US3615110A - Demountable sockets for guardrail posts - Google Patents

Demountable sockets for guardrail posts Download PDF

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Publication number
US3615110A
US3615110A US817951A US3615110DA US3615110A US 3615110 A US3615110 A US 3615110A US 817951 A US817951 A US 817951A US 3615110D A US3615110D A US 3615110DA US 3615110 A US3615110 A US 3615110A
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socket
demountable
sidewalls
purlin
right angle
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US817951A
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James E Fugate
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Assigned to ASSOCIATED COMMERCIAL FINANCE, INC. reassignment ASSOCIATED COMMERCIAL FINANCE, INC. SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: GROSS-GIVEN MANUFACTURING COMPANY
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G5/00—Component parts or accessories for scaffolds
    • E04G5/14—Railings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E04B1/2604—Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/2608—Connectors made from folded sheet metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B7/00—Connections of rods or tubes, e.g. of non-circular section, mutually, including resilient connections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/46—Rod end to transverse side of member

Definitions

  • a demountable socket for guardrail posts having a front and pair of sidewalls forming an opening for receiving a guardrail post with a bottom wall extending at right angle with the front wall and in spaced relation with the sidewalls, and tabs for fastening the socket to the sides of a purlin extending outwardly at right angle along the free edges thereof with upper portions separated from the sidewalls and lower portions extending beyond the lower edge of the sidewalls, with both upper and lower portions positioned at right angle to the tabs and parallel to the bottom wall for further fastening the socket to the upper and lower surfaces of the purlin.
  • This invention relates to temporary guardrails and is more particularly directed to demountable sockets for guardrail posts.
  • the present invention contemplates avoiding the above mentioned objections and having as its principal object to provide a socket that may be readily nailed to a purlin or to plywood and receive a post for guardrailing to be fastened thereto.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a demountable socket for guardrail posts that result in considerable savings in material and in the use of skilled labor that is required in the present manner of fabricating and removal of conventional temporary guardrailings.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a demountable socket for guardrail posts that is simple in construction, economical in cost and may be used many times in the fabricating of adequate and safe temporary railings.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a demountable socket for guardrail posts having flanges that may or may not be bent to conform with the size and configuration of the purlin, beam or planking to which the socket is to be nailed thereby rendering the socket universal in use for the facile and economic installation of temporary guardrails.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a temporary railing utilizing my demountable socket for guardrail posts.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of my demountable socket.
  • FIG. 3 is a similar view taken from the opposite side and shown fastened to a purlin with a post in position in dotted lines.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective View of my socket as modified to be attached to plywood sheeting.
  • FIG. 5 is a similar view of an alternate construction of my socket adapted for cylindrical posts.
  • the numeral 10 refers to my socket for guardrail posts stamped from a fiat sheet of metal.
  • the socket 10 as best shown by FIG. 2 consists of a front wall 11 having side walls 12 extending at right angle thereto formed by bending the sheet of metal along 13, 13.
  • Flanges 14 extend at right angle to the side walls 12 and lie in a common plane parallel to that of the front Wall 11 to form an opening 30 for receiving the end of a 2 x 4 piece or similar of lumber.
  • the upper end portions 18 of the flanges 14 are separated from the side walls 12 as at 17 to permit the bending of the flanges 14 as is explained in detail hereinafter and the lower ends 19 extend below the bottom edges of the walls 11, 12.
  • foot portion 15 is formed by bending the latter as at 16 at the base of the front and side walls 11, 12.
  • the foot portion 15 extends beyond the plane of the flanges 14 in order to permit the fastening of the foot portion 15 to the lower edge of a purlin 20.
  • the socket 10 is provided with a plurality of openings for nailing the socket 10 to the purlin 20, the front wall 11 being provided with holes 21, the flanges with holes 22 and the foot portion 12 with an elongated slot 23 and holes 24.
  • a demountable socket 10 is placed along the edge portion of the purlin 20 at the approximate position it is desired to be fastened.
  • a nail is received at the elongated slot 23 and hammered into the purlin 20 sufliciently to hold the socket 10 in position with the flanges 14 abutting against the 2 x 4 purlin 20.
  • nails 25 are inserted into the holes 22' and hammered into the purlins 20 to secure the sockets 10 to the purlins 20.
  • the upper and lower portions 18, 1 9 of the flanges 14 are then bent as at '26, 35 compel the flange portions 18, 19' to lie along the upper and lower edges of the purlins 20 as shown by FIG. 3 and be nailed thereto.
  • Rail post members 28 are inserted into the openings 30 formed by the front Wall 11, side walls 12 and purlin 20 and nails 27 are then inserted through openings 21 to fasten the post members 28 to the socket 10. Then railings 31 are nailed across the top portions of the post members 28 to complete the temporary railing.
  • the railing members 31 are dismantled from the upright post members 28.
  • the nails 27 are readily removed to permit the upright members 28 to be lifted from the sockets 10.
  • the nails 25 are withdrawn and the sockets are removed from the purlins 20 and are stored ready to be reused as desired.
  • FIG. 4 differs left unbent. Nails driven into the plywood 34 through the holes 22 will now fasten the socket 30 securely to the plywood 34.
  • the socket 10" is shown by FIG. 4 differs from the socket 10 shown by FIG. 2 that the foot portion 1 is foreshortened to permit the socket 30 to be mounted on the plywood 34 without the foot portion 15 engaging the front surface of the plywood 34 and still forming a stop for the post 28.
  • FIG. 5 I show an alternate construction 40 of my socket made to receive a rounded post 41 as the railing support member.
  • the front wall portion 42 is formed into a semi-cylindrical shape 42 with straight wall portions 43 extending rearwardly to the flanges 14 to form an arcuate socket opening 44 into which the rounded post 41 is inserted.
  • Tabs 45 extending beyond the lower portion of the rounded front wall 42 and bent inwardly as at 46 support thepost 41 in the socket 40. Holes 47 permit nails to fasten the socket 40 to the post 41.
  • a demountable socket for guardrail posts consisting of a front wall, side walls extending at right angle from side edges of said front wall, flanges extending outwardly of said side walls and lying substantially in a plane, said flanges each having a slot separating the upper portion of said flanges from said side walls and a bottom portion extending below a lower edge of said side walls, a bottom wall extending from said front wall and along said side walls to form a pocket for a railing post, said upper and bottom portions extending at right angle to said flanges forming tab portions and being substantially parallel with said bottom wall, said front and side walls extending above said tab portions and said front walls and said flanges having opening for receiving fastening members for securing said demountable socket on a railing support member.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)

Abstract

A DEMOUNTABLE SOCKET FOR GUARDRAIL POSTS HAVING A FRONT AND PAIR OF SIDEWALLS FORMING AN OPENING FOR RECEIVING A GUARDRAIL POST WITH A BOTTOM WALL EXTENDING AT RIGHT ANGLE WITH THE FRONT WALL AND IN SPACED RELATION WITH THE SIDEWALLS, AND TABS FOR FASTENING THE SOCKET TO THE SIDES OF A PURLIN EXTENDING OUTWARDLY AT RIGHT ANGLE ALONG THE FREE EDGES THEREOF WITH UPPER PORTIONS SEPARATED FROM THE SIDEWALLS AND LOWER PORTIONS EXTENDING BEYOND THE LOWER EDGE OF THE SIDEWALLS, WITH BOTH UPPER AND LOWER PORTIONS POSITIONED AT RIGHT ANGLE TO THE TABS AND PARALLEL TO THE BOTTOM WALL FOR FURTHER FASTENING THE SOCKET TO THE UPPER AND LOWER SURFACES OF THE PURLIN.

Description

Oct. 26, 1971 J. E. FUGATE DEMOUNTABLE SOCKETS FOR GUARDRAIL POSTS Filed April 21. 1969 INVENTOR. JAMES EFUGATE United States Patent 3,615,110 DEMOUNTABLE SOCKETS FOR GUARDRAIL POS US. Cl. 287-2035 1 Claim ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A demountable socket for guardrail posts having a front and pair of sidewalls forming an opening for receiving a guardrail post with a bottom wall extending at right angle with the front wall and in spaced relation with the sidewalls, and tabs for fastening the socket to the sides of a purlin extending outwardly at right angle along the free edges thereof with upper portions separated from the sidewalls and lower portions extending beyond the lower edge of the sidewalls, with both upper and lower portions positioned at right angle to the tabs and parallel to the bottom wall for further fastening the socket to the upper and lower surfaces of the purlin.
This invention relates to temporary guardrails and is more particularly directed to demountable sockets for guardrail posts.
During the construction of a high rise or multistoried building and the like, there will be periods when temporary guardrails have to be erected around openings and around the outside perimeter of the building in order to protect the workers from falling. These temporary guardrails must be strong and remain there until the permanent walls have been erected. At the present time the skilled services of carpenters are required to fabricate the necessary railings and nail them in position. Since the posts of the temporary railings are normally nailed to the end portions of the projecting purlins, the joint between the posts and purlins is not as strong as required to support a person adequately while he may be leaning over the railing or if he bumped into it while working in the environs of the railing. Also the use of lumber in the conventional manner of making temporary guardrails results in a great deal of Waste and consequent high cost. The present invention contemplates avoiding the above mentioned objections and having as its principal object to provide a socket that may be readily nailed to a purlin or to plywood and receive a post for guardrailing to be fastened thereto.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a demountable socket for guardrail posts that result in considerable savings in material and in the use of skilled labor that is required in the present manner of fabricating and removal of conventional temporary guardrailings.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a demountable socket for guardrail posts that is simple in construction, economical in cost and may be used many times in the fabricating of adequate and safe temporary railings.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a demountable socket for guardrail posts having flanges that may or may not be bent to conform with the size and configuration of the purlin, beam or planking to which the socket is to be nailed thereby rendering the socket universal in use for the facile and economic installation of temporary guardrails.
With these and other objects in view, the invention will be best understood from a consideration of the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specification, with the understanding, however, that the invention is not confined to any strict conformity with the showing of the drawing but may be changed or modified so long as such changes or modifications mark no material departure from the salient features of the invention as expressed in the appended claim.
In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a temporary railing utilizing my demountable socket for guardrail posts.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of my demountable socket.
FIG. 3 is a similar view taken from the opposite side and shown fastened to a purlin with a post in position in dotted lines.
FIG. 4 is a perspective View of my socket as modified to be attached to plywood sheeting.
FIG. 5 is a similar view of an alternate construction of my socket adapted for cylindrical posts.
Referring to the drawing wherein like numerals are used to designate similar parts throughout the several views, the numeral 10 refers to my socket for guardrail posts stamped from a fiat sheet of metal. The socket 10 as best shown by FIG. 2 consists of a front wall 11 having side walls 12 extending at right angle thereto formed by bending the sheet of metal along 13, 13. Flanges 14 extend at right angle to the side walls 12 and lie in a common plane parallel to that of the front Wall 11 to form an opening 30 for receiving the end of a 2 x 4 piece or similar of lumber. The upper end portions 18 of the flanges 14 are separated from the side walls 12 as at 17 to permit the bending of the flanges 14 as is explained in detail hereinafter and the lower ends 19 extend below the bottom edges of the walls 11, 12. At the bottom portion of the front wall 11, foot portion 15 is formed by bending the latter as at 16 at the base of the front and side walls 11, 12. The foot portion 15 extends beyond the plane of the flanges 14 in order to permit the fastening of the foot portion 15 to the lower edge of a purlin 20. The socket 10 is provided with a plurality of openings for nailing the socket 10 to the purlin 20, the front wall 11 being provided with holes 21, the flanges with holes 22 and the foot portion 12 with an elongated slot 23 and holes 24.
When it is desired to erect a temporary railing as shown by FIG. 1 wherein purlins 20 extend beyond the perimeter of a building during its construction, a demountable socket 10 is placed along the edge portion of the purlin 20 at the approximate position it is desired to be fastened. A nail is received at the elongated slot 23 and hammered into the purlin 20 sufliciently to hold the socket 10 in position with the flanges 14 abutting against the 2 x 4 purlin 20. After a number of the sockets 10 have been nailed thusly, they are aligned and nails 25 are inserted into the holes 22' and hammered into the purlins 20 to secure the sockets 10 to the purlins 20. The upper and lower portions 18, 1 9 of the flanges 14 are then bent as at '26, 35 compel the flange portions 18, 19' to lie along the upper and lower edges of the purlins 20 as shown by FIG. 3 and be nailed thereto. Rail post members 28 are inserted into the openings 30 formed by the front Wall 11, side walls 12 and purlin 20 and nails 27 are then inserted through openings 21 to fasten the post members 28 to the socket 10. Then railings 31 are nailed across the top portions of the post members 28 to complete the temporary railing.
When it is decided to remove the temporary railing structure, the railing members 31 are dismantled from the upright post members 28. The nails 27 are readily removed to permit the upright members 28 to be lifted from the sockets 10. Then the nails 25 are withdrawn and the sockets are removed from the purlins 20 and are stored ready to be reused as desired.
In the event that my sockets 10 are to be mounted over the edges of plywood as shown by FIG. 4, the upper edge portions 18 of the flanges 14 are bent as at 32 to form a depending flange portion 33 that engages the face of'theplywood 34. The socket 10' as shown by FIG. 4 differs left unbent. Nails driven into the plywood 34 through the holes 22 will now fasten the socket 30 securely to the plywood 34. The socket 10" is shown by FIG. 4 differs from the socket 10 shown by FIG. 2 that the foot portion 1 is foreshortened to permit the socket 30 to be mounted on the plywood 34 without the foot portion 15 engaging the front surface of the plywood 34 and still forming a stop for the post 28.
In FIG. 5 I show an alternate construction 40 of my socket made to receive a rounded post 41 as the railing support member. The front wall portion 42 is formed into a semi-cylindrical shape 42 with straight wall portions 43 extending rearwardly to the flanges 14 to form an arcuate socket opening 44 into which the rounded post 41 is inserted. Tabs 45 extending beyond the lower portion of the rounded front wall 42 and bent inwardly as at 46 support thepost 41 in the socket 40. Holes 47 permit nails to fasten the socket 40 to the post 41.
It is apparent from the foregoing taken in connection with the drawing that by the present invention, I have provided a demountable socket for temporary railing which is readily and economically erected and demounted. The socket 10 is adapted for use on purlins of varying sizes as well as on plywood sheeting. The use of skilled help is not required to fasten the sockets 10 in place and to nail the posts and railing to form the temporary guardrail.
What I desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. A demountable socket for guardrail posts consisting of a front wall, side walls extending at right angle from side edges of said front wall, flanges extending outwardly of said side walls and lying substantially in a plane, said flanges each having a slot separating the upper portion of said flanges from said side walls and a bottom portion extending below a lower edge of said side walls, a bottom wall extending from said front wall and along said side walls to form a pocket for a railing post, said upper and bottom portions extending at right angle to said flanges forming tab portions and being substantially parallel with said bottom wall, said front and side walls extending above said tab portions and said front walls and said flanges having opening for receiving fastening members for securing said demountable socket on a railing support member.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 936,945 10/ 1909 Rice 182185 2,300,018 10/1942 Shuck 287-66 X 2,354,801 8/ 1944 Huff 287-2094 X 2,700,520 1/1955 Skubic 287 20.95 X
3,188,696 6/1965 Earhart h 28720.95 X
- 3,036,347 5/ 1962 Findleton 52702 X 3,469,867 9/1969 Hawes et a1. 287--51 DAVID J. WILLIAMOWSKY, Primary Examiner W. L. SHEDD, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 25659; '2l8756
US817951A 1969-04-21 1969-04-21 Demountable sockets for guardrail posts Expired - Lifetime US3615110A (en)

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Cited By (62)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US4359851A (en) * 1980-01-23 1982-11-23 Daniels Phillip D Deck apparatus
US4576280A (en) * 1984-04-05 1986-03-18 Anna Lena Dove Hanging garment container
US4817346A (en) * 1987-12-29 1989-04-04 Westgard Carl T Device for feeding preservative to wooden posts
US5192056A (en) * 1991-10-25 1993-03-09 Espinueva Belarmino G Fence construction system
US5228262A (en) * 1991-10-18 1993-07-20 Meriwether Irvin F Anchor assembly
US5439201A (en) * 1994-04-21 1995-08-08 832276 Ontario Inc. Fence bracket
US5622356A (en) * 1995-07-14 1997-04-22 Duggan; James F. Post protector
US5771646A (en) * 1997-06-05 1998-06-30 Action Sales & Marketing Inc Railing post reinforcement bracket
US6061991A (en) * 1997-10-15 2000-05-16 Dahl; Michael E. Deck system
USD430789S (en) * 1999-03-19 2000-09-12 Opperman Ronald J Roof guard rail safety bracket
US6173945B1 (en) * 1998-08-03 2001-01-16 Master-Halco, Inc. Metal fence post
US20010039777A1 (en) * 1998-10-08 2001-11-15 Meho Karalic Building components and method of making same
US6398193B1 (en) 1997-06-06 2002-06-04 U.S. Fence, Llc Plastic fence construction
US6430890B1 (en) 2000-03-28 2002-08-13 Dietrich Industries, Inc. Web stiffener
US6471192B1 (en) * 2000-06-28 2002-10-29 Erwin Industries, Inc. Rail-to-post mounting bracket
US6557831B2 (en) 2001-03-05 2003-05-06 Erwin Industries, Inc. Fence bracket
US20030085395A1 (en) * 2001-11-06 2003-05-08 Gardner Arthur A Modular railing and bracket therefor
US20030140590A1 (en) * 2002-01-25 2003-07-31 Dayton Superior Corporation Flange connector
US6601831B2 (en) 2001-03-05 2003-08-05 Erwin Industries, Inc. Modular fence system
US6648278B1 (en) * 2001-03-15 2003-11-18 Automatic Fire Control, Incorporated Offset hanger
US6681528B1 (en) * 2002-06-24 2004-01-27 Activar, Inc. Hatch safety railing system
US20040049993A1 (en) * 2001-11-21 2004-03-18 Eluterio Saldana Connectors, tracks and system for smooth-faced metal framing
US20040163356A1 (en) * 2002-09-05 2004-08-26 John Rice Framing member having reinforced end
US6886296B1 (en) * 2000-08-14 2005-05-03 Michael John Wooden post protective sleeve
USD507352S1 (en) * 2004-01-26 2005-07-12 N.V. Bekaert S.A. Fence post
US20060265997A1 (en) * 2005-05-27 2006-11-30 Collins John J Jr Web stiffener
US20090224127A1 (en) * 2008-03-05 2009-09-10 Nibco, Inc. Offset hanger
US20110067343A1 (en) * 2003-09-05 2011-03-24 John Rice Framing Member Having Reinforced End
US8376289B2 (en) 2008-03-05 2013-02-19 Cooper B-Line, Inc. Offset hanger
US20140054428A1 (en) * 2012-07-19 2014-02-27 Peak Innovations Inc. Fascia mounting bracket assembly
US20140252291A1 (en) * 2013-03-06 2014-09-11 Brad Koering Removable Bracket for a Walkway Handrail
US8834057B2 (en) * 2012-09-27 2014-09-16 Bti, Inc. Slip bracket connector for rigid members
US9003738B1 (en) * 2013-12-02 2015-04-14 Jack W. Evans, Jr. Construction spacers and method
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US9518404B2 (en) 2015-04-30 2016-12-13 Dee Volin Fence post system
US9556637B1 (en) * 2016-02-25 2017-01-31 Alvaro Martins Post guard system
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US20180195664A1 (en) * 2014-10-03 2018-07-12 DISH Technologies L.L.C. Behind-wall television monitor wall mount
US20190017286A1 (en) * 2017-07-12 2019-01-17 Akram Hossain Systems and mounting apparatuses for supporting elevated structures
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US20230257990A1 (en) * 2022-02-14 2023-08-17 MDM Enterprises, Inc. Construction Tie for Securing U-Channels Vertically in Columns
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US12416162B2 (en) 2020-09-21 2025-09-16 Vinylast, Inc. Wood post bracket
US12448779B2 (en) * 2019-09-03 2025-10-21 James Kowalewski Brackets for attachment of posts to joists

Cited By (81)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4359851A (en) * 1980-01-23 1982-11-23 Daniels Phillip D Deck apparatus
US4576280A (en) * 1984-04-05 1986-03-18 Anna Lena Dove Hanging garment container
US4817346A (en) * 1987-12-29 1989-04-04 Westgard Carl T Device for feeding preservative to wooden posts
US5228262A (en) * 1991-10-18 1993-07-20 Meriwether Irvin F Anchor assembly
US5192056A (en) * 1991-10-25 1993-03-09 Espinueva Belarmino G Fence construction system
US5439201A (en) * 1994-04-21 1995-08-08 832276 Ontario Inc. Fence bracket
US5622356A (en) * 1995-07-14 1997-04-22 Duggan; James F. Post protector
US5771646A (en) * 1997-06-05 1998-06-30 Action Sales & Marketing Inc Railing post reinforcement bracket
US6398193B1 (en) 1997-06-06 2002-06-04 U.S. Fence, Llc Plastic fence construction
US6061991A (en) * 1997-10-15 2000-05-16 Dahl; Michael E. Deck system
US6173945B1 (en) * 1998-08-03 2001-01-16 Master-Halco, Inc. Metal fence post
US6530561B2 (en) 1998-08-03 2003-03-11 Master-Halco, Inc. Metal fence post
US7882666B2 (en) * 1998-10-08 2011-02-08 Meho Karalic Building components and method of making same
US20010039777A1 (en) * 1998-10-08 2001-11-15 Meho Karalic Building components and method of making same
USD430789S (en) * 1999-03-19 2000-09-12 Opperman Ronald J Roof guard rail safety bracket
US6430890B1 (en) 2000-03-28 2002-08-13 Dietrich Industries, Inc. Web stiffener
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