US3611455A - Flotation pad - Google Patents

Flotation pad Download PDF

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Publication number
US3611455A
US3611455A US820085A US3611455DA US3611455A US 3611455 A US3611455 A US 3611455A US 820085 A US820085 A US 820085A US 3611455D A US3611455D A US 3611455DA US 3611455 A US3611455 A US 3611455A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
liquid
envelope
support
cushion
elastomer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US820085A
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English (en)
Inventor
Max Gottfried
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BSN Jobst Inc
Original Assignee
Jobst Institute Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jobst Institute Inc filed Critical Jobst Institute Inc
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Publication of US3611455A publication Critical patent/US3611455A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
    • A61G7/05—Parts, details or accessories of beds
    • A61G7/057—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor
    • A61G7/05738—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor with fluid-like particles, e.g. sand, mud, seeds, gel, beads
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
    • A61G7/05—Parts, details or accessories of beds
    • A61G7/057—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor
    • A61G7/05738—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor with fluid-like particles, e.g. sand, mud, seeds, gel, beads
    • A61G7/05753—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor with fluid-like particles, e.g. sand, mud, seeds, gel, beads air-evacuated, e.g. in order to adapt to the form of the patient
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C9/00—Life-saving in water
    • B63C9/08—Life-buoys, e.g. rings; Life-belts, jackets, suits, or the like

Definitions

  • the foam essentially is saturated with the liquid and the envelope loosely encloses the elastomer form so that the envelope conforms to a supported body, the liquid tends to equalize the supporting pressure across the surface of the body and the elastomer form tends to confine the body of liquid to the support area and provide a stable support.
  • Tenteris a flexible fluid impervious envelope having sides or wings constrained to define when filled with a liquid, a pool having a loosely covered upper surface has been employed in beds to support a prone patient in flotation'and in chairs to provide a uniform distribution of supporting force over the supported surface of a seated patient.
  • These cushioning systems have been found to be diflicult to manipulate by patients who utilize wheel chairs to afford them a reasonable degree of mobility and independence, particularly where the wheel chair is folded by the invalid as when transferred to an automobile.
  • the aforenoted body support cushioning system when applied to a wheel chair utilized both displacement of the liquid within the envelope, and the development of a hydrostatic head to support a seated patient.
  • the present invention seeks greater portability in a cushioning system by further reducing the amount of liquid in the system and by enhancing the controlled utilization of that liquid as a support.
  • this invention combines a resilient cellular body with the liquid in a support cushion to reduce the maximum pressures imposed on a body supported on the cushion.
  • Support cushions have been made of airtight envelopes Which contain amass of compressible, resilient material to augment the support offered by the inflation of the envelope.
  • Sylvester Pat. 1,332,933 of Mar. 9, 1920 for fPneumatic Cushion discloses one such structure.
  • Morris Pat. 2,997,100 of Aug. 22, 1961 for Pneumatic Foam Structures suggests a foam body of elastomer having an airtight skin and a means for inflating the foam to a controlled pressure to control the firmness of the body as a cushion.
  • the support fluid is not displaced in any degree by the Weight of the supporting body but rather the balancing support forces are the internal pneumatic pressure and resilience of the filler material where it assumes a portion of the load.
  • This type of support maximizes the tension developed in the envelope surface contacting the supporting body and thereby tends to concentrate support pressures in the area of the bodys boney prominences.
  • the present invention relates to body cushions and their methods of manufacture and more particularly to cushions utilizing a combination of liquid and resilient solid as the supporting medium.
  • a body of cellular elastomer such as a flexible polyether urethane foam or foamed rubber in the form of a block is enclosed in an envelope which is flexible and fluid impervious.
  • a given amount of water or other suitable liquid is introduced into the envelope in a manner to fill the cells of the foam and the envelope is sealed.
  • the envelope has a loose surface over the liquid filled, foam body to enable it to conform to the buttocks of a human seated thereon whereby some of the liquid and its confining cellular structure'is displaced and rises around the buttocks to act as a flotation pool in which the buttocks is supported.
  • the resilience of the cellular material in part supports the body. However, the cellular material also constrains and retards the flow of the liquid so that a gradual compliance and conformation to the supported buttocks is experienced.
  • the present inventions object is to improve body support cushions.
  • a second object is to utilize a combination of displacement and hydrostatic head forces to support a body with a uniform distribution of supporting pressure.
  • a third object is to facilitate manufacture of liquid filled, resilient cellular cushions.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective of the upper face of a seat cushion according to this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross section of an elevation of the cushion of FIG. 1 taken along the line 2-2
  • H FIG. 3 is a cross section of the cushion as in FIG. 2 showing the effect of the loading of the cushion bythe human buttocks
  • FIG. 4 is a functional flow diagram of one method of producing the cushion of the invention.
  • a contoured seat pad 11 as shown in FIG. l comprises a body in the general form of a rectangular parallelepiped having a cutout region 12. The illustrated pad'is suitable for a wheel chair and has been used as a cushion for truck drivers seats. Its form in the cutout region 12 intended to reduce pressure over the coccyx by reducing the thickness of the resilient padding to about half its thickness over the major surface portions.
  • the pad construction will be appreciated from FIG. 2. It comprises a body 13 of a foamed elastomer which when initially formed is of a nominal four inch thickness, 2. length of eighteen inches, and a width of sixteen inches.
  • the cutout region 12 extends about seven inches across the cushion and a maximum of nine inches from the back of the cushion toward its front.
  • An envelope 14 which is impervious to fluids encloses the body 13.
  • a heavy duty nylon cloth having its inner face, that adjacent body 13, coated with neoprene is durable yet thin enough to conform readily to the natural body curvature.
  • the upper and lower panels 15 and 16 of envelope 14 are joined in overlying relationship as at 17 to form a sealed joint.
  • the lower panel has a stem 18 sealed through its face for the purpose of removing air from the foamed body and envelope and admitting liquid thereto.
  • a stem 18 of an elastomer which can be distended to insert a plug 19 and will constrict by virtue of its resilience to sealingly grasp the plug has been employed to c ⁇ maintain the stem sealed under load of a supported bo y.
  • Pad 11 as used for the exemplary seat cushion has handles 21 sewn to the overlying marginal portions -17 of the envelope panels at either side of the seat whereby the pad can be lifted conveniently.
  • the resilience of the body of elastomer is augmented by flotation support and hydrostatic pressure by water or another suitable liquid.
  • the volume of approximately 736 cubic inches has twenty one pounds of water or approximately 80% of volume of water introduced through the stem 18 so that a load imposed on the upper panel 15 causes the supported body portion to sink into the loose upper surface of the cushion while drawing the bottom panel 16 taut in the general form shown in FIG. 3.
  • the liquid and resilient, cellular body containing it is displaced to the sides of the supported body portion and by virtue of the confinement and constraint offered by the saturated elastomer body 13 and envelope 14 supports the body portion in part by flotation.
  • the supporting face of the cushion conforms to the supported body portion to distribute the support force over the body portion. This reduces pressure concentrations as over the coccyx and ischial to reduce the tendency to develop pressure sores and to reduce the discomfort imposed where an individual remains seated and relatively immobile for long periods.
  • one technique for fabricating this type cushion is to form the foamed elastomer body 13 to the desired shape and encase it loosely in an envelope 14 of flexible fluid impervious material.
  • This envelope can be sealed by cementing or thermally bonding the marginal regions of superposed upper and lower panels 15 and 16. Air is then expelled from the cellular body 13 and the envelope 14, and a fluid is admitted so that the resilience of the body draws the fluid into its cell structure. An external pressurecan be applied to remove the air.
  • the envelope 14 can be evacuated as by coupling a vacuum pump to the interior through stem 18. During this evacuation, the air within the cells of the foam is withdrawn and atmospheric pressure compresses the assembly from its original thickness in excess of four inches to less than an inch.
  • the inlet When thus compressed, the inlet is coupled to a source of water and. filled until the entire unit wei 4 twenty-three pounds. This requires about twenty-one pounds of water and results in the recovery of the foamed elastomer to a thickness of about three inches with the water primarily drawn into the cellular structure.
  • the unit can then be sealed by inserting a plug 19 in the stem 18.
  • the cushion disclosed lends itself to different configurations to enhance the relief of pressure at critical pressure areas by reducing the thickness of the foamed elastomer body in the region of support Where higher pressures are experienced.
  • the pad can be used in beds for localized relief by positioning it in a cavity in the supporting mattress as at the heals or buttocks.
  • Cellular material of different degrees of firmness can be employed. The thickness of the cellular material, its density and the amount of fluid can all be varied.
  • the support afforded by the cushion is a combination of displacement of the liquid (a flotation support), the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid (a pressure balance), and the resilience of the cellular body.
  • flotation requires a weight of liquid and thus increases the weight of the cushion A compromise must thus be maintained between weight (portability) and the degree of flotation support achieved.
  • a support cushion adapted to sustain an anlmal body portion against gravity while militating agalnst pressure concentrations over the honey prominences of the animal body portion comprising a body of resilient, cellular elastomer of substantial thickness through a ma or portion of its animal body sustaining region, said region having a lateral extent exceeding the sustalned animal body portion; a fluid imperivous envelope of flexible sheet material loosely enclosing said body, said envelope having major surfaces of greater lateral extent than said res lient body region sustaining the animal body portion; a liquid substantially filling the cells of said elastomer and displacing essentially all free gas within said envelope; and means sealing said envelope, said substantial thickness being sufficient to provide a yielding support beneath the honey prominences of the animal body region supported thereby when said elastomer is substantially filled with liquid.
  • said body is a flexible polyether urethane foam having a degree of firmness such that a four inch thickness deflects 25% under a fifty square inch loading of 34 to 40 pounds, which in the unconstrained condition in air is about four inches by sixteen inches by eighteen inches, wherein said body has a volume of about 736 cubic inches in its water filled form, and wherein said liquid is about twenty-one 9/1966 Boyce 5348 3/1967 Spence 5348 PAUL R. GILLIAM, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 5-338, 339

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nursing (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)
  • Invalid Beds And Related Equipment (AREA)
US820085A 1969-04-29 1969-04-29 Flotation pad Expired - Lifetime US3611455A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US82008569A 1969-04-29 1969-04-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3611455A true US3611455A (en) 1971-10-12

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US820085A Expired - Lifetime US3611455A (en) 1969-04-29 1969-04-29 Flotation pad

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3611455A (de)
AT (1) AT311546B (de)
AU (1) AU1395470A (de)
BE (1) BE749538A (de)
DE (1) DE2018083C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2040379A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1279558A (de)
NL (1) NL161356C (de)
SE (1) SE368904B (de)
ZA (1) ZA702868B (de)

Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3849801A (en) * 1972-12-20 1974-11-26 Medalist Ind Inc Protective gear with hydraulic liner
US3872525A (en) * 1972-01-10 1975-03-25 James M Lea Inflatable foam pad
US4132228A (en) * 1977-07-08 1979-01-02 Rockwell International Corporation Comfort support seat cushion assembly
US4164798A (en) * 1976-07-23 1979-08-21 Weber Joseph T Seat cushion
US4370768A (en) * 1980-04-25 1983-02-01 Saloff William S Damped fluid displacement support system
US4370769A (en) * 1980-09-19 1983-02-01 Herzig Ralph B Cushion utilizing air and liquid
US4411033A (en) * 1979-07-23 1983-10-25 United Foam Corporation Waveless waterbed
US4468824A (en) * 1982-09-28 1984-09-04 Hanlan J Treacy O Water filled pressure relief device with rectangular aperture
WO1985000960A1 (en) * 1983-08-31 1985-03-14 William Samuel Saloff Damped fluid displacement support system and method for making the same
WO1986006955A1 (en) * 1985-05-20 1986-12-04 Jay Eric C Hemorrhoid seat cushion
US4643481A (en) * 1984-11-08 1987-02-17 Saloff William S Seat system for preventing decubiti
US4709431A (en) * 1985-12-02 1987-12-01 Shaktman Donald H Dual crowned hemorrhoid support seat cushion
US4761843A (en) * 1985-05-20 1988-08-09 Jay Medical, Ltd. Hemorrhoid seat cushion
US4891846A (en) * 1988-12-16 1990-01-09 Sager Annette M Medical absorption garment
US5033742A (en) * 1990-07-12 1991-07-23 Consumer Direct, Inc. Inflatable sit-up exercise device
US5190350A (en) * 1989-09-13 1993-03-02 Goodway Corporation Seating arrangement
US5196242A (en) * 1991-05-29 1993-03-23 Vicino Robert K Self-inflating foam structure
US5300105A (en) * 1990-02-26 1994-04-05 Vesture Corporation Therapeutic pad and method
US5333921A (en) * 1992-09-16 1994-08-02 Jay Medical, Ltd. Adjustable cover and seating system for a wheelchair
US5369829A (en) * 1988-05-16 1994-12-06 Jay Medical, Ltd. Seat cushion for reclining wheelchairs
US5395162A (en) * 1993-02-16 1995-03-07 Jay Medical Ltd. Seating system
US5424519A (en) * 1993-09-21 1995-06-13 Battelle Memorial Institute Microwaved-activated thermal storage material; and method
US5515975A (en) * 1992-11-05 1996-05-14 Jarvis Packaging And Designs, Inc. Evacuated, encapsulating packaging
US5545198A (en) * 1990-02-26 1996-08-13 Vesture Corporation Method of heating seat cushion with removable heating pad
US5575812A (en) * 1990-02-26 1996-11-19 Vesture Corporation Cooling pad method
US5630959A (en) * 1990-02-26 1997-05-20 Vesture Corporation Microwavable heating pad for warming food and method
US5817149A (en) * 1990-02-26 1998-10-06 Vesture Corporation Heat application method
US6036271A (en) * 1994-06-03 2000-03-14 Span-America Medical Systems, Inc. Self-adjusting pressure relief seating system and methodology
US6256819B1 (en) 1997-01-22 2001-07-10 Span-America Medical Systems, Inc. Multi-section positioning wheelchair cushion
US6491717B1 (en) 1994-10-28 2002-12-10 Eric D. Stanley Pulsating liquid saturated foam container
US20060037142A1 (en) * 2004-08-20 2006-02-23 Patricia Binder Support with buoyancy cushions
WO2007147633A1 (en) * 2006-06-23 2007-12-27 James Leckey Design Limited A cushion and mattress assembly incorporating same
US20080263772A1 (en) * 2007-04-30 2008-10-30 Li-Ya Chiu Adjustable pad according user's weight
US20220273102A1 (en) * 2019-08-05 2022-09-01 Jsp Corporation Cushion Body For Sitting

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8715794U1 (de) * 1987-11-28 1989-03-30 stn-Vertrieb-GmbH, 8500 Nürnberg Polster
GB2290705A (en) * 1994-06-29 1996-01-10 Smith Ian Graham Robertson Neck pillow device
DE19753765A1 (de) * 1997-12-04 1999-06-10 Hollmann Ernst Kopfkissen mit seitlichen Kopfstützen
DE19907747A1 (de) * 1998-10-06 2000-04-20 Gyula Tollar Kopfauflage
GB2561927B (en) * 2017-07-07 2020-01-01 Mjs Healthcare Ltd Cushion support

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU1373670A (en) * 1970-04-10 1971-10-14 Jeffrey Baker Brian Improvements in pillows and cushions

Cited By (44)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3872525A (en) * 1972-01-10 1975-03-25 James M Lea Inflatable foam pad
US3849801A (en) * 1972-12-20 1974-11-26 Medalist Ind Inc Protective gear with hydraulic liner
US4164798A (en) * 1976-07-23 1979-08-21 Weber Joseph T Seat cushion
US4132228A (en) * 1977-07-08 1979-01-02 Rockwell International Corporation Comfort support seat cushion assembly
US4411033A (en) * 1979-07-23 1983-10-25 United Foam Corporation Waveless waterbed
US4370768A (en) * 1980-04-25 1983-02-01 Saloff William S Damped fluid displacement support system
US4370769A (en) * 1980-09-19 1983-02-01 Herzig Ralph B Cushion utilizing air and liquid
US4468824A (en) * 1982-09-28 1984-09-04 Hanlan J Treacy O Water filled pressure relief device with rectangular aperture
WO1985000960A1 (en) * 1983-08-31 1985-03-14 William Samuel Saloff Damped fluid displacement support system and method for making the same
US4942634A (en) * 1983-08-31 1990-07-24 Lumex, Inc. Damped fluid displacement support system and method for making the same
US4643481A (en) * 1984-11-08 1987-02-17 Saloff William S Seat system for preventing decubiti
WO1986006955A1 (en) * 1985-05-20 1986-12-04 Jay Eric C Hemorrhoid seat cushion
US4660238A (en) * 1985-05-20 1987-04-28 Jay Medical, Ltd. Hemorrhoid seat cushion
US4761843A (en) * 1985-05-20 1988-08-09 Jay Medical, Ltd. Hemorrhoid seat cushion
US4709431A (en) * 1985-12-02 1987-12-01 Shaktman Donald H Dual crowned hemorrhoid support seat cushion
US5369829A (en) * 1988-05-16 1994-12-06 Jay Medical, Ltd. Seat cushion for reclining wheelchairs
US5457833A (en) * 1988-05-16 1995-10-17 Jay Medical Ltd. Seating system method for a wheelchair
US4891846A (en) * 1988-12-16 1990-01-09 Sager Annette M Medical absorption garment
US5190350A (en) * 1989-09-13 1993-03-02 Goodway Corporation Seating arrangement
US5989286A (en) * 1990-02-26 1999-11-23 Vesture Corporation Therapeutic pad and method
US5817149A (en) * 1990-02-26 1998-10-06 Vesture Corporation Heat application method
US5300105A (en) * 1990-02-26 1994-04-05 Vesture Corporation Therapeutic pad and method
US6152952A (en) * 1990-02-26 2000-11-28 Vesture Corporation Therapeutic pad and method
US5500010A (en) * 1990-02-26 1996-03-19 Owens; Byron C. Heat application method
US5545198A (en) * 1990-02-26 1996-08-13 Vesture Corporation Method of heating seat cushion with removable heating pad
US5575812A (en) * 1990-02-26 1996-11-19 Vesture Corporation Cooling pad method
US5630959A (en) * 1990-02-26 1997-05-20 Vesture Corporation Microwavable heating pad for warming food and method
US5700284A (en) * 1990-02-26 1997-12-23 Vesture Corporation Heat application method
US5817150A (en) * 1990-02-26 1998-10-06 Vesture Corporation Therapeutic pad and method
US5033742A (en) * 1990-07-12 1991-07-23 Consumer Direct, Inc. Inflatable sit-up exercise device
US5196242A (en) * 1991-05-29 1993-03-23 Vicino Robert K Self-inflating foam structure
US5333921A (en) * 1992-09-16 1994-08-02 Jay Medical, Ltd. Adjustable cover and seating system for a wheelchair
US5515975A (en) * 1992-11-05 1996-05-14 Jarvis Packaging And Designs, Inc. Evacuated, encapsulating packaging
US5395162A (en) * 1993-02-16 1995-03-07 Jay Medical Ltd. Seating system
US5424519A (en) * 1993-09-21 1995-06-13 Battelle Memorial Institute Microwaved-activated thermal storage material; and method
US6036271A (en) * 1994-06-03 2000-03-14 Span-America Medical Systems, Inc. Self-adjusting pressure relief seating system and methodology
US6491717B1 (en) 1994-10-28 2002-12-10 Eric D. Stanley Pulsating liquid saturated foam container
US6256819B1 (en) 1997-01-22 2001-07-10 Span-America Medical Systems, Inc. Multi-section positioning wheelchair cushion
US20060037142A1 (en) * 2004-08-20 2006-02-23 Patricia Binder Support with buoyancy cushions
US7225485B2 (en) 2004-08-20 2007-06-05 Patricia Binder Support with buoyancy cushions
WO2007147633A1 (en) * 2006-06-23 2007-12-27 James Leckey Design Limited A cushion and mattress assembly incorporating same
US20080263772A1 (en) * 2007-04-30 2008-10-30 Li-Ya Chiu Adjustable pad according user's weight
US20220273102A1 (en) * 2019-08-05 2022-09-01 Jsp Corporation Cushion Body For Sitting
US11882940B2 (en) * 2019-08-05 2024-01-30 Jsp Corporation Cushion body for sitting

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2018083A1 (de) 1970-11-05
FR2040379A1 (de) 1971-01-22
SE368904B (de) 1974-07-29
AT311546B (de) 1973-11-26
DE2018083C3 (de) 1979-04-05
NL161356C (nl) 1980-02-15
AU1395470A (en) 1971-10-21
NL7005786A (de) 1970-11-02
DE2018083B2 (de) 1978-08-17
NL161356B (nl) 1979-09-17
BE749538A (fr) 1970-10-26
ZA702868B (en) 1971-05-27
GB1279558A (en) 1972-06-28

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