US3602854A - Flux pump - Google Patents

Flux pump Download PDF

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Publication number
US3602854A
US3602854A US873327A US3602854DA US3602854A US 3602854 A US3602854 A US 3602854A US 873327 A US873327 A US 873327A US 3602854D A US3602854D A US 3602854DA US 3602854 A US3602854 A US 3602854A
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Prior art keywords
superconductive
discs
flux
loop member
magnetic field
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US873327A
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English (en)
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Ushio Kawabe
Toshio Doi
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/005—Methods and means for increasing the stored energy in superconductive coils by increments (flux pumps)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
    • Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
    • Y10S505/879—Magnet or electromagnet

Definitions

  • a fixed loop member having a pair ofsuperconductive loops connected with each other by two lead wires is interposed between adjacent ones of the discs for the linkage of an external magnetic flux with the loops which is imposed vertically on the discs and passing through the slots, and a large capacity superconductive magnet is connected to the lead wires for pumping the flux thereinto.
  • the present invention relates to a rotaryfiux pump and more particularly to aflux pump which is so designed that at- It is well known that a superconductive magnet having a large capacity is used as aDC magnet,for example, for MHD power generation or the like, and a flux pump is normally used for exciting'superconductive magnets'of such large capacity.
  • the flux pump of the type described is so constructed that the energy generated by a small capacity magnet is cumulatively transferred to a large capacity magnet by a suitable switching mechanism, thereby exciting the large capacity magnet.
  • conventional flux pumps unexceptionally had the drawback of being incapable of exciting a lar'gecapacity magnet in a short period of time and if an attempt is made to meet this requirement, the apparatus becomes large in size and hence the heat loss become large.
  • an object of the present invention to provide aflux pump which is capable of exciting a large capacity magnet in a short period of time/more particularly a flux pump which is capable of generating a magnetic field, for instance, of about 50 kg. in a period of seconds.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a flux pump in which, in order to excite a large capacity magnet, the component parts are made of-superconducting materials and used in a superconductive stateby'maintaining them at a low temperature by the use of liquid helium or the like, whereby the heat loss is minimized and the operation efficiency is enhanced.
  • FIG I is a schematic view for explaining the principle upon which the'present invention is based;
  • FlG .'2' is a diagram showing the characteristic curve of the magnetic field H between the discs of FIG. 1, relative to the external magnetic field H;
  • FIG. 3a is a cross-sectional view taken along the line a-a'.
  • FIG. 3b is a perspective view showing the practical construction of an embodiment'of the present invention.
  • FIG. is a schematic view of a superconductive connecting loop and a magnet to be pumped with flux, which are to be interposed betweenthe discs I and 2 shown in FIG. 3b;
  • FIGS. 40 to 4d are views for explaining the operation of the device shown in FIGS. 3a to 30;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view for explaining anotherconstruction according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 6a to 60 are schematic views for explaining the operation of the device shownin FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7a is a cross-sectional'view taken along the line b-b, in FIG. 7b;
  • FIG. -7b is-aperspective view schematically showing another embodiment of the present invention.
  • numerals I and 2 designate discs which are held in parallel relationship to each other by means not shown and which are made of an inhomogeneous hard superconducting material.
  • the inhomogeneous hard superconducting material Nb-Zr-Ti alloys, sintered Nb Sn and Nb (Al Ge may be named for example.
  • the intensity of the magnetic field H in the interspace between the discs remains substantially 0 until the intensity of the external magnetic field H reaches a certain value Hs, and the magnetic field H appears only when theintensity of said external magnetic field H exceeds the value Hs.
  • the interspace between the discs is substantially completely shielded magnetically for the period when the intensity of the externalmagnetic fieldH is smaller than the value Hs.
  • Such value Hs will hereinafter be referred to as the shielding magnetic field.
  • the field H varies along thelines c and d. Namely, in this. case also, a magnetic field H is trapped between the discs I and'2 when H varies along the line c, and a magnetic field H is trapped when H' varies along the line d.
  • H and H and the configuration of the HH curve are variable depending upon the type of the hard superconducting material used, the microstructure (lattice defects, such as dislocation and precipitation) of said material, the geometrical conditions of the parallel discs and cooling conditions.
  • Any superconducting material more or less has a trapped magnetic field H and a'shielding magnetic field H; as shown in FIG. 2, but an inhomogeneous hard superconducting material is particularly suitable for use in the present invention because the values of H and H; are large.
  • the flux is alternated by making use of the magnetic shielding and trapping characteristics of a superconducting material and the resultant alternating flux is pumped.
  • the'invention will be described hereunder with reference to the case of utilizing the magnetic shielding characteristic of the superconducting material.
  • numerals I and 2 designate discs made of an inhomogeneous hard superconducting material consisting of a Nb-Zr-Ti ternary alloy.
  • Numeral 4 designates a rotary shaft on which the discs 1 and 2 are mounted in parallel relationship to each other.
  • the discs 1 and 2 are rotated at a predetermined speed about the axis of said rotary shaft 4, but driving means for said rotary shaft is not shown.
  • a loop member 3 Between the discs 1 and 2' is fixedly mounted a loop member 3.
  • the loop member 3 has two loops 31 and 32 which are made of a superconducting material and connected with each other by lead wires 33 which are also made of superconducting material. Namely, the loops 31 and 32 and the lead wires 33 form one superconductive closed loop. However, as will become apparent as the description proceeds, it is essen tial that the critical magnetic field of the loops 31 and 32 be smaller than that of the discs 1 and 2.
  • the number of the loops 31 and 32 to be connected together may be larger than two.
  • the loop member 3 isarranged in such a manner that the loops 31 and 32 are located at positions between the slots in the discs 1 and 2. Therefore, the flux passing through the slot of the disc 1 links the corresponding loop and then goes out through the slot of the disc 2. In order for major portions of the fluxes, passing through the slots of discs 1 and 2 to link the loops 31 and 32, respectively, it is preferable to reduce the distance between the discs and to make the diameter of the loops slightly larger than the diameter of the slots.
  • Numeral 7 designates a coil for constituting a superconductive magnet of large capacity, and the terminals of said coil and the midpoints of the lead wires 33 are connected with each other by lead wires 6 which are also made of a superconducting material.
  • the system comprising the discs 1 and 2 and the loop member 3 is encircled by an annular superconductive magnet 5 arranged coaxially with the rotary shaft 4.
  • the magnetic field perpendicular to the surface of the discs 1 and 2 is formed by this annular superconductive magnet 5.
  • the assembly of the above-described members 1 to 7 is immersed in liquid helium and maintained in a superconductive state.
  • the cooling device used is not shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b.
  • the device shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b operates in the following manner: First of all, the superconductive magnet 5 is excited to generate a magnetic field perpendicular to the disc surfaces.
  • the intensity of the magnetic field is selected to be on the order of the shielding magnetic field H In this case, about the same magnetic field is present at that portion of the interspace between the discs 1 and 2 where the slots in said respective discs are opposed to each other, but the magnetic field H at the other portion of the interspace between the discs 1 and 2 is substantially as will be apparent from FIG. 2.
  • the flux links the loops 31 and 32 of the loop member 3, fixed between the discs I and 2, alternately and successively pumped into the coil 7 of the large capacity magnet as will be described later.
  • the external magnetic field H to be impressed perpendicularly on the discs 1 and 2 is selected within the range of l-l l-l H it is not completely shielded by the discs 1 and 2, but is shielded to some extent (because H' H). Therefore, a difference also occurs in this case, between the magnetic field at the portion of the interspace between the discs where the slots are opposed to each other, and the other portion of the interspuce.
  • the magnetic field generated by the superconductive magnet is not necessarily smaller than H but may be of a suitable value above H
  • the process of the flux, linking the loops 31 and 32, being pumped into the coil 7 of the large capacity superconductive magnet will be described with reference to FIGS. 40, 4b, 4c and 4d.
  • FIG. 4a shows the state wherein the loop 31 of the superconductive loop member 3 and the keyhole-shaped slot 11 are in register with each other.
  • the loop member 3 is made of a material whose critical magnetic field is smaller than the magnetic field present between the slots, as described previously. Therefore, in the state of FIG. 4a the superconductivity of the loop member 3 is partially broken, with the result that the magnetic flux extending perpendicularly to the sheet of FIG. 4a and passing through the slot 1 1 links the loop 31.
  • the flux linking the loop 31 is bound by the loop and trapped therein.
  • the magnetic flux @trapped within the loop 31 is represented by the formula I
  • -y the magnetic shielding constant of the discs 1 and 2, which in case of FIG. 2, is represented by B C /KC and which, therefore, is a value approximating 0 when the external magnetic field is smaller than H,-
  • the change in the magnetic flux linking the loop 31 is '12 Therefore, the current flowing through the superconductive loop member 3 consisting of 31, 33 and 32 is represented by Lzthe inductance of the loops 31 or 32, the inductance of the lead wires being neglected.
  • the current induced in the loop 31 flows only through the closed circuit of the loop member 3 and does not flow into the large capacity superconductive magnet 7 through the lead wires 6. This is because, although the loop member 3, the lead wires 6 and the magnet 7 are in the superconductive state, there is in fact a slight contact resistance between the lead wires 33 and 6. On the otherhand, such contact resistance does not exist in the closed loop member 3 since the component parts thereof are made of the same material.
  • the discs 1 and 2 were made of sintered Nb Sn.
  • the sintered Nb sn was compressed under a pressure of l ton/cm. and subjected to a heat treatment at I000 C. for
  • the loop member 3 was made of Nbl OZr alloy.
  • the critical magnetic field of the sintered Nb Sn is about 230 kg. and that of the Nb-lOZr alloy is about 40 kg.
  • the coil 7 of the superconductive magnet was made of Nb- 40Zr-lOTi alloy and the lead wires 6 were also made of the same material.
  • the critical magnetic field of this material is 105 kg.
  • the magnetic field generated by the magnet 5 was 50 kg.
  • the diameter of the keyhole-shaped slots formed in the discs 1 and 2 was 0.5 cm.; the inductance L of each of the loops 31 and 32 was lul l; and the inductance of L of the large capacity superconductive magnet coil 7 was 225 mh.
  • the magnetic field in the center of the large capacity superconductive magnet 7 was 50 kg. Namely, a superconductive magnet of large capacity, capable of generating a magnetic field of about the same intensity as that generated by a magnet of small capacity, can be realized by the use of a superconductive magnet of small capacity.
  • the loop member 3 is so constructed that the loops 3] and 32 are connected with each other so as to form a single closed loop as a whole, it is to be understood that these loops may be connected so as to form a closed circuit individually.
  • FIG. 5 An example thereof is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the disc I and the loop member 3 only, but it should be understood that the device is actually constructed in the same way as the one shown in FIGS. 30 and 3b.
  • the superconductive loop member 3 fixed between the discs 1 and 2 comprises superconductive closed circuits 31' and 32 which individually form a closed loop and which are connected with each other by a connecting member 33'.
  • the connecting member 33 and the respective closed circuits 3i and 32' are connected with the large capacity superconductive coil magnet 7 by superconductive lead wires 61, 62 and 63 respectively.
  • FIGS. 6a, 6b and 60 The operation of the device of FIG. 5, constructed as described above, will be explained with reference to FIGS. 6a, 6b and 60.
  • the disc 1 and the loop member 3 are partially shown, it should be understood that the keyhole-shaped slots are formed in the discs 1 and-2 in opposed relation. Further, the positional relation between the slots not shown in the Figures and the superconductive loop member is omitted, as will readily be understood.
  • the slot 13 is located in a position shown in FIG. 6b, but when itis brought to a position opposite to a portion I of the closed loop 31', as shown in FIG. 6c, upon further rotation of the discs, the superconducting property of the loop is lost at said portion 1 and the current flows through the portion II of. the closed loop 31' as indicated by the dotted line. Then, the slot 13 is brought into registration with the closed loop 31f whereupon the portion I quickly returns to the superconductivestate, and the discs and the loop member are placed in the same positional relation as shown in FIG. 6a.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b and FIG. 5 are all those which take advantage of the magnetic shielding property of an inhomogeneous hard superconducting material. However, it is to be noted that similar flux pumps can also be obtained by making use of the magnetic trapping property of the same material.
  • FIGS. 7a to 7c The practical construction of such a device is exemplified in FIGS. 7a to 7c.
  • the discs 1 and 2 are made of an electrically insulating material such as Bakelite for example.
  • Each disc is provided with three circular holes peripherally thereof at an equal angular distance with respect to the axis of rotation, and three magnetic poles I10, and or 210, 220 and 230 (not shown) are fitted in said respective holes, said magnetic poles being made of a superconducting material.
  • the loop member 3 which, as shown in FIG. 70, is composed of the superconductive loops 31 and 32 connected with each other by the lead wires 33 made of superconducting material.
  • the construction of the other portions are the same as in FIGS. 3a and 3b and, therefore, will not be described herein.
  • the portion other than the magnetic poles of the discs I and 2 permits the magnetic flux to permeate therethrough, but the portions of the magnetic poles shield the magnetic field, when the magnetic field'is below H as will be apparent from FIG. 2.
  • the magnetic field of H shown in FIG. 2 is present between the magnetic poles 110 and 210, the magnetic poles 120 and 220, and the magnetic poles 130 and 230, in spite of the external magnetic field being 0.
  • the discs 1 and 2 After having the magnetic field trapped between the opposed magnetic poles in the manner described, the discs 1 and 2 are rotated, whereupon a magnetic field change occurs between the discs, which is exactly the same as in the case when the external magnetic field is imposed on the discs 1 and 2 having the slots therein as shown in FIG. 3. Therefore, the superconductive state of the loops 3] and 32 of the loop member 3 is broken alternately, as described previously, and the flux is pumped into the large capacity superconductive magnet 7 according to formulas (1) to (8).
  • the superconductive state of the loops 31 and 32 of the loop member 3, interposed between the discs 1 and 2, is partially broken alternately by the magnetic field passing through the slots or trapped between the magnetic poles fitted in the discs 1 and 2.
  • the loops 31 and 32 in the devices of H68. 3 and 7 respectively repeat the on-off operations three times in one revolution of the discs 1 and 2.
  • the loops 31 and 32 and the lead wires 33 interconnecting said loops are made of the same material, e.g. of Nb-lOZr alloy, and hence the critical magnetic field is the same at any portion of the loop member.
  • the lead wires 33 do not perform the on-off operation and must always be maintained in the superconductive state. Therefore, it is preferable that the critical magnetic field of the portions of the loop member 3 which link the magnetic field (that is, the loops 31 and 32) is small to assure the on-off operation, and that of the lead wires 33 is large so that the superconductive state thereof may not be broken by the leading magnetic field.
  • the superconductive loop member 3 may be constructed as shown in FIG. 8.
  • the loops 31 and 32 and the lead wires 33 interconnecting said loops are produced in a shape as shown in FIG. 8, using Nb-lOZi alloy (the critical magnetic field being 40 kg.) or Nb-3Zi for example.
  • the loop member After cleaning the surface of the loop member with an acid, the loop member is immersed in molten Sn or Ga, with the loops 31 and 32 being partially masked, whereby a Sn or layer or Ga layer is formed on the lead wire portions in a uniform thickness. Thereafter, the loop member is heated at 900l200 C.
  • the critical magnetic field of the Nb sn layer is about 230 kg., which is considerably greater than the critical magnetic field of Nb-lOZi or Nb-3Zi alloy.
  • FIG. 9 shows the value of the critical current of Nb-lOZi alloy (the curve B) and that of Nb Sn compound (the curve A), relative to the magnitude of the magnetic field.
  • the critical current of the Nb-lOZi alloy declines rapidly and that of the Nb Sn compound declines slowly, as the magnetic field is intensified. It will, therefore, be seen that the superconductive state of the Nb-lOZi is easily broken and that of the Nb Sn is hardly broken, under a magnetic field which is larger than the magnetic field H,,,, at the intersection of curves A and B. Namely, the loop member satisfies the aforesaid requirements.
  • Such loop member may also be produced by the following method: Namely, a bare loop member is made of the Nb-base alloy and after partially masking the loops 31 and 32 with a polymer, the Sn layer or Ga layer is formed on the unmasked portion by plating or vacuum evaporation. Then, the loop member is heated at 900l200 C. to form the compound layer on the surface of the Nb-base alloy.
  • the loops 31 and 32 of the loop member produced perform a reliable on-off operation and the connecting lead wires 33 thereof maintain their superconductive state regardless of the rotation of the discs.
  • a flux pump comprising at least two discs each made of a superconducting material and having slots formed therein at optional positions in such a manner that a slot in one disc is opposed by a slot in the other disc and each slot is communicating with the outside of the disc through a breakage formed in said disc,
  • a flux pump comprising at least two discs eachmade of a superconducting material and having a plurality of keyhole-shaped slots formed therein at an equal angular distance with respect to the axis of the disc in such a manner that a slot in one disc is opposed by a slot in the other disc,
  • a flux pump comprising at least two discs each made of an electrically insulating material and having holes formed therein at optional positions in such a manner that a hole in one disc is opposed by a hole in the other disc,

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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US873327A 1968-11-04 1969-11-03 Flux pump Expired - Lifetime US3602854A (en)

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JP7996868 1968-11-04
JP8185468 1968-11-11
JP3361969 1969-05-02

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4901047A (en) * 1989-02-06 1990-02-13 Astronautics Corporation Of America Magnetic field transfer device and method
WO2007045929A2 (en) * 2005-10-21 2007-04-26 Magnify Limited Superconducting systems
US20090082208A1 (en) * 2007-09-21 2009-03-26 Andrew Abolafia Superconducting generator
US20160380526A1 (en) * 2015-02-25 2016-12-29 The Boeing Company Apparatus and method for in-situ charging of superconductors
US9810755B2 (en) 2013-12-16 2017-11-07 General Electric Company System and method for energizing a superconducting magnet

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4901047A (en) * 1989-02-06 1990-02-13 Astronautics Corporation Of America Magnetic field transfer device and method
WO1990009095A2 (en) * 1989-02-06 1990-08-23 Astronautics Corporation Of America Magnetic field transfer device and method
WO1990009095A3 (en) * 1989-02-06 1990-11-01 Astronics Corp Magnetic field transfer device and method
WO2007045929A2 (en) * 2005-10-21 2007-04-26 Magnify Limited Superconducting systems
WO2007045929A3 (en) * 2005-10-21 2007-09-07 Timothy Arthur Coombs Superconducting systems
US20080252404A1 (en) * 2005-10-21 2008-10-16 Timothy Arthur Coombs Superconducting Systems
US8252726B2 (en) 2005-10-21 2012-08-28 Magnifye Limited Method for changing magnetisation of a superconductor
US20090082208A1 (en) * 2007-09-21 2009-03-26 Andrew Abolafia Superconducting generator
US7983726B2 (en) 2007-09-21 2011-07-19 Andrew Abolafia Superconducting generator
US9810755B2 (en) 2013-12-16 2017-11-07 General Electric Company System and method for energizing a superconducting magnet
US20160380526A1 (en) * 2015-02-25 2016-12-29 The Boeing Company Apparatus and method for in-situ charging of superconductors
US10084366B2 (en) * 2015-02-25 2018-09-25 The Boeing Company Apparatus and method for in-situ charging of superconductors

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