US3604400A - Steam generator and other heated heat transmitters - Google Patents

Steam generator and other heated heat transmitters Download PDF

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Publication number
US3604400A
US3604400A US875857A US3604400DA US3604400A US 3604400 A US3604400 A US 3604400A US 875857 A US875857 A US 875857A US 3604400D A US3604400D A US 3604400DA US 3604400 A US3604400 A US 3604400A
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United States
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
combustion
combination
set forth
flue
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US875857A
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English (en)
Inventor
Harendra Nath Sharan
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Sulzer AG
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Sulzer AG
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Publication date
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in parallel arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for cyclonic combustion

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a steam generator or other heated heat transmitters.
  • steam generators have been known to employ large whirling combustion chambers with radiant-heat surfaces disposed on the walls of the combustion chambers for the combustion of various materials so that a considerable part of the heat of combustion becomes absorbed by the radiant-heat surfaces. in such installations, the resulting waste gases which have been cooled to a relatively great extent have then been conducted to connective or contact-heat surfaces.
  • these large combustion chambers have required much space and, because of the possibility of explosions, have required an extensive and strong supporting structure. As a result, these components have formed expensive parts of the steam generator.
  • combustion chambers have been known such as cyclones and fusion combustion chambers in which coal dust has advantageously been burned in strong whirling currents to achieve increased performance.
  • the outlet of such a cyclone combustion chamber has been contracted so that the larger unburned particles of coal or slag have been retained in the cyclone under centrifugal action while the combustion gases have flared out of the mouth of the cyclone into an adjacent combustion chamber lined with radiant-heat surfaces in which the combustion has then been completed.
  • Combustion chambers having higher performances such as 10" kcaL/cubic meter hour ata. have been know for gas-turbine installations, chiefly for aircraft engines. However, in these installations, the combustion chamber walls have been cooled by a stream of air which has thereafter been added to the burning gas mixture. Further, the high combustion chamber performance has been achieved on the one hand through the use of easily volatilized fuels and on the other hand through a very great excess of combustion air, for example, in the range of from 1.2 to 3. Such combustion chambers, however, would be out of the question in plants in which the steam generator of the invention is to be used.
  • the invention provides a steam generator with a whirling combustion chamber which is capable of performing at more than 10" kcaL/cubic meter/hour ata. and which is connected directly to a combustion gas flue having heating surfaces therein. In addition, any and all radiating combustion chambers are eliminated.
  • the whirling combustion chamber is utilized so that an approximately stochiometric mixture of fuel oil and/or gas with air is burnt therein and the resulting combustion gas is delivered directly to the combustion gas flue to contact the connective heating surfaces therein.
  • the stochiometric combustion which takes place obtains an air excess of about 1.02.
  • FIGURE schematically illustrates a longitudinal sectional view of a forced-through flow steam generator according to the invention.
  • the steam generator has a vertical combustion gas flue l, which is delimited laterally by four walls 2 formed of welded-together vertical tubes. These vertical tubes run from a distributor 3 at the lower inlets which forms a rectangular frame and have their upper outlets connected into an analogous rectangular collector 4. A bottom 5, having an insulation layer 6 thereover closes the bottom of the combustion gas flue 1 while the top of the flue l is connected, through the intermediary of pyramidlike connecting surfaces 7, with a chimney 8.
  • a plurality of horizontal tubular coils 12 forming a convective heating surface and connected in parallel are disposed in the combustion gas flue 1 between two collectors 10, 11 and a plurality of vertical tubular coils 13 connected in parallel and connected to two collectors 14, 15 hang over the horizontal coils 12.
  • the collector 10 is supplied, through a pipe 16, with operating medium at above-critical pressure. This medium flows through the horizontal tubular coils l2, and from the collector 11 by way of a connecting pipe 17 into the distributor 3. After flowing through the vertical wall tubes, the operating medium flows out of the collector 4 through a connecting pipe 18 and into the collector l4, and from there through the tubular coils 13 to the collector 15, out of which the medium becomes conducted, through a line-steam conduit 19 to a steam-consumer.
  • each whirling-combustion chamber 20 has an axis set horizontally and consists of a flame-tube 21 of cylindrical cross section having a ceramic oxide lining, and of a' coaxially disposed burner 22.
  • the mouth of each combustion chamber 20 opens directly into the flue 1, as shown, without interruption from any heating surfaces to deliver the combustion gas directly from the chamber 20 into the flue 1 to flow directly over the tubular coil 12 which constitutes the first heating surface in the flue 1.
  • the mouth of each combustion chamber 20 is of a diameter approximately equal to the largest internal diameter of the chamber 20.
  • Each whirling-combustion chamber 20 is constructed for a combustion chamber performance of more than 10" kcal./cubic meters hour ata.; that is, the actual burner 20 is dimensioned and constructed so that the quantity of heat liberated hourly in the cylindrical flame-tube 21 at atmospheric pressure relative to the internal volume of the cylindrical flametube 2.1, amounts to 10 kcalJcubic meter, as measured from the burner outlet as far as an imaginary plane disposed over the outlet opening.
  • the tube 21 has a length to inner diameter ratio of from 0.5 to 2.0.
  • the whirling-combustion chambers are arranged in the opposite walls 2 on a common axis.
  • the flames flaring out of one combustion chamber 20 extend for the greater part into the opposite combustion chamber thus leading to a higher temperature therein. That is, increased radiation out of the other combustion chambers also increases the temperature in the one concerned.
  • the wall areas subjected to direct flame-radiation becomes reduced.
  • the free space in the combustion-gas flue 1 between the whirling-combustion chamber 20 should not in spite of the flame-radiation acting on the unobstructed parts of the walls, be confused with a radiation-burner chamber, because combustion is still confined within the whirling-combustion chamber 20.
  • each whirling-combustion chamber 20 assumes a temperature at the inner surface practically equal to the temperature of the burning gases. Because of the low heat-conductivity of ceramics, and because of the supplementary insulation, the whirlingcombustion chambers 20 can thus be operated, up to a considerable size, without external cooling. Combustion can thus proceed practically adiabatically, which is quite essential for success.
  • An additional feature for obtaining as high a combustion temperature as possible is to greatly preheat the combustion air. This preheating is in practice limited since it would be a complicated matter to cool the parts of the burner 22 conducting the combustion air by a third medium, for example through the operating medium.
  • the combustion gas flue 1 without giving consideration to the dimensioning of the combustion chamber 20 can be dimensioned in accordance with the requirements for optimum heat transfer in the contact-heat surfaces. In the case of the contractions, noses and so forth, known with conventional boilers, these can thus be eliminated.
  • a further advantage of the invention resides in that the highest heatstressed tubes, because of the uniform heating-up around the whole circumference and the stressless suspension, undergo only moderate heat-stresses. This permits a very high loading of the tubes, and this leads to a diminution of the heating area.
  • said combustion chamber includes a flame tube of a length to inner diameter ratio of from 0.5 to 2.0.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
US875857A 1969-09-26 1969-11-12 Steam generator and other heated heat transmitters Expired - Lifetime US3604400A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1454269A CH513359A (de) 1969-09-26 1969-09-26 Beheizter Wärmeübertrager

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3604400A true US3604400A (en) 1971-09-14

Family

ID=4401681

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US875857A Expired - Lifetime US3604400A (en) 1969-09-26 1969-11-12 Steam generator and other heated heat transmitters

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3604400A (enrdf_load_html_response)
BE (1) BE740509A (enrdf_load_html_response)
CH (1) CH513359A (enrdf_load_html_response)
DE (1) DE1950502A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR2060455A5 (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB1291886A (enrdf_load_html_response)
NL (1) NL6915469A (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3858556A (en) * 1972-11-14 1975-01-07 Vladimir Dmitrievich Terentiev Power and process plant
US4147134A (en) * 1976-11-05 1979-04-03 Interliz Anstalt Boiler having a hot gas generator for burning liquid or gaseous fuels
US4676199A (en) * 1986-04-07 1987-06-30 Rheem Manufacturing Company High efficiency water heater construction
US20150159861A1 (en) * 2012-05-09 2015-06-11 Haldor Topsøe A/S Waste heat boiler with bypass and mixer
WO2019006565A1 (de) * 2017-07-07 2019-01-10 Synhelion Sa Verfahren zum übertragen der in einem gas enthaltenen wärme und wärmetauscher dafür
US12078389B2 (en) 2017-05-10 2024-09-03 Synhelion Sa Method for operating a receiver and receiver for carrying out the method
US12123628B2 (en) 2018-11-08 2024-10-22 Synhelion Sa Method for operating a receiver and receiver for carrying out the method

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1816434A (en) * 1923-11-06 1931-07-28 Fuller Lehigh Co Apparatus for burning fuel
US2564497A (en) * 1947-11-26 1951-08-14 Gen Electric Combustion chamber liner
US2923348A (en) * 1950-10-17 1960-02-02 Reginald P Fraser Fuel combustion apparatus
US2927632A (en) * 1955-02-09 1960-03-08 Fraser Reginald Percy Fuel combustion apparatus and the production of controlled gaseous effluents therefrom
US3033177A (en) * 1956-07-02 1962-05-08 Babcock & Wilcox Co Vapor generating and superheating unit

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1816434A (en) * 1923-11-06 1931-07-28 Fuller Lehigh Co Apparatus for burning fuel
US2564497A (en) * 1947-11-26 1951-08-14 Gen Electric Combustion chamber liner
US2923348A (en) * 1950-10-17 1960-02-02 Reginald P Fraser Fuel combustion apparatus
US2927632A (en) * 1955-02-09 1960-03-08 Fraser Reginald Percy Fuel combustion apparatus and the production of controlled gaseous effluents therefrom
US3033177A (en) * 1956-07-02 1962-05-08 Babcock & Wilcox Co Vapor generating and superheating unit

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3858556A (en) * 1972-11-14 1975-01-07 Vladimir Dmitrievich Terentiev Power and process plant
US4147134A (en) * 1976-11-05 1979-04-03 Interliz Anstalt Boiler having a hot gas generator for burning liquid or gaseous fuels
US4676199A (en) * 1986-04-07 1987-06-30 Rheem Manufacturing Company High efficiency water heater construction
US20150159861A1 (en) * 2012-05-09 2015-06-11 Haldor Topsøe A/S Waste heat boiler with bypass and mixer
TWI593919B (zh) * 2012-05-09 2017-08-01 哈爾德杜薩公司 廢熱鍋爐
US9739474B2 (en) * 2012-05-09 2017-08-22 Haldor Topsoe A/S Waste heat boiler with bypass and mixer
US12078389B2 (en) 2017-05-10 2024-09-03 Synhelion Sa Method for operating a receiver and receiver for carrying out the method
WO2019006565A1 (de) * 2017-07-07 2019-01-10 Synhelion Sa Verfahren zum übertragen der in einem gas enthaltenen wärme und wärmetauscher dafür
CN111033165A (zh) * 2017-07-07 2020-04-17 信赫利恩有限公司 用于传递气体中所含热量的方法以及用于该目的热交换器
US11802715B2 (en) * 2017-07-07 2023-10-31 Synhelion Sa Method for transferring the heat contained in a gas, and heat exchanger for this purpose
AU2018297399B2 (en) * 2017-07-07 2024-02-15 Eni S.P.A. Method for transferring the heat contained in a gas, and heat exchanger for this purpose
US12123628B2 (en) 2018-11-08 2024-10-22 Synhelion Sa Method for operating a receiver and receiver for carrying out the method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2060455A5 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1971-06-18
CH513359A (de) 1971-09-30
NL6915469A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1971-03-30
DE1950502A1 (de) 1971-04-22
GB1291886A (en) 1972-10-04
BE740509A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1970-04-01

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