US3609031A - Method of forming electrostatic latent images - Google Patents

Method of forming electrostatic latent images Download PDF

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Publication number
US3609031A
US3609031A US830676A US3609031DA US3609031A US 3609031 A US3609031 A US 3609031A US 830676 A US830676 A US 830676A US 3609031D A US3609031D A US 3609031DA US 3609031 A US3609031 A US 3609031A
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United States
Prior art keywords
photosensitive element
layer
corona discharge
electrostatic latent
photosensitive
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US830676A
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English (en)
Inventor
Koichi Kinoshita
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Katsuragawa Electric Co Ltd
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Katsuragawa Electric Co Ltd
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Application filed by Katsuragawa Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Katsuragawa Electric Co Ltd
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Publication of US3609031A publication Critical patent/US3609031A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/043—Photoconductive layers characterised by having two or more layers or characterised by their composite structure
    • G03G5/0433—Photoconductive layers characterised by having two or more layers or characterised by their composite structure all layers being inorganic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/056—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern using internal polarisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/043—Photoconductive layers characterised by having two or more layers or characterised by their composite structure
    • G03G5/0436—Photoconductive layers characterised by having two or more layers or characterised by their composite structure combining organic and inorganic layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/08—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/147—Cover layers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of forming electrostatic latent images in an electrophotography utilizing corona discharge electrodes in the form of fine wires and more particularly to an improved method of eliminating the effect of corona discharge electrodes upon the projected light image.
  • an electrostatic latent image is formed by the steps of applying a first electric field across a photosensitive element including a thin and transparent highly insulative layer and photosensitive layer integrally bonded to the highly insulative layer to deposit a charge of a first polarity upon the surface thereof, applying a second electric field across the photosensitive element to deposit a charge of opposite polarity, and projecting a light image upon the photosensitive element concurrently with the application of the second field whereby to form an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the highly insulative layer corresponding to the projected light image.
  • the method offorming electrostatic latent images comprises applying a first electric field across a photosensitive element including a photosensitive layer manifesting persistent internal polarization and a highly insulative layer integrally bonded to the photosensitive layer so as to deposit a first uniform charge upon the surface of the highly insulative layer and to establish a uniform charge polarization in the photosensitive layer; applying a second field across the photosensitive element in the dark to deposit on the surface of the highly insulative layer a second charge of the opposite polarity; projecting a light image upon the photosensitive element; depositing a charge of the opposite polarity on the surface of the highly insulative layer in the dark whereby to form electrostatic latent image on the surface of the highly insulativc layer; and exposing the surface of the photosensitive element to uniform light.
  • the latent images produced in this manner can be developed and transfer printed in the well-known manner.
  • the photosensitive layer to be used in this invention '3 desirable to have a high dark resistance.
  • a photosensitive layer which includes a plurality of trap levels in the layer at portions near the highly insulative layer integrally bonded to the photosensitive layer, or a photosensitive layer that can manifest persistent internal polarization (PIP) effect.
  • PIP persistent internal polarization
  • FIGURE diagrammatically shows an electrophotographic apparatus utilized to carry out this invention.
  • Vapor of monomer of acrylic resin was introduced into an evacuated vessel and a high AC voltage was impressed across two spaced-apart electrode plates disposed in the evacuated vessel to deposit films of the polymer of the acrylic resin on the surfaces of the electrode plates to a thickness of about 3 microns.
  • the coated electrode plate was utilized as a substrate and an alloy of SeTe containing 25 percent of Te was vapor deposited on the polymer filrn to a thickness of about 34 microns. Near the end of the vapor deposition process, Se was also vapor deposited together with the SeTe alloy and thereafter a thin layer of SeTe along was deposited to obtain a photosensitive layer.
  • a layer of polycarbonate was then ap- Further, the photosensitive element can be used repeatedly by erasing the latent image and cleaning the surface of the ele--* ment.
  • the novel process can assure extremely high photosensitivity comparable with that of the KTA process.
  • the novel method is not only suitable for forming latent images by projecting the light image through the corona discharge electrode unit but also can form more stable latent images than the KTA process by the following reason.
  • a large field is applied across the photosensitive layer in the dark and then the light image is projected in the third step so that the density of charge carriers flowing through the photosensitive layer in response to light increases greatly thus assuring high photosensitivity.
  • a photosensitive element 10 was wrapped around a metal or glass cylinder 11 with its highly insulative layer 12 faced outwardly.
  • the photosensitive element 10 shown in the drawing further comprised a photosensitive layer 1.3 prepared in the above-described manner and a backing electrode 14 which is grounded as shown. in some applications the backing electrode 14 is transparent.
  • the cylinder was rotated in the direction indicated by an arrow.
  • a first corona discharge electrode unit 15 was placed close to the periphery of the photosensitive element to deposit a charge of -800 volts on the surface of highly insulative layer 12. Then, in the dark, a positive charge was deposited by means of a second corona discharge electrode unit 16 until the potential of the surface of the highly insulative layer increased to substantially zero volt. 0.5 second after termination of this positive corona discharge a suitable light image was projected upon the photosensitive element by means of a flash light optical system 17, and 0.5 second thereafter, the surface of the photosensitive element was charged positively by means of a third positive corona discharge electrode 18. Then uniform light, which may be room light, was projected upon the photosensitive element as schematically shown by arrow A.
  • the electrostatic latent image was developed by applying a powder of charged developer by means of a magnetic bnrsh 19 which are commonly used in the electrophotography to obtain an intense visible image.
  • the developed power image was'then transfer printed onto a paper 20 in the conventional manner.
  • the developer powder remaining on the photosensitive element after transfer printing was removed by a cleaning brush 21. The above-described cycle of operation was repeated many times without any trouble.
  • a photosensitive element was prepared comprising an electrode, a photosensitive layer including a photoconductive layer and a charge trap layer, and a highly insulative layer which were bonded together into an integral structure.
  • the electrode may be made of a metal plate, low resistance paper, low resistance synthetic resin, Nesa (trade mark) glass or any other low resistance material.
  • the photoconductive layer may be sintered CdS or CdSe, or vapor deposited CdS, CdSe or Se or a thin layer of a powder of CdS, CdSe or ZnO bonded by a binder of a very low proportion or a thin layer of polyvinyl carbazole whereas the charge trap layer may be composed of ZnS or ZnCd activated with Cu, Ag or Pb, or anthracene, anthraguinone, S, PbO or the like having a large number of impurity levels.
  • the highly insulative layer may be made of any material provided that it can transmit light rays and has high insulating strength. Where Nesa glass is utilized as the electrode, the highly insulative layer may be opaque.
  • the trap layer was formed by diffusing an impurity into the surface of a photoconductive layer at a high density, thus forming a charge trap layer in the surface portion of the photoconductive layer.
  • a charge trap layer was fonned in the surface layer portion of a sintered photoconductive layer by difi'using an impurity of high concentration into a surface layer portion at a relatively low temperature for a short interval.
  • Other layers were prepared in the same manner as in example 2.
  • this invention comprises a modification of the KTA process wherein the step of applying the second field of the KTA process is divided into two spacedapart independent periods and between these periods is interposed the projection of the light image independently of the corona discharge, thus eliminating the deleterious effect of the shadow of the corona discharge electrode upon the latent image.
  • the method of this invention may be modified by applying such extremely high potential across the photosensitive element during the second step that is not suitable for satisfactory development of the latent image and increases the density of drifting charge carriers contributing to image formation at the time of light image projection and by readjusting the surface potential to a value suitable for developing during the fourth step.
  • This modified method can greatly improve the photosensitivity.
  • the field applied in the fourth step may be a DC or an AC field.
  • a method of forming an electrostatic latent image by the steps of applying a first electric field across a photosensitive element including a photosensitive layer manifesting persistent internal polarization and a highly insulative layer integrally bonded to the photosensitive layer so as to deposit a first uniform charge of one polarity upon the surface of the highly insulative layer and to establish a uniform charge po arrzatron
  • applying a second electric field across the photosensitive element to deposit on the surface of the highly insulative layer a second charge of the opposite polarity, and projecting a light image upon the photosensitive element the improvement which comprises applying said second field in two spaced-apart periods, and projecting said light image between said periods.
  • An electrophotographic apparatus comprising a photosensitive element including a photosensitive layer manifesting persistent internal polarization and a highly insulative layer integrally bonded to said photosensitive layer, a first corona discharge electrode unit to deposit a charge of first polarity on the surface of said highly insulative layer, spaced-apart second and third corona discharge electrode units to deposit a charge of the opposite polarity on the surface of said highly insulative layer, means interposed between said second and third corona discharge electrode units to project a light image on said photosensitive element, whereby to form an electrostatic latent image on the surface of said highly insulative layer corresponding to said projected light image, means to develop said latent image as a powder image, means to transfer print said powder image onto a receptive medium, means to clean the surface of said photosensitive element and means for moving said photosensitive element relative to other elements of the apparatus.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrophotography Using Other Than Carlson'S Method (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
US830676A 1968-11-05 1969-06-05 Method of forming electrostatic latent images Expired - Lifetime US3609031A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP43080880A JPS4813455B1 (nl) 1968-11-05 1968-11-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3609031A true US3609031A (en) 1971-09-28

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US830676A Expired - Lifetime US3609031A (en) 1968-11-05 1969-06-05 Method of forming electrostatic latent images

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US3609031A (nl)
JP (1) JPS4813455B1 (nl)
AT (1) AT301342B (nl)
BR (1) BR6909483D0 (nl)
CA (1) CA926916A (nl)
CH (1) CH517326A (nl)
DE (1) DE1932353B2 (nl)
FR (1) FR2022568A1 (nl)
GB (1) GB1249210A (nl)
NL (1) NL152672B (nl)
SE (1) SE343409B (nl)
SU (1) SU409450A3 (nl)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3709603A (en) * 1969-11-07 1973-01-09 Katsuragawa Denki Kk Electrophotographic copying machine
US3761951A (en) * 1968-02-25 1973-09-25 Canon Kk Electrostatic image forming apparatus
US3775104A (en) * 1970-12-29 1973-11-27 Mita Industrial Co Ltd Electrophotographic process using corona discharge current of an asymmetrical wave form
JPS4910751A (nl) * 1972-05-27 1974-01-30
US3797928A (en) * 1970-01-24 1974-03-19 Katsuragawa Denki Kk Method and apparatus for electrophotography
US3800302A (en) * 1971-12-27 1974-03-26 Xerox Corp Recording oscillograph utilizing photoelectrophoretic techniques
US3818492A (en) * 1970-11-13 1974-06-18 Canon Kk Recording of information in bit form
US3980475A (en) * 1972-07-27 1976-09-14 La Cellophane Process of transferring an electrostatic latent image to a dielectric support
US4179290A (en) * 1977-03-14 1979-12-18 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Photoelectrophoretic photography process involving dual corona treatments of opposite polarity
US4233612A (en) * 1974-07-10 1980-11-11 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image information electrostatic recording device
WO1980002785A1 (en) * 1979-05-14 1980-12-11 L Marsh Method of impressing and reading out a surface charge on a multi-layered detector structure
US4248518A (en) * 1977-04-27 1981-02-03 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic copying apparatus
US4432631A (en) * 1976-12-15 1984-02-21 International Business Machines Corporation Photoconductor charging technique
US4490033A (en) * 1983-04-28 1984-12-25 Xerox Corporation Reproducing apparatus with scrolled imaging web
US4521808A (en) * 1979-03-22 1985-06-04 University Of Texas System Electrostatic imaging apparatus

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3041167A (en) * 1959-08-19 1962-06-26 Xerox Corp Xerographic process
US3307034A (en) * 1963-12-09 1967-02-28 Xerox Corp Two-wire corona discharge system for single-step electrostatic image formation

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3041167A (en) * 1959-08-19 1962-06-26 Xerox Corp Xerographic process
US3307034A (en) * 1963-12-09 1967-02-28 Xerox Corp Two-wire corona discharge system for single-step electrostatic image formation

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3761951A (en) * 1968-02-25 1973-09-25 Canon Kk Electrostatic image forming apparatus
US3709603A (en) * 1969-11-07 1973-01-09 Katsuragawa Denki Kk Electrophotographic copying machine
US3797928A (en) * 1970-01-24 1974-03-19 Katsuragawa Denki Kk Method and apparatus for electrophotography
US3818492A (en) * 1970-11-13 1974-06-18 Canon Kk Recording of information in bit form
US3775104A (en) * 1970-12-29 1973-11-27 Mita Industrial Co Ltd Electrophotographic process using corona discharge current of an asymmetrical wave form
US3800302A (en) * 1971-12-27 1974-03-26 Xerox Corp Recording oscillograph utilizing photoelectrophoretic techniques
JPS538223B2 (nl) * 1972-05-27 1978-03-27
JPS4910751A (nl) * 1972-05-27 1974-01-30
US3980475A (en) * 1972-07-27 1976-09-14 La Cellophane Process of transferring an electrostatic latent image to a dielectric support
US4233612A (en) * 1974-07-10 1980-11-11 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image information electrostatic recording device
US4432631A (en) * 1976-12-15 1984-02-21 International Business Machines Corporation Photoconductor charging technique
US4179290A (en) * 1977-03-14 1979-12-18 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Photoelectrophoretic photography process involving dual corona treatments of opposite polarity
US4248518A (en) * 1977-04-27 1981-02-03 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic copying apparatus
US4521808A (en) * 1979-03-22 1985-06-04 University Of Texas System Electrostatic imaging apparatus
US4539591A (en) * 1979-03-22 1985-09-03 University Of Texas System Method of impressing and reading out a surface charge on a multi-layered detector structure
WO1980002785A1 (en) * 1979-05-14 1980-12-11 L Marsh Method of impressing and reading out a surface charge on a multi-layered detector structure
US4490033A (en) * 1983-04-28 1984-12-25 Xerox Corporation Reproducing apparatus with scrolled imaging web

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT301342B (de) 1972-07-15
DE1932353B2 (de) 1972-06-29
BR6909483D0 (pt) 1973-01-25
JPS4813455B1 (nl) 1973-04-27
SE343409B (nl) 1972-03-06
CH517326A (fr) 1971-12-31
NL152672B (nl) 1977-03-15
FR2022568A1 (nl) 1970-07-31
SU409450A3 (nl) 1973-11-30
CA926916A (en) 1973-05-22
NL6911184A (nl) 1970-05-08
GB1249210A (en) 1971-10-13
DE1932353A1 (de) 1970-05-21

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