78 feeding an output amplifier 80 and loudspeaker 82, the latter being representative of any suitable, conventional, electroacoustic-translating system.
- the output lead 56 of the slow keying circuit can also be connected, as at point 84, to photocell pairs C, and C in 4 and l6 photocell arrays, respectively, in the event that it is desired to actuate such cells from the slow keying circuit. Also, there is shown a connection at point 86, via diode 88, to chiff keying circuit for the note 8;. This means that the pitch corresponding to the note C would be proper to accompany a B note in order to provide a chiff component, as will be explained in detail hereinafter in connection with CKC (C,).
- the output lead 90 from fast keying circuit FKC (C is connected to two 8 cells 92 and 94 and to a 2' cell (not shown) representing note C There is also shown a connection via diode 96 to an Orchestral Flute (4') cell (not shown) corresponding to note C
- the operation of the fast keying circuit F KC (C is simpler than that of the slow keying circuit in that there is only one RC section composed of series resistor 34 and shunt capacitor 36, the latter of which is charged via resistor 34 from the DC source 14 upon actuation of switch 12.
- the rate of charge of capacitor 36 is dependent upon the time constant of the capacitor in combination with the Thevenin equivalent resistance of resistor 34 in parallel with resistor 38 and the photocell loads.
- circuit FKC C are relatively fast compared with the slow keying circuit SKC (C During decay, resistor 33 speeds the rate of discharge of capacitor 36.
- the chiff keying circuit CKC (C which is the subject of the present invention provides the proper DC keying voltage to produce both a rapidly rising and rapidly decaying tone control envelope, even though key switch 12 is held closed.
- the photocell actuated by such a pulsed envelope produces a characteristic chiff sound at the beginning of any tone requiring a chiff component.
- the output lead 98 of the chiff keying circuit is connected via point 100 and a diode 54 to a chiff photocell pair corresponding to the note F This produces a pitch which is somewhat greater than five times the fundamental frequency of a note corresponding to C it is known in the art that such a frequency relationship exists between the main chiff component and the fundamental component of the tones of certain stops, notably stopped flutes.
- the chiff keying circuit output lead 98 is also connected, via a scaling voltage divider (comprising resistors R, and R,.) and diodes 102 and 103, to a G #8 Diapason photocell pair and to the F Diapason cell pair, respectively, to supply other characteristically high chiff components required.
- a scaling voltage divider comprising resistors R, and R,.
- Output lead 98 also has a connection to diode 104, which is connected to the 4' Orchestral Flute photocell pair 106 for note C (From this point there is also a diode 108 connected to the fast keying circuitry (not shown) associated with the same cell pair for note C
- the 4 Orchestral Flute tone corresponding to the playing key 10 for C has a fast-starting, steady-state component supplied by the C cell via diode 96, with a subharmonic chiff component (at the C pitch) via diode 104.
- chiff keying circuit CKC (C,) is more involved than that of the previously described keying circuits.
- diode 48 is turned on clamping point 49 to a slightly negative level (the drop across diode 48) and cutting off diode 54.
- the voltage at point 49 becomes positive as capacitors 44 and 46 commence charging via resistor 40.
- This voltage level at point 49 determined in part by the voltage division between resistors 40 and 51, is sufficiently positive to cut off diode 48 and turn on diode 54, thereby gating on chiff photocell F and all of the cells connected to output lead 98.
- Capacitor 44 charges quickly after which source 52 regains control clamping the voltage at point 49 to a slightly negative voltage level, equal to the forward drop across diode 48. The momentary chiff components thus decay even though key switch 12 is held closed. When key switch 12 is opened, capacitor 44 rapidly discharges through resistor 42 and diode 48, and the circuit is reset" for another actuation of key switch 12. A chiff tone is not elicited when key switch 12 is opened because point 49 remains clamped slightly negative as explained above.
- the fifth-partial chifi effect can be turned on or off by the organist via chiff tone color stop switch 79.
- the other chiff components are always on" as factory-voiced components of the Diapason 8' and the Orchestral Flute 4' stops, as illustrated in FIG. 3. These can be switched along with their respective steady-state tones by tone-color stop switches 76 and 81 respectively.
- isolating diodes 83 and 85 must be inserted at the input terminal for each commonly used CKC circuit.
- a second key 110 of the same keyboard which contains key actuates a second key switch 112 corresponding to the note C It in turn transmits DC from the source 14 to three keying circuits represented in block form at 114, 116, and I18, which may be similar in characteristics to the keying circuits already illustrated in detail.
- the outputs of the respective keying circuits 114, 116 and 118 are shown connected similarly to photocells as the outputs of the hereinbefore-described outputs 98, 90 and 56. it is not believed necessary to describe this circuitry in detail.
- said chiff-tone envelope-control network comprising:
- a photoelectric organ having a first direct current source, a plurality of key switches, a first plurality of photocells corresponding to steady-state tones and a second plurality of photocells corresponding to chiff tones, the combination comprising:
- said chiff-envelope-control network comprising:
- said chiff-envelope-control network comprising:
- a third resistor connected between said last-mentioned junction and said second direct current source, said diode being poled so as to be forward-biased by said second direct current source and an output system coupled between junction of said capacitors and said photocells for converting signals generated therein to musical tones.
- tone signal sources each of the type wherein wave energy periodically impinges upon an energyresponsive element which is keyable by application of keying signal thereto to provide a tone signal having the wave shape and periodicity of the impinging wave energy and having an amplitude which varies with the applied keying signal amplitude, the tone signal of at least one of said tone signal sources having the frequency and wave shape required to produce chiff effects in the sounding of a tone from another of said tone signal sources;
- first timing circuit means responsive to application of voltage thereto from said first source of DC voltage for applying a first keying signal to the energy-responsive element of said another of said tone signal sources, said first keying signal rising to a steady amplitude within a predetermined time interval;
- second timing circuit means responsive to application of voltage thereto from said first source of DC voltage for applying a second keying signal to the energy-responsive element of said one of said tone signal sources, said second keying signal comprising a signal pulse having a rise time which is significantly shorter than said predetermined time interval, said pulse immediately beginning to decay upon completing its rise;
- At least one key switch operative in response to actuation of one of said keys for concurrently applying voltage from said first source to said first and second timing circuit means.
- said second timing circuit means comprises:
- resistive discharge path means for discharging said first capacitor to said common return path in the absence of voltage from said first source at said input terminal
- a chiff keying circuit responsive to application of voltage thereto from a first source of DC voltage for providing an output pulse which rises quickly to a peak amplitude and thereupon immediately begins decaying from said peak amplitude, said circuit comprising:
- switch means for selectively applying voltage from said first source to said input terminal
- a clamping diode connected between said output terminal and said common return path, and polarized to conduct current from said second source
- a resistive discharge path for discharging said first capacitor through said common return path in the absence of voltage from said first source at said input terminal.
- a chiff keying network comprising, a timing resistance, a source of voltage having a terminal at reference control, a key switch connected between said source of voltage and said timing resistance, a first capacitor in series with said timing resistance, a second capacitor connected between said first capacitor and a point of reference potential, a first diode connected in shunt to second capacitor poled to be nonconductive in response to said voltage connected across only said second capacitor, means for clamping the potential across said diode to a preset value, said clamping means connected to junction of first and second capacitors and a load resistance connected in shunt to said diode, a photoresistor having a keying electrode and a diode poled to be conductive of said voltage connected in series between said load resistance and said keying electrode.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US2181570A | 1970-03-23 | 1970-03-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3617603A true US3617603A (en) | 1971-11-02 |
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ID=21806305
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US21815A Expired - Lifetime US3617603A (en) | 1970-03-23 | 1970-03-23 | Chiff circuits for electronic organs |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3735014A (en) * | 1970-03-16 | 1973-05-22 | W Turner | Electronic musical instrument simulating chiff, tracker, and dynamic keying |
US3855893A (en) * | 1971-09-15 | 1974-12-24 | Chase Of California | Electronic organ employing multiple waveform tone generators and chiff generators |
US3930430A (en) * | 1973-06-11 | 1976-01-06 | D. H. Baldwin Company | Photo-electric organ with chiff |
US3973463A (en) * | 1974-03-04 | 1976-08-10 | Hammond Corporation | Delayed vibrato and burble circuit |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3023657A (en) * | 1955-08-25 | 1962-03-06 | Baldwin Piano Co | Photoelectric musical instruments and the like |
US3037413A (en) * | 1960-05-02 | 1962-06-05 | Markowitz Jerome | Electronic organ with transient speech effects |
US3291886A (en) * | 1963-10-21 | 1966-12-13 | Rodgers Organ Company | Transient tone signal circuits |
US3333042A (en) * | 1963-10-02 | 1967-07-25 | Baldwin Co D H | Electronic organ with chiff |
US3476866A (en) * | 1965-08-11 | 1969-11-04 | Baldwin Co D H | Low-pitched voices in electronic organs |
US3495021A (en) * | 1966-06-29 | 1970-02-10 | Baldwin Co D H | Chiff and tone generator |
-
1970
- 1970-03-23 US US21815A patent/US3617603A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3023657A (en) * | 1955-08-25 | 1962-03-06 | Baldwin Piano Co | Photoelectric musical instruments and the like |
US3037413A (en) * | 1960-05-02 | 1962-06-05 | Markowitz Jerome | Electronic organ with transient speech effects |
US3333042A (en) * | 1963-10-02 | 1967-07-25 | Baldwin Co D H | Electronic organ with chiff |
US3291886A (en) * | 1963-10-21 | 1966-12-13 | Rodgers Organ Company | Transient tone signal circuits |
US3476866A (en) * | 1965-08-11 | 1969-11-04 | Baldwin Co D H | Low-pitched voices in electronic organs |
US3495021A (en) * | 1966-06-29 | 1970-02-10 | Baldwin Co D H | Chiff and tone generator |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3735014A (en) * | 1970-03-16 | 1973-05-22 | W Turner | Electronic musical instrument simulating chiff, tracker, and dynamic keying |
US3855893A (en) * | 1971-09-15 | 1974-12-24 | Chase Of California | Electronic organ employing multiple waveform tone generators and chiff generators |
US3930430A (en) * | 1973-06-11 | 1976-01-06 | D. H. Baldwin Company | Photo-electric organ with chiff |
US3973463A (en) * | 1974-03-04 | 1976-08-10 | Hammond Corporation | Delayed vibrato and burble circuit |
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Date | Code | Title | Description |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SECURITY PACIFIC BUSINESS CREDIT INC., 10089 WILLO Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BPO ACQUISITION CORP. A CORP OF DE;REEL/FRAME:004298/0001 Effective date: 19840615 Owner name: GENERAL ELECTRIC CREDIT CORPORATION, A NY CORP., C Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BPO ACQUISITION CORP., A DE CORP;REEL/FRAME:004297/0802 Effective date: 19840615 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BPO ACQUISITION CORP., 180 GILBERT AVE., CINCINNAT Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:D.H. BALDWIN COMPANY AN OH CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004385/0934 Effective date: 19840615 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BALDWIN PIANO & ORGAN COMPANY Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:BPO ACQUISTION CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004473/0501 Effective date: 19840612 |