US3604769A - Temperature-controlled spindle for centrifuges and similar apparatus - Google Patents
Temperature-controlled spindle for centrifuges and similar apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3604769A US3604769A US761663A US3604769DA US3604769A US 3604769 A US3604769 A US 3604769A US 761663 A US761663 A US 761663A US 3604769D A US3604769D A US 3604769DA US 3604769 A US3604769 A US 3604769A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- spindle
- accordance
- temperature
- tubing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 15
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- 230000020347 spindle assembly Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006285 cell suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 e.g. Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B9/00—Drives specially designed for centrifuges; Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing; Suspending or balancing rotary bowls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B15/00—Other accessories for centrifuges
- B04B15/02—Other accessories for centrifuges for cooling, heating, or heat insulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B9/00—Drives specially designed for centrifuges; Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing; Suspending or balancing rotary bowls
- B04B9/12—Suspending rotary bowls ; Bearings; Packings for bearings
Definitions
- This invention relates to a centrifuge spindle assembly capable of operating continuously at relatively high speeds while remaining at essentially ambient temperature.
- Apparatus such as centrifuges normally generate frictional heat at the spindle bearings and unless special measures are taken this heat will be transferred to the material being centrifuged.
- the transfer of such heat to the blood may inflict irreparable damage to the blood constituents.
- damage is customarily prevented or minimized by enclosing the centrifuge in a mechanically refrigerated chamber with individual temperature control, an arrangement which requires integral refrigerating equipment as well as technical attention to be sure it is operating correctly.
- the apparatus of this invention provides means for maintaining that portion of the spindle adjacent to those rotational parts which contact the liquid being centrifuged at substantially ambient temperature. By circulating ambient air as a fluid to cool an extended heat transfer surface which in turn is in heat transfer relationship with bearing cooling oil, the centrifuge spindle is continuously maintained at substantially the same temperature as its environment.
- the invention accordingly comprises the several steps and the relation of one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others, and the apparatus embodying features of construction, combination of elements and arrangement of parts which are adapted to effect such steps, all as exemplified in the following detailed disclosure, and the scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.
- FIG. 1 is a vertical cross section through the spindle assembly of this invention
- FIG. 2 is a cross section of the oil pump section of the spindle assembly of FIG. 1 taken along line 22 of that figure;
- FIG. 3 is a cross section of the heat transfer fin section of the spindle assembly of FIG. 1 taken along line 3-3 of that figure.
- ball bearings are lubricated with a relatively low-viscosity oil which is centrifugally pumped for rapid circulation over the ball bearing and then over the surface area within the bearing housing.
- the bearing housing is, in turn, thermally bonded to extended heat transfer surfaces which are maintained at substantially constant temperature by continuously contacting ambient air with them.
- An additional feature of the spindle assembly is the incorporation of elastic bearing mounting means to ease the local and frictional heat generated in the bearing due to minor unbalance of the rotating parts.
- the spindle assembly may be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
- the centrifuge spindle 10 preferably having a minimum diameter consistent with practical use, is maintained in alignment by upper bearing means 11 and lower bearing means 12.
- an oil pump 13 Associated with the upper bearing means is an oil pump 13, and with the central portion of the spindle a heat transfer system 14.
- Means for driving the spindle are generally indicated by the numeral 15.
- a portion of the centrifuge chuck which is driven by the spindle is indicated at 16. This chuck is preferably one which is described in my copending application, Ser. No. 761,558 filed Sept. 23, 1968.
- the spindle 10 is encased in a spindle bearing spacer 20.
- the spacer 20 gives way to a rotor 21 having a plurality of oil passage 22 drilled therethrough.
- the rotor 21 has an extended skirt 23 which is slightly inclined downwardly toward the spindle axis.
- An annular ring 24 having an upwardly extending annular sleeve 25 integral with its inner periphery forms an oil chamber 26 with a heavy-walled tubing 27 surrounding substantially the entire length of the spindle.
- the upper bearing means 11 terminates the oil chamber 26.
- a clearance 30 is maintained between the rotating bearing spacer 20 and the stationary annular sleeve 25.
- the inclined skirt 23 serves as a pump rotor which picks up oil collected immediately above ring 24. This oil is pumped by centrifugal force through the oil passages 22 to contact the upper bearing means 11 before flowing downwardly over the inner surface 34 of the heavy-walled tubing through chamber 26 for reentry into oil pump rotor skirt 23.
- the rotating assembly of collar piece 21 and its skirt 23, the dam 24 and the passages defined within chamber 26 make up an oil pump which is of a well-known design.
- Oil is introduced into the pump through a suitable oil line 35 which is also in fluid communication with an oil level gage 36 having a transparent viewing window 37.
- Air vents 38 and 39 serve to maintain ambient air pressure within the spindle housing so that the air pressure over the oil in gage 36 is equal to the air pressure in the spindle housing.
- the upper bearing means 11, comprising the rotating inner spindle bearing 40, ball bearings 41, and the outer stationary bearing ring 42 is constructed in accordance with known bearing art.
- An annular ring 43 formed of an elastomeric material serves as a spindle bearing flexible mount to permit flexible accommodation to any unbalance of the rotating parts and to reduce the load on bearing means 11 which in turn reduces the amount of heat that must be dissipated.
- the heat transfer system 14 is comprised of fins 48 which are attached to or integral with the outer wall of the heavywalled tubing 27.
- the fins provide an extended heat transfer surface and are mounted along their outer top edges in a heavy-walled upper housing 49, throughout their central section in a thin-walled shroud 50 and along their lower outer edges in a lower housing 51.
- the fins 48 positioned between the heavy-walled tubing 27 and the shrouds and housings define a plurality of fluid passages 54 through which a heat exchange fluid, e.g., ambient temperature air, is circulated. Circulation of ambient air in the embodiment illustrated in FIG.
- a fan 60 having blades 61 mounted on a rotating member 62 which in turn is affixed to a pulley 63.
- the pulley is driven by a motor (not shown) through belt 64.
- the ambient air is passed at high velocity in contact with the tin surfaces after entering through a series of ports in upper housing 49, one of these ports being shown at numeral 65.
- the lower bearing means 12 is constructed in accordance with well-known bearing design practice for sealed long-life grease lubrication and is held in place by retainer ring 73.
- key 76 is provided to effect the mechanical connection of the pulley 63 to the spindle.
- a pulley clamp washer 77 and nut 78 complete the assembly.
- the belt and pulley also, of course, drive the spindle as well as the fan.
- a relatively low viscosity oil is introduced into chamber 26.
- the oil is pumped by centrifugal action through oil passages 22 in the rotor 21 to be hurled against the upper bearing means 11 and then to be drained by gravity along the stationary surface 34 of the pump wall.
- the heavy-walled tubing 27, as well as the fins 48, are formed of a metal having high heat conductivity at the temperature at which the bearing is to be maintained. Aluminum is the preferred material.
- the heat which is transferred from the bearing components to the oil making contact with them is in turn transferred to the heavy-walled tubing and then to the fins which are cooled by the ambient air circulated through fluid passages 54.
- the spindle in an apparatus constructed in accordance with this invention experienced less than 3 F. rise above ambient temperature after reaching stable operating conditions. Human blood contained within a centrifuge mounted on the spindle suffered no damage due to heat or change in temperature.
- centrifuge constructed to have the spindle of this invention has marked advantages for use in processing blood in the manner previously described.
- the centrifuge may be operated in a temperature-controlled room while maintaining blood being centrifuged in it at the ambient temperature. ln most situations a battery of several such centrifuges would be operated in one room to provide the desired overall blood processing capacity; and all centrifuges and solutions would be operated at this room temperature.
- the spindle will be operated at essentially room temperature, but it is of course within the scope of this invention to operate within any desired temperature range, the material for the tubing wall and fins, the bearing materials and oil, and the heat transfer fluid being all chosen to obtain the desired results at the predetermined temperature.
- predetermined temperature level comprising in combination a. a rotatable spindle
- upper bearing cooling means comprising a pump adapted to circulate bearing oil in contact with said upper bearing means and then in contact with a portion of the inner wall of said tubing which defines an oil chamber around said Pu p;
- extended heat transfer surface means in heat exchange relationship with said tubing
- the heat flow path comprises said upper bearing means, said bearing oil, said heavy-walled tubing and said extended heat transfer surface means.
- An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 including flexible mounting means associated with said upper bearing means.
- said oil pump comprises:
- a pump rotor having a plurality of oil passages adapted to conduct oil against said upper bearing means
- oil dam means extending between said heavy-walled tubing means and said casing.
- An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 including means for monitoring the oil level in said upper bearing cooling means.
Landscapes
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US76166368A | 1968-09-23 | 1968-09-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3604769A true US3604769A (en) | 1971-09-14 |
Family
ID=25062901
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US761663A Expired - Lifetime US3604769A (en) | 1968-09-23 | 1968-09-23 | Temperature-controlled spindle for centrifuges and similar apparatus |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3604769A (en) |
CA (1) | CA919634A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1943204A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2018629A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1273639A (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4154446A (en) * | 1978-01-30 | 1979-05-15 | E-Systems, Inc. | High temperature rotary joint |
US4342489A (en) * | 1980-10-07 | 1982-08-03 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Bearing lubricating injector |
WO1992011947A1 (en) * | 1991-01-14 | 1992-07-23 | W.D.T. (Engineers) Pty. Ltd. | Centrifuge solids deflector |
WO1998030304A1 (en) * | 1997-01-08 | 1998-07-16 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | A centrifuge apparatus with temperature control means |
US6132598A (en) * | 1997-01-08 | 2000-10-17 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Centrifuge apparatus with temperature control means |
US20010054343A1 (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2001-12-27 | Sasib Labeling Machinery S.P.A. | Cutting roller in a labeling machine with the continuous introduction of a reeled film of labels |
US20090111676A1 (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2009-04-30 | Westfalia Separator Ag | Lubricating system for a centrifuge drive |
US20100075823A1 (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2010-03-25 | Hiroatsu Toi | Centrifuge |
JP2016505352A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2016-02-25 | ジーイーエー メカニカル エクイップメント ゲーエムベーハー | Direct drive separator |
US20180087577A1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2018-03-29 | Alfa Laval Corporate Ab | Cooling or heating of bearings in a centrifugal separator |
US10639648B2 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2020-05-05 | Gea Mechanical Equipment Gmbh | Rolling bearing cooling arrangement using lubricant and cooling air for centrifuges |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202004018743U1 (en) * | 2004-12-04 | 2006-04-13 | Hengst Gmbh & Co.Kg | Centrifuge for purification of liquid e.g. lubricating oil of internal combustion engine has elastic intermediate body between upper end of shaft and cover, whereby shaft of rotor is supported centrally to upper end of cover |
ES2601604T3 (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2017-02-15 | Ferrum Ag | Centrifugal |
SE533276C2 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-08-10 | Alfa Laval Corp Ab | Centrifugal separator with lubrication device |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1992818A (en) * | 1929-04-27 | 1935-02-26 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | High-speed bearing |
US2266107A (en) * | 1938-09-30 | 1941-12-16 | Buensod Stacey Air Conditionin | Centrifugal refrigerating apparatus |
US2386639A (en) * | 1943-01-05 | 1945-10-09 | Jean C Stafford | High-speed grinding spindle |
US2391512A (en) * | 1943-10-21 | 1945-12-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Blower apparatus |
US2836471A (en) * | 1954-07-16 | 1958-05-27 | Us Electrical Motors Inc | System for cooling lubricant |
US3438191A (en) * | 1967-06-05 | 1969-04-15 | Viktor Sergeevich Kuznetsov | Sockets for spindles |
-
1968
- 1968-09-23 US US761663A patent/US3604769A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1969
- 1969-08-05 CA CA058711A patent/CA919634A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-08-25 DE DE19691943204 patent/DE1943204A1/en active Pending
- 1969-09-02 GB GB43475/69A patent/GB1273639A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-09-11 FR FR6931004A patent/FR2018629A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1992818A (en) * | 1929-04-27 | 1935-02-26 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | High-speed bearing |
US2266107A (en) * | 1938-09-30 | 1941-12-16 | Buensod Stacey Air Conditionin | Centrifugal refrigerating apparatus |
US2386639A (en) * | 1943-01-05 | 1945-10-09 | Jean C Stafford | High-speed grinding spindle |
US2391512A (en) * | 1943-10-21 | 1945-12-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Blower apparatus |
US2836471A (en) * | 1954-07-16 | 1958-05-27 | Us Electrical Motors Inc | System for cooling lubricant |
US3438191A (en) * | 1967-06-05 | 1969-04-15 | Viktor Sergeevich Kuznetsov | Sockets for spindles |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4154446A (en) * | 1978-01-30 | 1979-05-15 | E-Systems, Inc. | High temperature rotary joint |
US4342489A (en) * | 1980-10-07 | 1982-08-03 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Bearing lubricating injector |
WO1992011947A1 (en) * | 1991-01-14 | 1992-07-23 | W.D.T. (Engineers) Pty. Ltd. | Centrifuge solids deflector |
WO1998030304A1 (en) * | 1997-01-08 | 1998-07-16 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | A centrifuge apparatus with temperature control means |
US6132598A (en) * | 1997-01-08 | 2000-10-17 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Centrifuge apparatus with temperature control means |
AU741088B2 (en) * | 1997-01-08 | 2001-11-22 | Vivolution A/S | A centrifuge apparatus with temperature control means |
US20010054343A1 (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2001-12-27 | Sasib Labeling Machinery S.P.A. | Cutting roller in a labeling machine with the continuous introduction of a reeled film of labels |
US6658975B2 (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2003-12-09 | Sig Alfa S.P.A. | Cutting roller in a labeling machine with the continuous introduction of a reeled film of labels |
US20090111676A1 (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2009-04-30 | Westfalia Separator Ag | Lubricating system for a centrifuge drive |
US7588526B2 (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2009-09-15 | Westfalia Separator Ag | Lubricating system for a centrifuge drive |
US20100075823A1 (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2010-03-25 | Hiroatsu Toi | Centrifuge |
US8038592B2 (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2011-10-18 | Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. | Centrifuge having face seal |
JP2016505352A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2016-02-25 | ジーイーエー メカニカル エクイップメント ゲーエムベーハー | Direct drive separator |
US9981275B2 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2018-05-29 | Gea Mechanical Equipment Gmbh | Separator with direct drive and coolant system integrated into drive housing |
US10639648B2 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2020-05-05 | Gea Mechanical Equipment Gmbh | Rolling bearing cooling arrangement using lubricant and cooling air for centrifuges |
US20180087577A1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2018-03-29 | Alfa Laval Corporate Ab | Cooling or heating of bearings in a centrifugal separator |
US10514066B2 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2019-12-24 | Alfa Laval Corporate Ab | Cooling or heating of bearings in a centrifugal separator |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA919634A (en) | 1973-01-23 |
DE1943204A1 (en) | 1970-04-16 |
FR2018629A1 (en) | 1970-06-26 |
GB1273639A (en) | 1972-05-10 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AMERICAN HOSPITAL SPPLY CORPORATION, ONE AMERICAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:HAEMONETICS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:004483/0821 Effective date: 19850514 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FLEET NATIONAL BANK, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATIO Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LATHAM LABS, INC., A CORP. OF MA.;REEL/FRAME:004520/0794 Owner name: FLEET CREDIT CORPORATION Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LATHAM LABS, INC., A CORP. OF MA.;REEL/FRAME:004520/0794 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: LATHAM LABS, INC., MASSACHUSETTS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AMERICAN HOSPITAL SUPPLY CORPORATION, A CORP OF IL.;REEL/FRAME:004550/0850 Effective date: 19851120 Owner name: LATHAM LABS, INC., 400 WOOD ROAD, BRAINTREE, MASSA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:AMERICAN HOSPITAL SUPPLY CORPORATION, A CORP OF IL.;REEL/FRAME:004550/0850 Effective date: 19851120 Owner name: HAEMONETICS CORPORATION, MASSACHUSETTS Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:LATHAM LABS, INC. (CHANGED TO);REEL/FRAME:004550/0115 Effective date: 19860423 Owner name: HAEMONETICS CORPORATION Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:LATHAM LABS, INC. (CHANGED TO);REEL/FRAME:004550/0115 Effective date: 19860423 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: HAEMONETICS CORPORATION, A MASSACHUSETTS CORP.,STA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FLEET NATIONAL BANK;REEL/FRAME:004598/0821 Effective date: 19860601 Owner name: HAEMONETICS CORPORATION, A MASSACHUSETTS CORP. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:FLEET NATIONAL BANK;REEL/FRAME:004598/0821 Effective date: 19860601 |