US3607345A - Process for coating photographic emulsion layers - Google Patents

Process for coating photographic emulsion layers Download PDF

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US3607345A
US3607345A US724540A US3607345DA US3607345A US 3607345 A US3607345 A US 3607345A US 724540 A US724540 A US 724540A US 3607345D A US3607345D A US 3607345DA US 3607345 A US3607345 A US 3607345A
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corona
coated
layers
emulsion
activated
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Donald B Thomas
Richard W Wheeler
Donald N Miller
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/91—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by subbing layers or subbing means
    • G03C1/915—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by subbing layers or subbing means using mechanical or physical means therefor, e.g. corona
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/775—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of paper
    • G03C1/79—Macromolecular coatings or impregnations therefor, e.g. varnishes

Definitions

  • Photographic emulsions have been coated on transparent film base or reflective film or paper surfaces for preparation of black-and-white or color images for projection or Viewing against the reflective surface for many years.
  • a waterproof paper support to prevent processing solutions and wash water from penetrating the paper and thus to decrease the washing and drying time of the processed paper prints.
  • Paper coated with organic solvent solutions of synthetic polymers is useful for this purpose but is fairly costly among other disadvantages.
  • synthetic polymers such as the polyolefms and linear polyesters have been found to he very useful for waterproofing photographic paper and are readily coated upon paper without use of organic solvents, using relatively cheap polymer extrusion methods.
  • the hydrophilic photographic emulsions especially gelatin-silver halide emulsions, will not adhere unless the polymer surface has been subbed using a composition usually containing a polymer which will adhere to the polymeric paper surface and to which the photographic emulsion layer will in turn adhere.
  • a composition usually containing a polymer which will adhere to the polymeric paper surface and to which the photographic emulsion layer will in turn adhere More recently, it has been found that if polymeric surfaces are activated by a strong corona discharge, the photographic emulsions and similar organic colloid layers can be coated with good adherence onto the corona activated polymer surface.
  • This method of adhering the photographic emulsions to the polymer surface material ly reduces the cost of manufacture of the waterproof, photographic paper but has several serious disadvantages. That is, when the surface of polymer films, and paper coated with the polymers such as polyethylene, is activated with corona discharge and then immediately coated inline with either a single emulsion layer for black-and-white photography, or with a plurality of differently sensitized color emulsions for color photography, the emulsions are adversely affected. While the adhesion of the emulsions to the activated polymer surface is good, when the corona activation of the polymer surface is followed immediately by the coating of an emulsion layer, this layer is partially fogged.
  • emulsions for color photography wherein several emulsions are coated on the freshly corona activated polymer surface, the emulsions are affected by the activated surface in a manner such that an emulsion layer (usually the first coated emulsion in direct contact with the support) may be partially fogged, and another emulsion layer (usually the second coated emulsion) may contain coating irregularities such as a mottled pattern.
  • mottle or mottled pattern as used herein describe a defect readily observed when a silver halide emulsion layer containing a coupler compound is given a uniform exposure to light, color developed to provide a dye image, and the dye image, which should have even dye density throughout, instead exhibits marks which are areas having distinctly higher dye density than that of the remaining areas of the dye image.
  • the areas having the higher dye density exhibit greater density than would be expected or predicted from the photographic speed of the particular system.
  • Mottle is also frequently accompanied by a lower speed than would be predicted in areas outside the marks.
  • the invention al' lows as many as six photographic layers for subtractive color photography to be coated simultaneously onto the corona activated polymer surfaces with good uniformity of coating.
  • the emulsions do not show fog usually obtained by coating the emulsions on the freshly corona activated polymer surfaces.
  • FIG. ll shows in greatly enlarged cross-sectional view the appearance of a representative multilayer photographic element being prepared by the process of the invention as described in Example 3 below.
  • the element including paper support 10, polymer layers Ill and 18 and antistatic layer 19 is corona activated at the surface of layer 11 and after suitable delay, eg 24 hours later, is coated with the emulsion, interlayer and protective layers 12 l7 separately or simultaneously in the manner shown in FIG. 2 and FlG. 3.
  • FIG. 2 shows in diagrammatic form one method (using a dual coating hopper) wherein the polymer coated paper is activated with corona discharge, and after a suitable delay, simultaneously coating two hydrophilic organic colloid layers such as a gelatin emulsion layer 12 (the: emulsion layer tending to become fogged by the activated polymer surface) and gelatin interlayer 13, upon the corona activated polymer surface of the polymer coated paper in production of the photographic element shown in FIG. 1.
  • the pairs of layers 14 and 15 layer 14 tending to show mottle in response to the corona activated surface
  • layers 16 and 17 are separately or simultaneously coated on layer 13.
  • the process of the invention allows all layers l2-l7 to be coated simultaneously upon the corona activated polymer surface (after suitable delay) using a multiple coating hopper as shown in FIG. 3.
  • a multiple coating hopper as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the construction and operation of this type of hopper is described in greater detail in U.S. Pat. 2,671,791.
  • the corona activated polymer surfaces tend to fog a light-sensitive layer coated immediately thereon, and in the case of multilayer coatings for subtractive color photography, the second emulsion layer commonly exhibits coating irregularities such as mottle.
  • the invention by delaying the emulsion coating of the activated polymer surface longer than about 30 minutes, these defects are avoided.
  • emulsion coating should not be delayed too long or a substantial decrease in adhesion of the emulsion layers to the activated polymer surface is obtained.
  • typical gelatin-silver halide emulsions containing color-forming couplers adhere satisfactorily to samples of a corona activated polyethylene surface which have been aged about 30 minutes to 36 hours.
  • the photographic elements which are activated with corona as described above include films or surfaces of various polymers, including hydrophobic addition and condensation polymers which can be corona activated to effect adhesion of hydrophilic polymer materials such as gelatin.
  • These polymers include polyolefms such as polyethylenes and polypropylenes and ethylene-propylene copolymers, polystyrene, polybutenes, polypentenes, polyacrylic acid esters, linear polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalates, polycarbonates, polyamides such as nylon, cellulose esters, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene chloride and other copolymers of the indicated monomers such as ethylene-vinylacetate copolymers. Paper coated with the polymers is especially useful.
  • Antistatic material particularly useful in the external layer 19 is a mixture of a (l) colloid such as hydroxymethyl cellulose, (2) colloidal silica and (3) either an alkali metal salt of 2,5-naphthalene disulfonic acid, an alkali metal salt of a lower alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid, an alkali metal salt of the condensation product of formaldehyde and 2,5- naphthalene disulfonic acid, an alkali metal salt of an alkyl aryl polyether sulfonate or an alkali metal salt of polymeric carboxylic acid.
  • a (l) colloid such as hydroxymethyl cellulose
  • colloidal silica and (3) either an alkali metal salt of 2,5-naphthalene disulfonic acid, an alkali metal salt of a lower alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid, an alkali metal salt of the condensation product of formaldehyde and 2,5- naphthalene
  • the compound p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenoxyethoxyethyl sodium sulfonate is especially useful.
  • Carbon black can also be used in the polymer layers.
  • the antistatic layers are described in more detail in Miller et al., U.S. Pat. application Serial No. 594,226 filed Nov. 14, 1966.
  • An internal antistatic material can be incorporated into the polymer support, into the paper or on the surface of paper which is coated with the above polymeric materials or into the polymer layers on the paper.
  • Antistatic materials especially useful for this purpose include salts such as sodium sulfate and the like salts of organic compounds, such as the alkali metal and ammonium salts of the condensation products of an aldehyde such as formaldehyde with naphthalene sulfonic acids, organic antistatic agents, such as triethanolamine oleate, triethanolamine stearate, and various polyalkylene polyamine derivatives.
  • organic antistatic agents such as triethanolamine oleate, triethanolamine stearate
  • Oxyalkylene amine derivatives of phosphorous, polyacryloxyalkyl trialkyl ammonium alkylsulfate salts, diethanol amine salts of phosphate esters, carbon black and the like may also be used.
  • the photographic layers which are coated upon the corona activated polymer surfaces in the manner described above include organic colloid layers such as gelatin interlayers, gelatin filter layers and differently sensitized gelatin-silver halide emulsion layers, etc. as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the silver halide can be, e.g. silver bromide, silver iodide, silver chloride or mixed crystals of these silver halides, e.g. silver chlorobromide.
  • the hydrophilic organic colloid of these layers is preferably gelatin but it may be replaced wholly or in part by known gelatin derivatives, water-soluble polymers such as partially hydrolyzed cellulose acetate, cellulose methyl ether, polyvinyl alcohol, hydrolyzed vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl acetalvinyl alcohol copolymers, alkylacrylate-acrylic acid copolymers, etc.
  • the color emulsion layers coated on the corona activated polymer surfaces are preferably the incorporated coupler gelatin-silver halide emulsion layers well known in the art. These emulsions contain colored or colorless nondiffusing cyan, magenta and yellow dye-forming coupler compounds, reactive with the oxidation products of p-phenylenediamine silver halide developing agents to form dyes.
  • Representative elements for color photography comprise superposed on the corona activated surfaced, red, green and blue light-sensitive gelatin-silver halide emulsion layers containing respectively, a cyan-forming coupler (e.g. a phenolic compound), a magenta-forming coupler (e.g. a S-pyrazolone compound) and a yellow-forming coupler (e.g. an open chain ketomethylene compound) which are reactive with the pphenylenediamine silver halide color developing agents to form dyes.
  • a cyan-forming coupler e.g. a phenolic compound
  • magenta-forming coupler e.g. a S-pyrazolone compound
  • a yellow-forming coupler e.g. an open chain ketomethylene compound
  • Suitable nondiffusing couplers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,407,293, 2,640,776, 2,600,788, 2,801 ,171, 2,875,057 and 2,956,876.
  • the couplers can be incorporated into the emulsion layers in accordance with well-known procedures, e.g. using coupler solvents as described in U.S. Pats. 2,304,939, 2,322,027, 2,801,170, 2,801,171 and 2,949,360.
  • coupler compound or color-form ing coupler compound refer to well-known compounds such as disclosed by the above patents which react with the p-phenylenediamine color developing agents to form dyes in the development of silver halide emulsion layers.
  • the elements of the invention prepared as described by delayed coating of the incorporated coupler emulsion layers on the corona activated polymeric surfaces can be exposed to color negatives and processed directly to color positives using the solutions and process disclosed at columns 5 and 6 of Van- Campen U.S. Pat. 2,956,879.
  • a conventional color developer solution containing a primary aromatic amino silver halide developing agent is used and the silver images obtained are bleached and removed along with the residual silver halide leaving the subtractively colored dye images in the layers.
  • multilayer color elements can also be processed by reversal to color positives.
  • the element is exposed, for example to a subtractive color transparency, and as usual, developed with a black-and-white developer solution (a socalled MQ developer), the residual silver halide is then rendered developable by fogging with light or using chemical fogging and a p-phenylenediamine type of color developing solution is used to form the positive dye images in the layers.
  • Silver and residual silver halide are removed by known methods leaving the dye images in the layers. In this process a small amount of fog in a layer due to the corona activated surfaces is not as objectionable since it only causes less of density in the shoulder region of the yellow color scales.
  • the corona discharge applied to the polymer surfaces is supplied by well-known power sources.
  • the spark gap type power source for the corona has current supplied to the electrodes by a spark gap excited oscillator in a well-known manner. Variation in fundamental frequency of the corona is obtained by changing the primary power frequency of the oscillator.
  • a high voltage corona is desirable, e.g. 25,000 to 50,000 volts or higher, to obtain adequate adhesion of the emulsion layer to the corona activated surface. Voltages of this range are adequate for corona activation of polymers at web speeds of about to 1,000 feet per minute or higher. Voltage is varied by spacing the spark gaps and by varying the primary voltage to the oscillator.
  • Continuous wave corona is advantageously used for activat' ing the polymer surfaces prior to coating the emulsions.
  • Continuous wave corona is obtained by using as the power source a motor-generator set whereby a sinesoidal waveform generator with a fixed number of poles is driven by a variable speed motor, giving a variable frequency sine wave output.
  • Variation in frequency of the continuous wave corona of from about 1,000 to 10,000 or higher cycles per second is obtained by varying the speed of the driving motor.
  • Voltage of the continuous wave corona which is stepped up in value by a multitap transformer and varied by field control can vary from about 5,000 volts to 30,000 volts or higher at web speeds of about 100 to 1,000 f.p.m.
  • the corona discharge can be regulated as described in the Ambusk, U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 724,491, filed Apr. 26, 1968. That is, the current frequency for the corona can be selected so that the ribbon of silver halide emulsion or other photographic layer being coated on the activated polymer surface does not appreciably respond to the pattern of the static charge on the activated polymer surface and coating irregularities are avoided. Thus, if a 60 Hz. corona is used and the emulsions coated at about 125 f.p.m., an objectionable nonuniform emulsion coating may be obtained. When corona of current frequency beyond about 200 Hz.
  • the emulsions usually can be coated at at least 125 f.p.m. without obtaining coating defects.
  • corona current frequencies in the range of 200 Hz. to 10,000 Hz. or higher are very useful since emulsion coating speeds of 1,000 f.p.m. and higher can be used to obtain uniform emulsion coatings as shown by the above Ambusk invention.
  • the corona can be applied to the polymeric surface, for example, by means of several metal electrodes positioned close to the polymeric surface at a point where the polymeric sur face is passing over a grounded metal roll coated with a dielectric metal such as a linear polyester.
  • a metal roller may be used to support the web with the other electrode array being in planatary disposition equidistant from the surface of the metal roller and each being coated with a dielectric, at least on the surface nearest the metal roller.
  • the spacing of the electrodes to the polymer surface and ground roll should be adequate to produce the corona at the voltage used and yet allow for free passage of polymeric sheet through the activating zone.
  • Corona supplied by DC current, or a combination of AC superimposed on DC can be used. However, there appears to be no advantage in using DC corona and, in fact, AC is preferred since the continuous wave AC corona requires much less power and is, thus, considerably cheaper to use.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A photographic paper stock is provided sized with gelatin and aluminum stearate and extrusion coated on each side with about 8 lbs. polyethylene/1,000 sq. ft.
  • One polyethylene surface is activated at 125 f.p.m. by a 400 L 11112. corona discharge at about 50,000 volts supplied by a spark gap type AC high frequency generator.
  • Apparatus used is as described above and includes a series of electrodes positioned close to the polyethylene surface and connected to the generator.
  • a dual hopper such as shown in FIG. 2 is used to coat the blue sensitive gelatin-silver bromoiodide emulsion layer 12 and gelatin interlayer 113 simultaneously onto the freshly activated polyethylene surface at about 125 f.p.m.
  • layers 12, 1141 and 16 are gelatin-silver chlorobromoiodide emulsion layers adapted to reversal color processing and primarily sensitive, respectively, to blue, green and red light and containing, respectively, nondiffusing yellow, magenta and cyan-forming couplers.
  • Layers 113, 115 and 117 are gelatin layers. The element appears as shown in FIG. 1. The resulting element is exposed to a color original and processed by known reversal color development methods described above to form dye images in the emulsion layers. As a result, the emulsion layers appear to have been uniformly coated and the dye images have satisfactory density and contrast. Adhesion of the emulsion layers to the corona activated polyethylene surface is also good.
  • EXAMPLE 2 PROCESS A A photographic element is prepared as in Example 1 having coupler-containing gelatin-silver halide emulsion layers of the type described in Example 2 of VanCampen U.S. Pat. 2,956,879 adapted to development directly to negative dye images (positive images with respect to a color negative used for exposing the layers), except more than 30 minutes after 400 Hz. corona activation of the polyethylene surface all layers 12 to 17 are coated simultaneously as shown in FIG. 3 using a multiple coating slide hopper.
  • U.S. Pat. 2,761,791 gives detail of the construction and operation of the hopper.
  • solutions for layers 12, 13, M, 115, 16 and 17 are extruded onto the slide surfaces of the hopper and in superposed relation are coated simultaneously onto the corona activated polyethylene surface.
  • the resulting element having the struc ture shown in FIG. 1 is exposed to a color negative and color developed directly to produce positive subtractive colored dye images in the layers.
  • emulsion layer 12 has low fog and emulsion layer 141 does not show significant mottle.
  • the dye images have good density and contrast.
  • the adhesion of the layers to the activated polyethylene surface is also good.
  • Example 3 The process of Example 2 is carried out except the paper support, before polyethylene coating, was sized with a gelatin solution of sodium sulfate to provide an internal antistat, and an external antistat layer is coated from an aqueous dispersion of hydroxyethyl cellulose 1.3 lbs.), colloidal silica (30%, lbs.) and the compound p-( 1,1,3,3,-tetramethylbutyl) phenoxyethoxyethyl sodium sulfonate (12 lbs.) on the wire side of the polyethylene coated paper, the polyethylene preferably having been first activated with corona discharge to improve adhesion of the antistat layer.
  • the blue sensitive emulsion layer 12 has low fog and the green sensitive emulsion layer M has good speed and contains no mottle. Emulsion adhesion to the polyethylene surface is good.
  • Photographic paper is extrusion coated on each surface with about 8 lbs./ 1,000 sq. ft. of polyethylene terephthalate.
  • Corona activation of one polyethylene terephthalate surface with 400 Hz. corona as in Example 2 followed about 24 hours later by the coating of layers 12-17 as described in Example 2 can be expected to give an acceptable level of fog in layer 12, and low mottle in layer 14.
  • the corona activated polyethylene terephthalate surface is immediately coated with layers 12-17, undesirable fog can be expected in layer 12 and mottle in layer 14.
  • Example 5 The process of Example 2 is carried out except opaque pigmented polyethylene sheeting is used in place of the polyethylene coated paper. As a result of the delayed emulsion coating of the activated polyethylene surface, emulsion fog and mottle can be expected to be acceptable. The adhesion of the emulsion layers is also good.
  • EXAMPLE 6 A medium speed gelatin-silver bromoiodide emulsion is coated at 125 f.p.m. upon a polyethylene coated paper such as described in Example 3 just after 400 Hz. corona activation of the polyethylene surface at 125 f.p.m. After exposure and development in a hydroquinone type developer objectionable fog is found in the emulsion layer.
  • the emulsion layer When the emulsion layer is coated more than 30 minutes after activation of the polyethylene surface, the emulsion layer has a low level of fog.
  • the other polymer films and polymer coated papers such as polypropylene coated paper, are corona activated and subjected to delayed emulsion coating of the activated polymer surfaces, to reduce the tendency for emulsion fog and mottle to develop.
  • corona activated and activating corona discharge, etc. means that the polymeric surface is treated with the corona discharge under the conditions and with the apparatus described above such that adequate adhesion of the photographic layer to the polymeric surface is obtained.
  • Adhesion of hydrophilic layers to the activated polymer surface can be determined before coating the layer by measuring the contact angle of the activated surface. Contact angle in degrees is a measure of the layer adhesion to the activated polymer surface.
  • the corona activated surface has a contact angle of less than about 76, for example 40 to 75, dry and wet adhesion of hydrophilic layers such as gelatin layers is usually adequate.
  • an angle less than about 54 is desirable.
  • Contact angle is the angle of contact of a drop of distilled water placed on a level surface of the activated polymer layer.
  • the contact angle is obtained by projecting the image of the drop onto a suitable screen using a contour pro- 5 jector and measuring the angle of a line tangent to the drop image at the point the edge ofthe drop touches the sample.
  • a process for preparing a photographic element wherein a polymeric surface of a support is activated with corona discharge to effect adhesion of differently sensitized photographic silver halide emulsion layers to the polymer surface, the improvement for obtaining greater uniformity of coating and stability of the emulsion layers, comprising activating the polymeric surface with a corona discharge producing a surface tending to fog a silver halide emulsion layer immediately coated thereon, and at least about 30 minutes later but before the adhesive property of the polymeric surface has substantially decreased, coating at least one of the emulsion layers on the activated polymeric surface.
  • polymeric surface on at least one surface of the paper is polyethylene, polypropylene, an ethylene copolymer or a linear polyester.

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US724540A 1958-04-26 1968-04-26 Process for coating photographic emulsion layers Expired - Lifetime US3607345A (en)

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Cited By (24)

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US3928678A (en) * 1973-01-26 1975-12-23 Eastman Kodak Co Method and apparatus for coating a substrate
US3928679A (en) * 1973-01-26 1975-12-23 Eastman Kodak Co Method and apparatus for coating a multiple number of layers onto a substrate
US3988157A (en) * 1972-07-17 1976-10-26 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Process for adhering hydrophilic layers to dimensionally stable polyester films
DE2844541A1 (de) * 1977-10-13 1979-04-19 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd Fotografisches material
US4267202A (en) * 1978-06-09 1981-05-12 Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. Method for modifying the surface properties of polymer substrates
US4311774A (en) * 1980-03-19 1982-01-19 Polaroid Corporation Irradiation treatment of polymeric photographic film supports
US4372986A (en) * 1979-07-09 1983-02-08 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. Ltd. Polyvinyl alcohol-clad shaped article of vinyl chloride resin
US4374924A (en) * 1978-10-24 1983-02-22 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Antistatic silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
US4399214A (en) * 1977-12-30 1983-08-16 Agfa-Gevaert Aktiengesellschaft Process for hardening color photographic silver halide emulsion layers
US4547445A (en) * 1982-04-21 1985-10-15 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Photographic material
US4562145A (en) * 1979-04-20 1985-12-31 The Wiggins Teape Group Limited Photographic base papers
US4649097A (en) * 1982-05-31 1987-03-10 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd. Corona discharge apparatus and method for corona discharge treatment
US4705746A (en) * 1983-10-04 1987-11-10 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Photographic polyolefin coated paper
US5061610A (en) * 1990-10-22 1991-10-29 Eastman Kodak Company Reduction of optical brightener migration in polyolefin coated paper bases
US5425980A (en) * 1994-02-22 1995-06-20 Eastman Kodak Company Use of glow discharge treatment to promote adhesion of aqueous coats to substrate
US5432043A (en) * 1993-02-19 1995-07-11 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Product of diffusion transfer photography with polyester coated support
EP0699954A2 (en) 1994-09-01 1996-03-06 Eastman Kodak Company Near atmospheric pressure treatment of polymers using helium discharges
US5618659A (en) * 1995-03-01 1997-04-08 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic element containing a nitrogen glow-discharge treated polyester substrate
EP0790525A2 (en) 1996-02-13 1997-08-20 Eastman Kodak Company Atmospheric pressure glow discharge treatment of polymeric supports to promote adhesion for photographic applications
US5728430A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-03-17 Avery Dennison Corporation Method for multilayer coating using pressure gradient regulation
US5789145A (en) * 1996-07-23 1998-08-04 Eastman Kodak Company Atmospheric pressure glow discharge treatment of base material for photographic applications
EP1050779A1 (en) * 1999-05-06 2000-11-08 Eastman Kodak Company Antistatic backing for photographic paper
US6824828B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2004-11-30 Avery Dennison Corporation Method for forming multilayer release liners
EP2697033A2 (de) * 2011-04-12 2014-02-19 RWR Patentverwaltung GbR Vorrichtung, koextrusionsdüse und verfahren zum auftragen und/oder herstellen eines flächigen materialverbunds sowie flächiger materialverbund

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US3266895A (en) * 1963-11-14 1966-08-16 Eastman Kodak Co Method for processing multilayer color film
US3411908A (en) * 1964-03-10 1968-11-19 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic paper base
US3411910A (en) * 1964-11-13 1968-11-19 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic elements containing a hardened gelating layer

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US3222176A (en) * 1960-10-04 1965-12-07 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Photographic colour images from amino substituted phenols
US3117865A (en) * 1961-05-04 1964-01-14 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic paper treated with electron bombarded chromic complexes
US3266895A (en) * 1963-11-14 1966-08-16 Eastman Kodak Co Method for processing multilayer color film
US3411908A (en) * 1964-03-10 1968-11-19 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic paper base
US3411910A (en) * 1964-11-13 1968-11-19 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic elements containing a hardened gelating layer
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Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3988157A (en) * 1972-07-17 1976-10-26 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Process for adhering hydrophilic layers to dimensionally stable polyester films
US3928678A (en) * 1973-01-26 1975-12-23 Eastman Kodak Co Method and apparatus for coating a substrate
US3928679A (en) * 1973-01-26 1975-12-23 Eastman Kodak Co Method and apparatus for coating a multiple number of layers onto a substrate
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1259506A (ko) 1972-01-05
DE1921641A1 (de) 1969-11-27
CA959452A (en) 1974-12-17
FR2007027A1 (ko) 1970-01-02
BE732156A (ko) 1969-10-27

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