US3617296A - Optically sensitized light-sensitive silver halide material - Google Patents

Optically sensitized light-sensitive silver halide material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3617296A
US3617296A US727696A US3617296DA US3617296A US 3617296 A US3617296 A US 3617296A US 727696 A US727696 A US 727696A US 3617296D A US3617296D A US 3617296DA US 3617296 A US3617296 A US 3617296A
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United States
Prior art keywords
silver halide
halide emulsion
emulsion
sensitizer
following formula
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Expired - Lifetime
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US727696A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hans Ohlschlager
Oskar Riester
Helmut Kampfer
Karl Lohmer
Karl Kuffner
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Agfa Gevaert AG
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Agfa Gevaert AG
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
    • C09B23/0008—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes substituted on the polymethine chain
    • C09B23/005—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes substituted on the polymethine chain the substituent being a COOH and/or a functional derivative thereof
    • C09B23/0058—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes substituted on the polymethine chain the substituent being a COOH and/or a functional derivative thereof the substituent being CN
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
    • C09B23/0008—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes substituted on the polymethine chain
    • C09B23/005—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes substituted on the polymethine chain the substituent being a COOH and/or a functional derivative thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G03C1/10—Organic substances
    • G03C1/12—Methine and polymethine dyes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
    • G03G5/0664—Dyes
    • G03G5/0666—Dyes containing a methine or polymethine group
    • G03G5/0668—Dyes containing a methine or polymethine group containing only one methine or polymethine group
    • G03G5/067—Dyes containing a methine or polymethine group containing only one methine or polymethine group containing hetero rings

Definitions

  • OPTICALLY SENSITIZED LIGHT-SENSITIVE SILVER HALIDE MATERIAL It has been .known for a long time that the sensitivity of light-sensitive layers, especially silver halide emulsion layers, may be increased by adding substances which increase the spectral sensitivity range of the light-sensitive substances. Numerous substances-which mainly belong to the class of cyanine dyes have been described for sensitizing silver halide emulsion layers. These known substances, however, often have disadvantages in that their sensitizing effect is inadequate or they cause the layer tobe discolored, or adversely influence the photographic process itself. This applies in particular to special photographic processes or special photographic materials.
  • the adsorption of the sensitizers onthe silver halide should be so strongthat the sensitizing effect will be impaired as littleas possible by the other necessary additives such as wetting agents and emulsifiers, stabilizers, color couplers, dyes that can be bleached out, white toners etc. It must also be possible to carry out sensitization under extreme conditionssuch as elevated temperature and high moisture-content. Furthermore, the sensitizing dyes must not increase the fog as is .the case with the known basic cyanine dyes. For these reasons, there is considerable interest in finding new sensitizing dyes.
  • sensitizing dyes for spectrally sensitizing light-sensitive layers, especially silver halide emulsion layers, which do not have the above-mentioned disadvantages.
  • light-sensitive materials especially silver halide emulsion layers
  • cyanine dyes of the following formula:
  • thiazoline, 4-methylthiazoline those of the pyrroline, piperidine or homopiperidine series, those of the 2- quinoline series (e.g. quinoline, 3-methylquinoline, 5- methylquinoline, 7-methylquinoline, 6-chloroq-uinoline, 8- chloroquinoline, 6-methoxyquinoline, S-methylquinoline); those of the 3,3-dialkylindolenine series (e.g. 3,3-dimethylindolenine; those of the pyridine series (e.g.
  • pyridine 3-methylpyridine, 4-methylpyridine, S-methylpyridine, 3,4-dimethylpyridine, 3,5-dimethylpyridine, 3,6-dimethylpyridine, 4,5- dimethylpyridine, 4-chloropyridine, 5-chloropyridine, 6- chloropyridine, 3-hydroxypyridine 4-hydroxypyridine, 5- hydroxypyridine, 4-phenylpyridine, 6phenylpyridine); those of the 4:pyridine series (e.g. 2-methylpyridine, 3-methylpyridine, i chloropyridine, 3 chloropyridine, 2,3-dimethylpyridine, Z-hydroxypyridine, and 3-hydroxypyridine; those of preferably with up to five carbon atoms, e.g. methyl, ethyl, or.
  • 4:pyridine series e.g. 2-methylpyridine, 3-methylpyridine, i chloropyridine, 3 chloropyridine, 2,3-dimethylpyridine, Z-hydroxypyridine, and 3-hydroxypyridine; those of preferably with up to five carbon
  • allyl which may be substituted with halogen such as chlorine, or hydroxyl, alkoxy, sulfonamide, carbamoyl or by acid groups such as sulfo, phosphoric acid or carboxyl, e.g.
  • R may also represent a cycloalkyl such as cyclohexyl, aralkyl such as benzyl or phenylethyl, or aryl such as phenyl;
  • R hydrogen or alkyl, preferably with up to three C atoms;
  • R', R' hydrogen, a saturated or olefinically unsaturated aliphatic group, preferably with up to six C atoms, cycloalkyl such as cyclohexyl, aryl preferably phenyl or naphthyl, aralkyl, preferably benzyl or phenylethyl, or a heterocyclic group; R and together represent the ring members necessary for completing a saturated 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocyclic ring, e.g: a pyrrolidine, piperidine, hexamethylene-imine, piperazine, morpholine, thiomorpholine or isoindolenine ring.
  • cycloalkyl such as cyclohexyl, aryl preferably phenyl or naphthyl, aralkyl, preferably benzyl or phenylethyl, or a heterocyclic group
  • R and together represent the ring members necessary for
  • heterocyclic rings or aryl groups contained in the above formula can be further substituted in any way, e.g. with alkyl, preferably with up to 3 C atoms, 'such as methyl or.ethyl, halogen such as chlorine or bromine, hydroxyl, alkoxy with preferably up to 3 C atoms such as methoxy or ethoxy,
  • S-N selenazole series e.g. 4-methylselenazole, 4phenylhydroxyalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, aryl such as phenyl or aralkyl selenazole
  • benzoselenazole series e.g. such as benzyl,amino,substituted amino'and the like.
  • benzoselenazole, S-chloro-benzeselcnazole, S-methoxy- Suitable dyes include those of the following formulas:
  • sensitizers for use according to the invention are prepared by methods known per se, for example, by condensation of a quaternary salt of an acetanilidovinyl substituted heterocyclic base with a cyanothioacetamidoor cyanoselenoacetamido compound in pyridine, or in alcohol, with the addition of a base such as triethylamine.
  • Cyanothioacetamides and cyanoselenoacetamides can be easily obtained by sulfurization of the corresponding cyanoacetamides with phosphorus pentasulfide or phosphorus pentaselenide with or without the addition of an inert solvent such as toluene or xylene.
  • Unsubstituted cyanothioacetamide can be prepared according to Chem. Ber. 93, 1559 (1960) by addition of hydrogen sulfide to malonitrile.
  • Cyanothioacetic acid pyrrolidide can be prepared as follows: 69 g. of cyanoacetic acid pyrrolidide with 50 g. of phosphorus pentasulfide in 600 ml. of xylene are heated to 110 to 120 C. (internal temperature) for 1 hour on an oil bath with stirring, and then stirred for a further 30 minutes at this temperature. The reaction mixture is filtered hot to remove the residue, and the product which precipitates on cooling is separated by suction filtration and washed with petroleum ether. When recrystallized from ethyl acetate, the substance melts at 106 to 108 C. Yield 46.8 g.
  • the preparation of photographic silver halide emulsions substantially comprises three steps:
  • the sensitizing dyes according to the present invention can be used in any silver halide emulsions.
  • Suitable silver halides are silver chloride, silver bromide or mixtures thereof, if desired containing a small amount of silver iodide up to mols percent.
  • the silver halides may be dispersed in the usual hydrophilic compounds, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, alginic acid and its salts, esters or amides or preferably gelatin.
  • the sensitizing dyes to be used according to the present invention are advantageously added to the photographic emulsion after the chemical ripening and before casting.
  • the methods employed for this are generally known to persons skilled in this art.
  • the sensitizing dyes are generally incorporated in the emulsion in the form of solutions, e.g., in alcohol or mixtures of alcohol and water.
  • the solvents must, of course, be compatible with gelatin and must not have any adverse effects on the photogra hic properties of the emulsion. Water, methanol or mixtures thereof are generally used as solvents.
  • the quantity of sensitizing dye added may vary within wide limits, e.g., between 2 and 200 mg. preferably between 10 and 60 mg. per kg. of the silver halide emulsion.
  • the concentration of dye may be adapted to the particular requirements, depending on the type ofemulsion, the desired sensitizing effect etc. The most suitable concentration for any given emulsion can easily be determined by the usual tests employed in the art of e
  • the emulsions may also contain chemical sensitizers, e.g., reducing agents such as stannous salts, polyamines such as diethylentriamine, or sulfur compounds as described in US. Pat. No. 1,574,944. Furthermore, salts of noble metals, such as ruthenium rhodium, palladium, iridium, platinum or gold may be contained in the emulsions for chemical sensitization, as described in the article by R. Koslowsky, Z. Wiss. Phot. 46, -72 (1951).
  • the emulsions may also contain, as chemical sensitizers, polyalkylene oxides, especially polyethylene oxide and derivatives thereof.
  • the emulsions according to the present invention may contain the usual stabilizers such as homopolar or salt-type compounds of mercury with aromatic or heterocyclic rings, such as mercaptotriazoles, simple mercury salts, sulfonium mercury double salts and other mercury compounds.
  • suitable stabilizers are azaindenes, especially tetraor pentaaza-indenes, in particular those that are substituted with hydroxyl or amino groups. Compounds of this type are described in the article by Birr, Z. Wiss. Phot. 47, 2-58 (1952).
  • Other suitable stabilizers include heterocyclic mercapto compounds, e.g., phenylmercaptotetrazole, quaternary benzothiazole derivatives and benzotriazole.
  • the emulsions may be hardened in the usual manner, for example, with formaldehyde or by use of halogen-substituted aldehydes which contain a carboxyl group, e.g., mucobromic acid, diketones, methanesulfonic acid esters and dialdehydes.
  • formaldehyde or by use of halogen-substituted aldehydes which contain a carboxyl group, e.g., mucobromic acid, diketones, methanesulfonic acid esters and dialdehydes.
  • the emulsions according to the invention may be used for all sorts of different photographic processes, for example, for copying materials, for reproduction photography, for X-ray films, for materials which are suitable for use in the silver salt diffusion process, for color photographic materials for the silver dye bleaching process, etc.
  • the sensitizers to be used according to the invention may also be used in the spectral sensitization of electrophotographic layers, especially layers which contain photoconductive zinc oxide distributed in an insulating binder.
  • EXAMPLE 30 mg. of a sensitizing dye identified in the following table are added to a conventional photographic silver chlorobromide gelatine emulsion containing 80 mol percent of silverbromide. The emulsion is applied onto a barytacoated paper support and dried.
  • the light-sensitive layer is exposed for 10 seconds in a sensitometer customarily employed in the art behind a step wedge wedge), and development is performed for 2 minutes in a developer of the following composition:
  • the excellent intensity of sensitization of the dyes is shown in the following table.
  • the table also shows the number of steps obtained under similar conditions but after storage of the unexposed emulsion layer under tropical conditions (7 days, 40 C. relative humidity 85 percent).
  • the dye of the following formula:
  • R represents a saturated or olefinically unsaturated aliphatic group, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or phenyl;
  • R, R represent hydrogen or alkyl
  • R, R represent hydrogen, a saturated or olefinically unsaturated aliphatic group, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl group; R and R together may represent the ring member necessary for completing a heterocyclic ring selected from the group consisting of pyrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, piperazine and mexamethyleneimine 2.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
  • Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US727696A 1967-05-22 1968-05-08 Optically sensitized light-sensitive silver halide material Expired - Lifetime US3617296A (en)

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US (1) US3617296A (en:Method)
BE (1) BE715498A (en:Method)
CA (1) CA922150A (en:Method)
CH (1) CH506097A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE1547647C3 (en:Method)
FR (1) FR1574890A (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1219330A (en:Method)
NL (1) NL6807237A (en:Method)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2153169A (en) * 1935-11-15 1939-04-04 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic emulsion
US2166736A (en) * 1937-04-23 1939-07-18 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic emulsion
US3311618A (en) * 1960-03-10 1967-03-28 Eastman Kodak Co Class of cationic merocyanine dyes

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2153169A (en) * 1935-11-15 1939-04-04 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic emulsion
US2166736A (en) * 1937-04-23 1939-07-18 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic emulsion
US3311618A (en) * 1960-03-10 1967-03-28 Eastman Kodak Co Class of cationic merocyanine dyes

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DE1547647A1 (de) 1970-04-30
CH506097A (de) 1971-04-15
GB1219330A (en) 1971-01-13
DE1547647C3 (de) 1974-12-12
FR1574890A (en:Method) 1969-07-18
DE1547647B2 (de) 1974-05-02
CA922150A (en) 1973-03-06
NL6807237A (en:Method) 1968-10-25
BE715498A (en:Method) 1968-11-22

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