US3615388A - Deformation imaging process and element - Google Patents

Deformation imaging process and element Download PDF

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Publication number
US3615388A
US3615388A US193276A US19327662A US3615388A US 3615388 A US3615388 A US 3615388A US 193276 A US193276 A US 193276A US 19327662 A US19327662 A US 19327662A US 3615388 A US3615388 A US 3615388A
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Prior art keywords
layer
thermoplastic
photoconductive
plastic
deformation
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Expired - Lifetime
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US193276A
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English (en)
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Robert W Gundlach
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to NL292402D priority Critical patent/NL292402A/xx
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority claimed from US193246A external-priority patent/US3196009A/en
Priority to US193276A priority patent/US3615388A/en
Priority claimed from US193245A external-priority patent/US3238041A/en
Priority to GB17562/63A priority patent/GB1043981A/en
Priority to SE4915/63A priority patent/SE315502B/xx
Priority to GB17411/66A priority patent/GB1043983A/en
Priority to GB17410/66A priority patent/GB1043982A/en
Priority to NO148554A priority patent/NO123260B/no
Priority to DE19631497058 priority patent/DE1497058C/de
Priority to CA874,855A priority patent/CA942826A/en
Priority to CH573963A priority patent/CH448745A/de
Priority to AT371663A priority patent/AT267320B/de
Priority to DK216063AA priority patent/DK129676B/da
Priority to BE631984A priority patent/BE631984A/fr
Priority to FR934148A priority patent/FR1408156A/fr
Priority to LU43704D priority patent/LU43704A1/xx
Priority to NL7011478A priority patent/NL7011478A/xx
Publication of US3615388A publication Critical patent/US3615388A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to CA158,674A priority patent/CA941877A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/80—Television signal recording using electrostatic recording
    • H04N5/82—Television signal recording using electrostatic recording using deformable thermoplastic recording medium
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G16/00—Electrographic processes using deformation of thermoplastic layers; Apparatus therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/022—Layers for surface-deformation imaging, e.g. frost imaging

Definitions

  • thermoplastic overcoating on conventional xerographic materials such as a conductive substrate which has been coated with a photoconductive insulating layer, said thermoplastic material overcoating said photoconductive layer.
  • Methods and apparatus are disclosed for separable and permanent thermoplastic overcoatings on said xerographic plate.
  • An interlayer between the thermoplastic overcoating and the photoconductive layer is included which serves as a nondeformable support and to protect the photoconductive layer from any interaction between the particular thermoplastic used and the solvent or heat used to initiate the thermoplastic action.
  • This invention relates to electrostatic printing and, in particular, to forms of electrostatic printing in which the latent electrostatic image is made visible by the deformation of a compliant layer.
  • xerography as it was taught for example by Carlson in US. Pat. No. 2,297,69 l an insulating photoconductive layer was sensitized by charging to an electrostatic potential and then the latent electrostatic image was formed by exposing the layer to an image pattern of light and shadow to selectively dissipate the electrostatic charge.
  • the latent electrostatic image thus formed has been conventionally developed by means of an electroscopic pigmented-powder.
  • the powder image then must be fixed to a second layer or transfer sheet in order to prevent disturbance of the powder image.
  • deformation images can be produced by deforming thermoplastic overcoatings on conventional xerographic materials. It has further been discovered that solid area images can be produced in deformable overcoatings by controlling the electrostatic charge density. Thus, it is an object of the present invention to define methods of producing deformation images in thermoplastic overcoatings on conventional photoconductive insulating layers.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of charging a thermoplastic coated xerographic plate
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of exposing a sensitized thermoplastic coated xerographic plate
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of a second method of exposing a sensitized thermoplastic coated xerographic plate
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of a second charging step employed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic illustration of simultaneous charging and exposing of a thermoplastic coated xerographic plate
  • FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic illustration of vapor development of a deformation image
  • FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic illustration of heat development of a deformation image
  • FIG. 8 is a further embodiment of heat development of a deformation image
  • FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic illustration of simultaneous exposure and development of a thermoplastic coated xerographic plate
  • FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic illustration of an embodiment using a colored thermoplastic layer in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic illustration of apparatus for forming deformation images on a separable thermoplastic layer.
  • thermoplastic materials have been found to deform readily when softened while under the influence of a latent electrostatic image.
  • An assembly of a xerographic plate carrying a layer of such a thermoplastic material is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • This arrangement is adapted in accordance with the invention to sustain either voltage gradients or electrostatic charge density gradients on a surface which is then deformable in accordance with such gradients.
  • the plate is shown as comprising conductive substrate 10 coated with photoconductive insulating layer 11 as is conventional. Over the photoconductive insulating layer is interlayer 12 which is, in turn, coated with compliant thermoplastic 13.
  • Substrate 10 may be any conventional conductive backing as used in conventional xerography.
  • the material may be brass, aluminum, or other metal or it may be a flexible conductive material such as conductive paper or a plastic material coated with a conductive coating such as tin oxide or copper iodide or it may be a transparent material such as glass or clear plastic with a conductive coating of tin oxide, copper iodide, or the like for transparency.
  • Any conventional photoconductive insulator such as vitreous selenium, anthracene, sulfur zinc oxide in a binder material, or other photoconductors may be used in insulating binders. However, as will be disclosed below, photoconductors adapted to forming uniform homogeneous layers have been found preferable for high resolution purposes.
  • lnterlayer 12 serves as a barrier layer between the thermoplastic and the photoconductive insulating layer and also serves other important functions. It protects the photoconductor from any interaction with the particular thermoplastic used. It serves as an isolation layer during development to protect the photoconductor from the effects of the solvent vapor or the effects of the heat and at the same time, helps to maintain electrical insulation between the thermoplastic layer and the photoconductive layer.
  • a further function of interlayer 12 is in separable deformation layers in which case the interlayer serves as a separation support. This is essential since suitable compliant layers such as the various insulating thermoplastics have inadequate dimensional stability as self-supporting layers to maintain an undistorted image during separation.
  • interlayers Since some photoconductive materials such as many of the organic photoconductors show no deleterious reaction to most thermoplastic materials or to temperatures used for softening such materials, the use of interlayers with them serves no purpose unless separation is required. Many of the high-melting-point plastics are suitable for use as interlayer 12. They are preferably tough, electrically insulating, and highly transparent. High dimensional stability is required where used for separable layers. In some embodiments of the invention, as will be seen below, however, the interlayer need not be transparent. One preferred material is Vinylite" (trademark of Carbide and Carbon Chemical Company, New York, N.Y.) polyvinyl chloride.
  • thermoplastic layer 13 in accordance with the present invention, must be adequately insulating to support an electrostatic charge on its surface and is preferably selected to be capable of maintaining such a charge while it is softened by heat or vapor to a point where deformation can occur.
  • thermoplastic have a low softening temperature so that it will be deformed from the effects of a latent electrostatic image at temperatures below about 140 F. It is further desirable that the thennoplastic be free from flow effects at normal room temperatures, that is, below about 90 F.
  • a preferred material has been found to be Staybelite (trademark of Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, Del.) Ester No. 10. This material has been found preferable due to longer term storage characteristics for preserving the image than has been found in other thermoplastics having similar electrical resistance and softening temperatures.
  • thermoplastic layer and interlayer are preferably kept thin for high resolution and in the case where the layers are permanently bonded, the interlayer may be as thin as 1/10 of a micron. Where separable layers are used, the interlayer must be thick enough to provide the necessary strength and dimensional stability for separation. Thus, for separable layers interlayer 112 may vary between a few microns and about 1 mil depending on the strength of the material used.
  • the thinner layers may be applied to the photoconductive insulating layer by permanently bonding in a dip, spray, melt-coating or whirlcoating procedure or by vacuum evaporation.
  • a dip, spray, melt-coating or whirlcoating procedure or by vacuum evaporation For dip, spray or whirl-coating the plastic is dissolved in a solvent and applied to the photoconductive layer in a liquid form and then hardened by evaporation of the solvent.
  • the thermoplastic layer may be coated over the interlayer in a similar manner. Where separable layers are used, the interlayer is preferably in the form of a self-supporting web which is coated with the thermoplastic layer by one of the procedures suggested above.
  • FIG. l shows a conventional preliminary charging step that may be used to sensitize the thermoplastic coated plate of the invention.
  • Coronacharging device 115 connected to potential source 16 is arranged to apply a voltage of between approximately 100 and 1,000 volts to the surface of thermoplastic layer 13. While either positive or negative charging may be used, positive charging is illustrated as indicated by the plus signs shown at the surface of the thermoplastic with matching negative charges shown by minus signs in the substrate 310.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates exposure to an image pattern of light and shadow.
  • the thermoplastic layer need not be transparent in which case, exposure is made through substrate i0.
  • Substrate 10 in FIG. 2 is illustrated as a transparent glass or plastic layer with transparent conductive coating T7 to enable exposure of the xerographic plate through the back.
  • This type of exposure has the advantage in the present invention in that the interlayer 112 and the thermoplastic layer 13 may have poor optical qualities and may be colored to the extent of being opaque if desired. It has been found generally preferable to obtain opacity of the plastic coated side of the plate by coloring interlayer 12.
  • interlayer 12 may be colored by nigrosine dye, for example, which will produce adequate opacity in a 10 micron layer of polyvinyl chloride if added in the proportion of about 10 to 20 percent weight by volume of nigrosine to plastic. Addition of most colorants in sufficient strength to produce opacity in the deformable layer has generally been found to reduce the bulk resistivity to an excessive degree. If the thermoplastic layer and the interlayer are opaque, the nigrosine dye, for example, which will produce adequate opacity in a 10 micron layer of polyvinyl chloride if added in the proportion of about 10 to 20 percent weight by volume of nigrosine to plastic. Addition of most colorants in sufficient strength to produce opacity in the deformable layer has generally been found to reduce the bulk resistivity to an excessive degree. If the thermoplastic layer and the interlayer are opaque, the
  • an image 118 is projected through an optical system 20 onto the xerographic plate.
  • the crosshatched section 21 of the projected image indicates a dark section with little or no illumination while the uncrosshatched section of the projected image 22 is a light or high-illumination portion of the image.
  • illumination reaches the photoconductive layer 11
  • the resistance of the layer decreases so that negative charges in the substrate pass up through the photoconductor to the interface between the photoconductor and interlayer 12.
  • thermoplastic becomes less over the illuminated areas than over the dark areas.
  • FIG. 3 is an alternative embodiment of the exposure step in which the image pattern oflight and shadow is projected onto the photoconductor through the thermoplastic layer. As is obvious, this requires a high degree of transparency in the thermoplastic layer and in any interlayer that exists. After expo sure, the image may be developed immediately or the voltage differentials existing on the surface of the thermoplastic layer can first be changed to variations in charge density.
  • FIG. 41 illustrates a procedure for changing the voltage gradients into variations in charge density. This is done by repeating the charging step as performed in the first sensitization of the plate. Since the charging devices conventionally used in xerographic processes are voltage responsive, the charging device sees the reduced voltage over the illuminated areas and applies more charge as indicated by the double row of plus signs over the previously exposed areas of the plate. In the areas where the plate was dark during exposure, the charging device sees the original voltage and applies no additional charge. Thus, the charge quantity is increased only in the areas that were illuminated during the exposure step. There is a significant difference between the forces present after a second charging as in FIG. 4 compared with those present immediately after the exposure step. With just the voltage gradients on the surface, only an edge effect image can be produced while after the second charging, it is possible to produce effects on larger areas. This will be described in more detail in connection with image development illustrated in FIGS. 7-10.
  • thermoplastic coated xerographic plate As illustrated in FIG. 5, it is possible to simultaneously charge and expose a thermoplastic coated xerographic plate as illustrated in FIG. 5. This produces the same effect as shown in FIG. 4 to a pronounced degree.
  • charges of one polarity in the sub- I strate may continuously drift up through the photoconductive layer in the illuminated areas permitting increased charging in the respective thermoplastic surface areas.
  • FIG. 5 the image is illustrated as projected from the same side of the coated xerographic plate as that on which the charge is applied, it is, of course, possible to project the image through a transparent substrate in the manner of FIG. 2 while simultaneously charging the surface of the thermoplastic layer.
  • thermoplastic layer 13 may be developed by heat or vapor while under illumination. Also where recharging has produced charge density variations on the deformable surface, development may be carried out under normal illumination.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the use of the solvent vapor.
  • the plate carrying the thermoplastic layer can be passed into chamber 25 containing a solvent vapor for the thermoplastic.
  • suitable solvents are ethylene dichloride, carbon tetrachloride, hexane, trichloroethylene, or the like.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show development by means of heat.
  • the heat source in FIG. 7 is indicated as an infrared lamp 26 and the heat source in FIG. 8 is illustrated as an electrical resistance heating element 27.
  • the infrared heat source is particularly suitable when one of the plastic layers is colored and exposure is made through a transparent substrate.
  • the coloring absorbs the infrared radiation giving preferential heating. Accordingly, interlayer 14 in FIG. 7 is illustrated as an opaque layer.
  • thermoplastic layer it is also possible to develop an image by softening the thermoplastic layer during the exposure step. This is illustrated in FIG. 9 in which exposure from image 18 is made through transparent substrate 10 while an electrical resistance heating element 27 applies softening heat to the surface of the thermoplastic layer.
  • the amount of heat or solvent to be applied will depend upon the characteristics of the thermoplastic layer and of thickness.
  • Staybelite by way of example, should generally be heated to a surface temperature of about 4570 C.
  • the viscosity of the material should be reduced to between about 10 to 10 poises.
  • a viscosity below this range generally produces a loss of surface charge which may be due to mobility of ions in the material as it becomes more fluid.
  • a viscosity above this range will still permit deformation, however the time required will run into several seconds or even minutes which is generally excessive for practical use.
  • repeated heating of vitreous selenium to temperatures above 50 C. will lower its electrical resistance.
  • the repeated use of high temperatures has no significant effect on electrical characteristics.
  • a lower electrical resistance in selenium is not necessarily harmful as will be seen below.
  • the field in the photoconductor After exposure, the field in the photoconductor would be reduced to a value proportional to the induced charge remaining on the substrate, so that a fully exposed area will have zero field within it.
  • the field across the thermoplastic does not change (in large uniform areas). What does change is the potential.
  • FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 As implied by the above theory of operation, in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 as illustrated, an edge deformation of the image occurs at the position of the potential gradients 28. While this method will not reproduce solid areas, this edge effect type of image is capable of very high resolution and can be readily projected by the use of Schlieren optics or the like.
  • FIG. Ill shows an example of this in which deformable thermoplastic coating 13 is of contrasting color or of highly differentiated color density relative to interlayer 12.
  • layer 112 may be transparent while layer 13 is colored as by the addition of a small amount of nigrosine.
  • the exposed areas of the uppermost layer 32 are depressed and thus thinned out to the point where it is virtually invisible and the lower layer 3i is exposed to observation. This produces an immediate viewable image. It is also possible with separable layers to obtain a transparency.
  • the defonnable thermoplastic layer colored by some colorant such as nigrosine dye is coated on a separable interlayer that is highly transparent. After image formation and development, the depressed areas of the thermoplastic layer being relatively thin contain relatively less dye and transmit more light than the areas that are not depressed. Accordingly, the interlayer can be stripped off the plate carrying the deformed, dyed, thermoplastic layer and utilized in a conventional projector.
  • FIG. 10 is arranged to provide exposure through substrate 10 while charging and developing from the opposite side of the layered assembly. While this embodiment has been chosen for ease of illustration, it is just as suitable to use an opaque substrate and expose, charge and develop simultaneously from the side facing the deformable surface.
  • Substrate l0 and photoconductive layer 11 are the same as described in previously disclosed embodiments.
  • lnterlayer 32 is preferably a clear plastic and layer 31 is a thermoplastic having a lower softening temperature than layer 31.
  • layer 32 can be polyvinyl chloride and layer 31 can be Piccolastic" A-75.
  • Layer 31 contains a dye such as nigrosine. Effective coloring in a S-micron layer of thermoplastic is provided by about 10 percent by weight of nigrosine base per volume of thermoplastic (CGS units). Thinner layers require higher percentages of nigrosine and thicker layers require lower percentages of nigrosine to obtain the same maximum image density.
  • Heating elements 33 are shown in association with charging device 15. As the charging device is operated to apply an electrostatic charge, the heating elements function to heat the same area to the deformation temperature of deformable layer 32.
  • Source of illumination 34 is operative in conjunction with optical system to project a light and shadow pattern of image subject 18 onto photoconductive layer 11. Voltage source 29 applies operating potentials to charging device 15, heating elements 33, and source of illumination 34 simultaneously by a ganged switch 39. This simultaneous method has been found to be fast and is adapted to compact systems.
  • a method that avoids the use of colored layers requires an extra development step.
  • a depressed area image is formed by any of the processes previously discussed and then a high viscosity or pastelike pigmented material is wiped over the surface of the deformed plastic so that it fills in the depressions.
  • Pigmented materials that have been found useful for this purpose include printers ink and many of the graphite dispersions sold under the trademark Dag" such as Aquadag by Acheson Colloids Corporation of Port Huron, Michigan.
  • FIG. 11 A reusable temporary overcoating system is illustrated in FIG. 11.
  • the photoconductive web 35 comprises a photoconductive insulating layer on a conductive backing material which is carried onto rotatable cylinders 36. Cylinders 36 are connected for rotation to a drive means 49.
  • erasing station 37 Arranged in sequence in the direction of rotation of the photoconductive web is erasing station 37, charging station 38, exposure station 40, recharging station 41, development station 42 and separating station 43.
  • the thermoplastic layer 45 coated on a heat-resistant transparent plastic support member 46 is fed through the erasing station 37 and into traveling contact with the photoconductive web by feed means 44.
  • the surface of photoconductive web 35 is precharged at electrostatic charging station 33 before contacting plastic support member 46.
  • heat or solvent vapor is applied to smooth out the surface of the thermoplastic and erase any images on it that may remain from previous use.
  • This erasing station may also suitably include cooling or drying means so that the thermoplastic layer will be more highly insulating when advanced over photoconductive web 35.
  • the plastic support 46 carrying thermoplastic coating 45 is transported along with the movement of the photoconductive insulating layer under pressure roller 53.
  • Pressure roller 53 is a conductive roller with or without an insulating surface layer and having an electrical connection to reference potential. The electrical reference pennits the roller to apply electrostatic pressure as well as mechanical pressure to assure a uniform contact between member 46 and web 35.
  • the layers are then transported together past the exposure station 40 which suitably employs a conventional moving slit exposure means operating in synchronization with the movement of the layers.
  • the exposure station projects a pattern of light and shadow through the thermoplastic and its support onto the photoconductive insulating layer 35 in accordance with an image subject 47.
  • the latent electrostatic image thus formed appears as voltage gradients on the surface of the thermoplastic insulating layer.
  • the combined layers then pass through the second charging station 41 where residual conductivity in the previously illuminated areas of the photoconductive layer permits enhanced variations in the charge density produced by the voltage-sensitive charging device.
  • a development station 42 using heat or a solvent vapor develops the charge density variations on the thermoplastic layer.
  • thermoplastic layer As in the case of erasure station 37, development station 42 suitably includes cooling or drying means to harden or fix the thermoplastic layer so that the deformation image will remain after removal of the electrostatic image-forming field.
  • the thermoplastic layer along with its support layer have been separated from the photoconductive insulating layer and utilized as by a Schlieren optical system for projection of the image.
  • wet the surface of the xerographic member it is preferred to wet the surface of the xerographic member before applying the plastic layer. Such wetting helps to eliminate air bubbles and may be added in a washing process that reduces dust or lint buildup on the xerographic plate.
  • FIG. 11 shows bath 50 for applying a liquid film to xerographic web plate 35.
  • the present invention has a particular advantage in highresolution reproduction for high-density image storage and the like. Resolutions greater than 1 line pairs per millimeter have been obtained. For optimum resolution, certain materials and processes are preferred.
  • the photoconductive material itself, is preferably selected to have a smooth homogenous surface when coated on a substrate. Suitable photoconductive coatings are'vacuum-evaporated vitreous selenium or organic photoconductors dissolved in a solvent with an organic resin material. The organic solution provides a smooth homogenous coating by spray, whirl or dip coating procedures.
  • Organic photoconductors for this purpose include 2.5 bis (4' diethyl aminophenyl) l, 3, 4 oxadiazole; 2.5-bis-(p-aminophenyl)-l, 3, 4-triazoles and other l, 3, 4 oxadiazole and l, 3, 4-triazole compounds.
  • One commercially available example is Kalle To 1920, available from Kalle and Co., Wiesbaden-Biebrich, Germany.
  • the thickness of the layers is a significant factor in highresolution embodiments.
  • the thickness of the photoconductive layer is not as critical as the thickness of the overcoatings, but with vitreous selenium the best resolutions have been obtained with a vitreous selenium layer of about 50 microns. Layers from about to 80 microns of vitreous selenium also produced good results. With other homogenous photoconductive layers such as organic photoconductive layers, high resolutions have been obtained with layers as thin as about 3 microns.
  • R represents the resolution in line pairs per millimeter
  • k is the dielectric constant of the material
  • d is the thickness in millimeter.
  • a deformation imaging process comprising:
  • thermoplastic deformable layer including a thermoplastic insulating material
  • thermoplastic layer exposing said photoconductive layer to an image pattern of light and shadow after charge has been deposited onto the thermoplastic layer and, without depositing additional charge on the thermoplastic layer
  • thermoplastic layer softening said thermoplastic layer to allow the thermoplastic layer to deform in response to the deposited charge on it in accordance with the image pattern to which the photoconductive layer is exposed.
  • thermoplastic layer 3. The process of claim 1 wherein said softening step includes exposing the thermoplastic layer to a solvent for the thermoplastic layer.
  • thermoplastic layer is bonded to said photoconductive layer by forces in addition to electrical forces associated with the charge deposited on the thermoplastic layer.
  • thermoplastic coating is softened by solvent vapors.
  • thermoplastic layer to erase said fixed deformation image pattern.
  • thermoplastic layer is transparent to allow exposure of the photoconductive layer to the image pattern through the thermoplastic layer.
  • a method of image reproduction comprising:
  • thermoplastic layer b. electrostatically charging the surface of the thermoplastic layer
  • thermoplastic layer d. electrostatically charging the surface of the thermoplastic layer a second time
  • thermoplastic layer e. softening the thermoplastic layer until it deforms in correspondence to the image pattern.
  • thermoplastic layer is softened by solvent vapors.
  • a method of deformation printing comprising:
  • a process for forming a relief pattern by electrostatic deformation of a thennoplastic surface comprising:
  • thermoplastic layer electrostatically charging the surface of said thermoplastic layer with respect to said conductive substrate
  • thermoplastic layer c. simultaneously with said charging, heating said thermoplastic layer to soften it to a viscosity of about 10 to 10 poises, and
  • thermoplastic layer deforms in accordance with said image pattern.
  • a xerographic plate having a deformable surface coating comprising:
  • an electrically insulating thermoplastic layer having a melting point between about 40 and 80 C. immediately adjacent to said plastic layer.
  • photoconductive layer is a layer of vitreous selenium.
  • a deformation imaging member comprising a photoconductive insulating layer including a photoconductive material, a thermoplastic deformable layer including a thermoplastic insulating material and a plastic insulating barrier layer between said thermoplastic and photoconductive layers which serves to protect the photoconductive layer.
  • Claim ll, line 1, "53" should read -l0.
  • Fig. 6 add reference numeral "30" to indicate the depressed areas of layer 13.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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US193276A 1962-05-08 1962-05-08 Deformation imaging process and element Expired - Lifetime US3615388A (en)

Priority Applications (17)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL292402D NL292402A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) 1962-05-08
US193276A US3615388A (en) 1962-05-08 1962-05-08 Deformation imaging process and element
GB17562/63A GB1043981A (en) 1962-05-08 1963-05-03 Electrophotographic processes
SE4915/63A SE315502B (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) 1962-05-08 1963-05-03
GB17411/66A GB1043983A (en) 1962-05-08 1963-05-03 Xerographic reproduction
GB17410/66A GB1043982A (en) 1962-05-08 1963-05-03 A method of electrophotographic image reproduction
NO148554A NO123260B (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) 1962-05-08 1963-05-04
DE19631497058 DE1497058C (de) 1962-05-08 1963-05-06 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Deformationsbildern
CA874,855A CA942826A (en) 1962-05-08 1963-05-06 Overcoated layer relief recording
BE631984A BE631984A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) 1962-05-08 1963-05-07
CH573963A CH448745A (de) 1962-05-08 1963-05-07 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bildes auf einem Träger
AT371663A AT267320B (de) 1962-05-08 1963-05-07 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines sichtbaren Bildmusters auf einer dielektrischen Schicht
DK216063AA DK129676B (da) 1962-05-08 1963-05-07 Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af deformationsbilleder.
FR934148A FR1408156A (fr) 1962-05-08 1963-05-08 Formation d'images à bords en relief
LU43704D LU43704A1 (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) 1962-05-08 1963-05-08
NL7011478A NL7011478A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) 1962-05-08 1970-08-04
CA158,674A CA941877A (en) 1962-05-08 1972-12-12 Overcoated layer relief recording

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US193276A US3615388A (en) 1962-05-08 1962-05-08 Deformation imaging process and element
US193245A US3238041A (en) 1962-05-08 1962-05-08 Relief imaging of photoresponsive member and product
US193246A US3196009A (en) 1962-05-08 1962-05-08 Electrostatic image liquid deformation development

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US3615388A true US3615388A (en) 1971-10-26

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US193276A Expired - Lifetime US3615388A (en) 1962-05-08 1962-05-08 Deformation imaging process and element

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US (1) US3615388A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
BE (1) BE631984A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
CA (1) CA942826A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
CH (1) CH448745A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
DK (1) DK129676B (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
GB (3) GB1043982A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
LU (1) LU43704A1 (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
NL (1) NL292402A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
NO (1) NO123260B (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
SE (1) SE315502B (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3915700A (en) * 1972-12-22 1975-10-28 Hoechst Ag Photoconductive thermoplastic lamina
US4131462A (en) * 1976-02-17 1978-12-26 Honeywell Inc. Element for thermoplastic recording
US4190445A (en) * 1975-03-20 1980-02-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic photosensitive media and process for manufacturing thereof
US4256823A (en) * 1975-03-20 1981-03-17 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic photosensitive media
US5128893A (en) * 1989-03-30 1992-07-07 Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. Electrostatic latent image recording/reproducing device

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3915700A (en) * 1972-12-22 1975-10-28 Hoechst Ag Photoconductive thermoplastic lamina
US4190445A (en) * 1975-03-20 1980-02-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic photosensitive media and process for manufacturing thereof
US4256823A (en) * 1975-03-20 1981-03-17 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic photosensitive media
US4131462A (en) * 1976-02-17 1978-12-26 Honeywell Inc. Element for thermoplastic recording
US5128893A (en) * 1989-03-30 1992-07-07 Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. Electrostatic latent image recording/reproducing device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK129676B (da) 1974-11-04
GB1043981A (en) 1966-09-28
CA942826A (en) 1974-02-26
DE1497058B2 (de) 1972-10-19
BE631984A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) 1963-05-31
SE315502B (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) 1969-09-29
GB1043983A (en) 1966-09-28
NL292402A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) 1900-01-01
LU43704A1 (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) 1963-07-08
DE1497058A1 (de) 1969-02-20
DK129676C (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) 1975-05-12
NO123260B (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) 1971-10-18
GB1043982A (en) 1966-09-28
CH448745A (de) 1967-12-15

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