US3614488A - Multicomponent force transducer - Google Patents

Multicomponent force transducer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3614488A
US3614488A US846018A US3614488DA US3614488A US 3614488 A US3614488 A US 3614488A US 846018 A US846018 A US 846018A US 3614488D A US3614488D A US 3614488DA US 3614488 A US3614488 A US 3614488A
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Prior art keywords
piezomeasuring
force
forces
sensitive
crystals
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Expired - Lifetime
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US846018A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hans Conrad Sonderegger
Gelli Spescha
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RISTLER INSTRUMENTS AG
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RISTLER INSTRUMENTS AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
    • G01L5/167—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force using piezoelectric means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
    • B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
    • B23Q17/0966—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining by measuring a force on parts of the machine other than a motor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/16—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to piezotransducer units, and more particularly to a piezotransducer unit comprising a piezoelement mounted between two members adapted to transmit a forceapplied thereto to the piezoelement.
  • the piezomeasuring technique provides better measuring conditions. Owing to the fact that piezocrystals can be used which are produced in various cut directions and which are suitable for the measurement of compression forces as well as shearing forces, simple stable constructions are obtained. Owing to the fact that in the piezomeasuring technique forces can be measured directly without the intervention of an elongation or other stress, this system is particularly well suited for the measurement of forces because piezocrystal cross sections can be used, whereby simultaneously a very high sensitivity, yet very great rigidity can be obtained. The ratio of rigidity to sensitivity obtainable thereby cannot be attained even approximately with any other system.
  • piezotransducer units comprising substantially two force-transmitting plates between which a plurality of piezoelectric plates are located which are mutually interchangeable and which can be assembled to form a transducer unit responsive to compression, shear or torque, dependent upon the orientation of the force sensitive axes.
  • three basic elements are available in a simple manner, which differ from each other only by the direction of sensitivity of the respective crystal plates and which can be combined by mechanical series connection in such manner that any desirable multicomponent measuring value converter can be produced.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a cross section through a perforated disclike piezotransducer unit
  • FIG. 2 is a section along line AA in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a cross section of a different constructional arrangement of a disclike piezotransducer unit
  • FIG. 4 is a section through the same piezotransducer unit along line 8-8 in FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a piezocrystal from which two piezodiscs have been produced in different cut directions
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a section through a piezodisc suitable for measurement of a compression force
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a section through a piezodiac suitable for measurement of a shearing force
  • FIG.'8 illustrates an embodiment suitable for the measurements of two force components, such as compression Z and moment M,
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment suitable for the measurement of two force components, such as shearing force X, and compression force Z,
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment suitable for the measurement of three force components and a moment
  • FIG. 11 is a cross section through an embodiment of a piezotransducer unit suitable for the measurement of a moment
  • FIG. 12 is a cross section through an embodiment of a piezotransducer unit suitable for the measurement of a shearing force.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a cross section through an embodiment of a piezomeasuring cell or transducer unit which is adapted for the measurement of rotary moments.
  • the unit consists of annular force-transmitting plates 1 and 2 which are connected to each other by a thin tubular inner jacket 3 and a tubular outer jacket 4, exerting a mechanical bias or stress on the plates.
  • the connection is effected preferably by annular welds 5, 6 and so on.
  • Piezodiscs or crystals 7 are disposed in direct contact with the transmitting plate 1 by which positive charges produced under the effect of a rotary moment are transmitted directly to a casing 24 shown in FIG. 2 and thence to a threaded potion 8 of a connecting terminal.
  • a ringlike electrode 9 is located on the other side of the crystals 7 and receives the corresponding negative charges which are transmitted to a central contact member 10 in the connecting terminal.
  • a disclike plate 11 consisting of a highly insulating material, e.g. aluminum oxide, lies between the electrode 9 and the force-transmitting plate 2.
  • highly insulating and extremely rigid insulating materials are also known and may be used instead of aluminum oxide.
  • the piezocrystals, the electrode and the insulating disc are centered by an inner insulating ring 12 and an outer insulating ring 13 in such a manner that contact with the walls at the inner and outer peripheries is avoided.
  • the whole crystal unit can be easily conveyed from one assembly station to another during the manufacturing process owing to the presence of these centering rings.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the piezotransducer unit in section along the line A-A in FIG. 1.
  • the outer tubelike wall 4 which is as thin as possible as well as an inner wall 3, which as also as thin as possible, and the outer and inner isolation and centering rings 13 and 12 are shown in section.
  • the push or shear sensitive axes of the piezodiscs 7 are indicated by respective arrows.
  • each piezodisc 7 is subjected to and stressed by a shearing force when a rotary moment is applied to the forcetransmitting plates 1 and 2 whereby the discs deliver a corresponding charge to the electrode 9 and thus to the central contact member 10 of the connecting tenninal.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a simpler construction of a piezotransducer unit or measuring element in which the space between two force-transmitting plates 31 and 32 and the inner parts is filled with an epoxy resin 33.
  • the transmitting plates 31 and 32 consist of an insulating material, e.g. aluminum oxide.
  • a ring plate 34 of metal has a lug 35 to which a metal screen 36 of a connecting cable 37 is attached such as by soldering.
  • An inner conductor 38 of the cable is connected to a disclike electrode 39.
  • Piezodiscs 40 are located between the ring plate 34 andthe electrode 39.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the piezomeasuring element in section along the line 8-8 in FIG. 3.
  • the push or shear sensitive axes of the individual piezocrystal disc 40 are indicated again by arrows.
  • the measuring elements are deposited in such a manner that all the axes are placed exactly parallel to an X-axis whereupon the disclike electrode 39 and the transmitting plate 31 and deposited on the assembled discs 40.
  • the whole measuring element is subjected to a vacuum' while it is located in a special mold, and is impregnated with a highly insulating epoxy resin.
  • the connector portion 49 is thereafter embedded in a silicone rubber 50.
  • a piezomeasuring element can be produced with simple means which is sensitive to push or shear along the axis X. Owing to physical properties of the piezocrystals forces along the Z and Y axes have no signal-producing effect.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates, by way of example, a natural quartz crystal 51 in which the known axes X, Y and Z are shown.
  • a piezodisc 52 For producing a disc which is sensitive to pressure P, such as shown; in FIG. 6 a piezodisc 52 must be cut from the crystal in the plane Y, Z. The force must be applied parallel to the axis a X and the electrical charges are produced on the upper and lower disc surfaces.
  • a disc 53 In order to produce a piezodisc which is responsive to a push or shearing force, such as shown in FIG. 7 a disc 53 must be cut from the crystal 51 in the plane X, Z. The disc 53 (FIG. 5 is then sensitive to push or shearing forces P in the direction of the axis X, as shown in FIG. 7. COrresponding charges are delivered at the circular upper and lower limiting surfaces.
  • the discs 52 and 53 are insensitive for forces in the Y and Z directions. Similar force orientations can be obtained also with other crystals, and it is also possible to obtain such effects also with piezoceramic discs. Furthermore, semiconductor crystals with similar sensitivity can be produced which have piezoresistive properties.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the use of two piezomeasuring elements in an arrangement wherein machining experiments are to be carried out on a test piece 81 be means of a drilling or milling tool 82.
  • the rotary moment M and the feed force in the Z direction are to be measured.
  • a piezotransducer unit 83 including transmitting plates 83a and 83b for measuring torque according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is assembled together with a compression force-measuring transducer unit 84 of generally similar construction and shown in block form, the two transducer units being clamped between the test piece 81 and a support 86 by means of a stressing screw 85.
  • An output signal caused by the prestressing can be reduced to zero by any known means.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a further example for use in an arrange ment wherein milling or grinding tests are to be carried out on a testpiece 91, and wherein forces in the Z and Y directions are to be measured.
  • a piezotransducer unit 94 for measuring pressure and a piezotransducer unit 93 for measuring a shearing force according to FIGS. 3 and 4 is used in a similar manner, and the units are clamped again between the testpiece 91 and a support 96 by means of a clamping or stressing screw.
  • the force-transmitting plates 93a and 93b of unit 93 are shown for clarity.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates, by way of example, a test arrangement wherein particles 102 impinging upon a testpiece 101 produce corresponding reaction forces; the components of these forces are to be measured in all three directions X, Y and Z, and additionally also the moment M is to be determined.
  • individual piezomeasuring elements 104 whose transmitting plates 104a and lMb are shown for measuring force along the Z axis, 105 for measuring shearing force along the Y axis, E06 for measuring shearing force along the X axis and 107 for measuring moment, the
  • FIG. 11 illustrates in cross section a further embodiment of a piezomeasuring cell or transducer unit for the measurement of rotary moments or torque.
  • a base plate provided with two tubelike wall members 112 and 113 has a U-shaped cross section.
  • a force-transmitting plate 114 is connected to two thin tubular ring members 115 and 116 which in turn are connected by rings welds 117 and 118 to the wall members 112 and 113 constituting the limbs of the U-shaped cross section of the baseplate 110.
  • This fold construction is effected in such manner that the transmitting plate 114 is pressed with bias against a measuring arrangement and the base plate 110.
  • the measuring arrangement comprises an electrode plate 120, an insulating plate I21, and a plate 119 with piezodiscs which may be embedded in a layer of, e.g. an epoxy resin.
  • the electrode plate 120 is connected to a connector 123 by means of a plug contact 122.
  • a plate with piezodiscs may be used.
  • the plate may be provided with piezodiscs the sensitivity axes of which have different directions form the axes of the piezodiscs of the plate 119.
  • the crystal arrangement is centered and detained by two insulating rings H24 and 125.
  • the crystal discs may be cast in an epoxy resin disc as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. Owing to the resilient connection between the transmitting plate 114 and the baseplate 110, the sensitivity of the measuring arrangement for rotary moment is altered only very little, because the stiffness thereof is considerably higher.
  • FIG. 12 A further possible embodiment of a peizomeasuring cell which can be used for measuring rotary moments as well as shearing forces and pressure forces is illustrated in FIG. 12.
  • a transmitting plate 131 is connected for resilient yield along two axes X and Y to a U-shaped base plate 130.
  • the ends of the thin walls constituting the limbs of the U-shaped cross section of the base plate are provided with annular enlargements 132 and 133 to which thin walled rings 135 and 136 attached to the transmitting plate 131 are welded under stress in the X direction.
  • annular gaps I34 and 137 are produced which afford resilience to the transmitting plate 131 in the Y direction.
  • the measuring arrangement is substantially the same as described with reference to FIG. 11.
  • the invention permits any multiple force component measurements and moment measurements in test articles to be effected in a simple manner in that a rigid measuring structure can be obtained by a combination of individual piezomeasuring elements and by mechanically stressing them.
  • the construction of the individual piezomeasuring elements or transducer units may be effected in accordance with uniform principles depending upon whether the element is to be used for the measurement of pressure forces, shearing forces or moments, in that the directions of the sensitivity axes of the piezocrystals are suitably aligned during assembly.
  • individual crystals with a different shape e.g. rectangular or trapezoidal shape, can be used in place of the circular disclike crystals.
  • a piezomeasuring device with a force-receiving body for measuring a plurality of forces impinging thereon having a plurality of separate transducer units mounted together, each transducer unit comprising:
  • a pair of force-transmitting members disposed about a common axis; and a plurality of piezocrystals disposed between the forcetransmitting members of said pair and being sensitive to forces in a single direction with respect to said axis;
  • each separate transducer unit are sensitive to forces in a direction different from the direction of sensitivity of the crystals of the other transducer units, whereby said measuring device provides a compact arrangement sensitive to forces in a plurality of directions.
  • a piewmeasuring device wherein said pair of force-transmitting members of each transducer unit are annular plates, between which said crystals are arranged, said crystals being disc-shaped and disposed in a conductive casing contacting a connecting tenninal located on the periphery of said unit, whereby charges produced under the effect of forces acting on said crystals may be conducted to said terminal to provide an electrical indication of said forces.
  • a piezomeasuring device according'to claim 2, further including an outer cylindrical jacket surrounding the outer portion of said plates and an inner cylindrical jacket disposed adjacent the inner surface of said plates.
  • a piezomeasuring device further including a pair of insulating rings disposed between said casing and said outer and inner jackets, respectively.
  • a piezomeasuring device wherein said piezodiscs are held between said pair of force-transmitting plates by a ring-shaped electrode and a ring-shaped insulator disposed between said plates.
  • a piezomeasuring device wherein one unit of said plurality of transducer units is sensitive only to axial compressional forces, while another unit is sensitive only to shear forces in a first direction.
  • a piezomeasuring device wherein an additional transducer unit in said plurality of transducer units is sensitive only to rotary moments.
  • a piezomeasuring device wherein another transducer unit in said plurality of transducer units is sensitive only to shear forces in a second direction different from said first direction.
  • a piezomeasuring device wherein said force receiving body is a ring of U-shaped cross section in which each transducer unit is assembled with axial prestress, so that said force-transmitting members are resilient relative to said force receiving body.
  • a piezomeasuring device wherein the individual piezocrystals are of approximately circular disclike form and have substantially the same dimensions independently of the crystal cut, and are inserted into retaining ring means operable to hold the sensitivity axes of the individual crystals in a fixed position until assembly.
  • the force-transmitting members are constructed as discs with a central opening and are connected to each other under stress by thin-walled tubular members.
  • a piezomeasuring device wherein said force-transmitting members are constructed as discs with a central opening and are connected to each other under stress by thin-walled tubular members.
  • a piezomeasuring device wherein the force receiving body is a ring of U-shaped cross section in which the measuring units are assembled with axial prestress in such manner that a force-transmitting member is resilient relative to the force receiving body.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
US846018A 1968-07-30 1969-07-30 Multicomponent force transducer Expired - Lifetime US3614488A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1144668A CH492968A (de) 1968-07-30 1968-07-30 Verfahren zur Herstellung piezoelektrischer Messzellen und nach dem Verfahren erhaltene Messzelle

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US3614488A true US3614488A (en) 1971-10-19

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US (1) US3614488A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT295191B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH492968A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1929478C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2013958A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1266362A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3824352A (en) * 1973-04-30 1974-07-16 Zenith Radio Corp Stacked piezoelectric transducer acting as quarter-wave resonator for recording video information
US4088015A (en) * 1975-09-26 1978-05-09 Kistler Instrumente Ag Force measuring apparatus with mounting arrangement
US4314481A (en) * 1978-12-22 1982-02-09 Kistler Instruments Ag Piezeolectric strain transducer
US4566316A (en) * 1983-01-10 1986-01-28 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Washer type pressure sensor
WO1987001802A1 (en) * 1985-09-13 1987-03-26 Carl Walter Werkzeugfabrik Kg Force measuring device
US4671147A (en) * 1985-05-30 1987-06-09 General Electric Company Instrumented tool holder
US4741231A (en) * 1986-04-14 1988-05-03 The Warner & Swasey Company Tool force sensor and method of making same
EP0270693A1 (de) * 1986-11-07 1988-06-15 Kristal Instrumente AG Mehrkomponenten-Dynamometer
US4868447A (en) * 1987-09-11 1989-09-19 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Piezoelectric polymer laminates for torsional and bending modal control
US5329823A (en) * 1990-05-31 1994-07-19 Kistler Instrumente Ag Interposed force sensor including amplifiers
US5376858A (en) * 1992-09-25 1994-12-27 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Ultrasonic motor
US5402684A (en) * 1992-10-23 1995-04-04 K.K. Holding Ag Multicomponent force and moment measuring arrangement
US5501111A (en) * 1990-12-09 1996-03-26 Kistler Instrumente Ag Force sensor systems especially for determining dynamically the axle load, speed, wheelbase and gross weight of vehicles
US5512794A (en) * 1991-12-05 1996-04-30 Kistler Instrumente Ag Shear accelerometer
US5513536A (en) * 1993-01-28 1996-05-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Pressure, force and torque measuring device
US5821431A (en) * 1995-04-12 1998-10-13 Giat Industries Measurement sensor for a linking wrench between two mechanical parts, as well as its manufacturing process
US5822876A (en) * 1996-04-25 1998-10-20 Northrop Grumman Corporation Surface displacement measurement gauge
US6354155B1 (en) 1999-06-02 2002-03-12 Bertec Corporation Multi-component force and moment measuring platform and load transducer
WO2006136182A1 (de) 2005-06-20 2006-12-28 S.W.A.C. Schmitt-Walter Automation Consult Gmbh Drucksensor
CN101750173B (zh) * 2010-01-21 2011-04-20 重庆大学 一种压电式六维力传感器
US20120012428A1 (en) * 2010-07-13 2012-01-19 Nihon Dempa Kogyo Co., Ltd. Brake mechanism, transport apparatus and industrial apparatus
CN104395720A (zh) * 2012-06-20 2015-03-04 基斯特勒控股公司 测量力的测量元件、测量体和测量装置以及这种测量体的应用
US20210190609A1 (en) * 2018-01-24 2021-06-24 Avl List Gmbh Measuring system and method for determining a force and/or a torque on a torque-transmitting shaft
EP3859294A1 (de) * 2020-01-29 2021-08-04 Piezocryst Advanced Sensorics GmbH Strukturiertes, piezoelektrisches sensorelement

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3908175C2 (de) * 1988-03-14 1994-04-14 Elco Co Belastungs-Detektorvorrichtung
DE102015013646A1 (de) 2015-10-22 2017-04-27 Dirk F. Bahr Zerspanungswerkzeug
AT521702B1 (de) * 2019-03-11 2020-04-15 Piezocryst Advanced Sensorics Messsystem, geeignet für den einbau zwischen moment- und/oder kraftübertragenden maschinenteilen
US11268608B2 (en) 2019-07-22 2022-03-08 Hiwin Technologies Corp. Ball screw with a load condition feedback mechanism
DE102019211235A1 (de) * 2019-07-29 2021-02-04 Hiwin Technologies Corp. Kugelspindel mit einem lastzustandrückkopplungsmechanismus

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US2774892A (en) * 1951-05-29 1956-12-18 Bendix Aviat Corp Annular vibrator with lumped loading
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US2875352A (en) * 1953-03-04 1959-02-24 Gulton Ind Inc Blast gauge
US3104334A (en) * 1959-09-15 1963-09-17 Endevco Corp Annular accelerometer
US3183378A (en) * 1960-01-11 1965-05-11 Detrex Chem Ind Sandwich transducer
US3151258A (en) * 1960-12-10 1964-09-29 Sonderegger Hans Conrad Device for measuring the forces between components of an assembly
US3320582A (en) * 1963-02-27 1967-05-16 Alan O Sykes Piezoelectric transducer
US3358257A (en) * 1965-12-27 1967-12-12 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Force and moment transducer

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Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3824352A (en) * 1973-04-30 1974-07-16 Zenith Radio Corp Stacked piezoelectric transducer acting as quarter-wave resonator for recording video information
US4088015A (en) * 1975-09-26 1978-05-09 Kistler Instrumente Ag Force measuring apparatus with mounting arrangement
US4314481A (en) * 1978-12-22 1982-02-09 Kistler Instruments Ag Piezeolectric strain transducer
US4566316A (en) * 1983-01-10 1986-01-28 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Washer type pressure sensor
US4671147A (en) * 1985-05-30 1987-06-09 General Electric Company Instrumented tool holder
WO1987001802A1 (en) * 1985-09-13 1987-03-26 Carl Walter Werkzeugfabrik Kg Force measuring device
US4741231A (en) * 1986-04-14 1988-05-03 The Warner & Swasey Company Tool force sensor and method of making same
US4802371A (en) * 1986-11-07 1989-02-07 Kristal Instrumente Ag Multi-component dynamometers
EP0270693A1 (de) * 1986-11-07 1988-06-15 Kristal Instrumente AG Mehrkomponenten-Dynamometer
US4868447A (en) * 1987-09-11 1989-09-19 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Piezoelectric polymer laminates for torsional and bending modal control
US5329823A (en) * 1990-05-31 1994-07-19 Kistler Instrumente Ag Interposed force sensor including amplifiers
US5501111A (en) * 1990-12-09 1996-03-26 Kistler Instrumente Ag Force sensor systems especially for determining dynamically the axle load, speed, wheelbase and gross weight of vehicles
US5512794A (en) * 1991-12-05 1996-04-30 Kistler Instrumente Ag Shear accelerometer
US5376858A (en) * 1992-09-25 1994-12-27 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Ultrasonic motor
US5402684A (en) * 1992-10-23 1995-04-04 K.K. Holding Ag Multicomponent force and moment measuring arrangement
US5513536A (en) * 1993-01-28 1996-05-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Pressure, force and torque measuring device
US5821431A (en) * 1995-04-12 1998-10-13 Giat Industries Measurement sensor for a linking wrench between two mechanical parts, as well as its manufacturing process
US5822876A (en) * 1996-04-25 1998-10-20 Northrop Grumman Corporation Surface displacement measurement gauge
US6354155B1 (en) 1999-06-02 2002-03-12 Bertec Corporation Multi-component force and moment measuring platform and load transducer
US8297133B2 (en) 2005-06-20 2012-10-30 S.W.A.C. Schmitt-Walter Automation Consult Gmbh Pressure sensor
WO2006136182A1 (de) 2005-06-20 2006-12-28 S.W.A.C. Schmitt-Walter Automation Consult Gmbh Drucksensor
JP2008544262A (ja) * 2005-06-20 2008-12-04 エス．ヴェー．アー．ツェー． シュミット−ウォルター オートメーション コンサルト ゲーエムベーハー 圧力センサ
US20100011884A1 (en) * 2005-06-20 2010-01-21 Stefan Schmitt-Walter Pressure Sensor
CN101750173B (zh) * 2010-01-21 2011-04-20 重庆大学 一种压电式六维力传感器
US8752909B2 (en) * 2010-07-13 2014-06-17 Nihon Dempa Kogyo Co., Ltd. Brake mechanism, transport apparatus and industrial apparatus
US20120012428A1 (en) * 2010-07-13 2012-01-19 Nihon Dempa Kogyo Co., Ltd. Brake mechanism, transport apparatus and industrial apparatus
CN104395720A (zh) * 2012-06-20 2015-03-04 基斯特勒控股公司 测量力的测量元件、测量体和测量装置以及这种测量体的应用
US9347839B2 (en) 2012-06-20 2016-05-24 Kistler Holding Ag Measuring element, measuring body and measuring arrangement for measuring a force, and use of such a measuring body
CN104395720B (zh) * 2012-06-20 2017-02-08 基斯特勒控股公司 测量力的测量元件、测量体和测量装置以及这种测量体的应用
US20210190609A1 (en) * 2018-01-24 2021-06-24 Avl List Gmbh Measuring system and method for determining a force and/or a torque on a torque-transmitting shaft
US11852545B2 (en) 2018-01-24 2023-12-26 Avl List Gmbh Measuring device and method for determining a force and/or a torque on a torque-transmitting shaft
US12013301B2 (en) * 2018-01-24 2024-06-18 Avl List Gmbh Measuring system and method for determining a force and/or a torque on a torque-transmitting shaft
EP3859294A1 (de) * 2020-01-29 2021-08-04 Piezocryst Advanced Sensorics GmbH Strukturiertes, piezoelektrisches sensorelement

Also Published As

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AT295191B (de) 1971-12-27
DE1929478A1 (de) 1970-02-19
DE1929478C3 (de) 1973-12-06
CH492968A (de) 1970-06-30
GB1266362A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-08
FR2013958A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-04-10
DE1929478B2 (de) 1973-05-17

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