US3602350A - Selective rotational control for such mechanisms as turnstiles - Google Patents

Selective rotational control for such mechanisms as turnstiles Download PDF

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Publication number
US3602350A
US3602350A US868109A US3602350DA US3602350A US 3602350 A US3602350 A US 3602350A US 868109 A US868109 A US 868109A US 3602350D A US3602350D A US 3602350DA US 3602350 A US3602350 A US 3602350A
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United States
Prior art keywords
shaft
pawl
rotation
camlike
formation
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Expired - Lifetime
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US868109A
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English (en)
Inventor
Terence John Collins
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Tiltman Langley Ltd
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Tiltman Langley Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F17/00—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services
    • G07F17/14—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services for fastenings for doors; for turnstiles
    • G07F17/145—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services for fastenings for doors; for turnstiles for revolving doors or turnstiles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S194/00—Check-actuated control mechanisms
    • Y10S194/903—Check-controlled turnstile

Definitions

  • a mechanism for the selective control of the rotation or part-rotation of a shaft such as is used in turnstiles.
  • the shaft has a cam engaged by a first pawl so as to be locked against rotation in one direction whilst being free to rotate in the other direction.
  • the pawl is moved so as to unlock the shaft by manual or solenoid operation, the latter being energized by .a coin-freed mechanism.
  • a second pawl cooperates with a series of notches and gaps in a circular member mounted on the shaft so as to allow the shaft to rotate in either direction from a locked position but so as to prevent reversal once rotation has started.
  • This invention relates to an improved mechanism for the selective control of the rotation or part-rotation of a shaft, hub or similar device of a mechanism forming part of a tumstile, pay-gate, or like intermittently operating means of access, for example for controlling the passage of individual people entering or leaving a public service vehicle, place of entertainment, or other place whereat like problems arise.
  • the shaft should be rigidly locked against at least one sense of rotation and that on the performance of an operation such as the insertion of a coin or the movement of an electric switch the shaft should be permitted to turn through a given angle and then become rigidly locked once more in respect of that sense of direction.
  • This cycle can be repeated over and over again, the shaft turning in a chosen direction which may be controllably reversible.
  • the shaft should be allowed to freewheel in the sense of direction opposite to that against which it locks.
  • the shaft in the absence of anyexternal force, should automatically come to rest in a rigidly locked position corresponding to one operation (for example the passage of one person). It is also usual that a count be kept of the total number of operations, and such means is required to be immune to various practical hazards such as the rattling of the device by a passenger through a backlash.
  • the present invention seeks to provide control mechanism which is applicable to turnstiles or in installations wherein like problems arise, such as controlled pay-gates (as be used for toll purposes, car parking, or the like). In all such installations it is assumed that rotational control is required of some element which is in the nature of the shaft or spindle of a turnstile.
  • the invention seeks to provide for the following possible functions, not necessarily all together but as a selection of requirements. It will be stated and described for convenience in terms of turnstiles.
  • the mechanism for control afforded by the invention is capable of operation by coin insertion, electrically or mechanically, or by direct manipulations. It affords selective sense of direction; that is to say, a tumstile may be arranged to pass people one'way under control and the other way freely, these senses being selectively reversible. It is such that in any one actuation it cannot be reversed (subject to an inconsiderable number of degrees of angle of reverse, say 15). lts resistance to operation, which we term the breakaway torque" is low andoperation having been initiated is substantially uniform up to half the operational phase (normally 120 of rotation) whereafter it is self-operating. This attribute can be associated with'adjustable damping means which obviates the possibility of the tumstile overrunning by momentum; it will always stop and be relocked after a single operation phase.
  • the invention is preferably used in conjunction .with a tumstile of the three-armed tripodlike kind which rotates on a substantially horizontal axis, but it will be seen that it is readily adaptable to a'vertical-axistumstile (which usually has four gates) or in other installations presenting like problems.
  • a mechanism for the selective control of the rotation or part-rotation of a shaft comprises a camlike formation mounted for rotation on the shaft and a first pawl cooperating with the camlike formation so as sequentially to lock the shaft against rotation in one direction whilst allowing rotation in the other direction, means for moving the first pawl from the locked to an unlocked position, a notched circular member mounted for rotation on the shaft and a second pawl so engaging the circular member as to permit the initiation of rotation of the shaft in either direction from a locked position but so as to prevent reverse rotation after such initiation until such time as the shaft reaches the next locked position.
  • the camlike formation has a number of identical lobes equal to the number of equal part-rotational movements required for each complete revolution of the shaft and has a roller at each apex where two adjacent lobes join and in which the first pawlis pivotably mounted and spring-located, the inner cam-engaging surface of the first pawl comprising a radially inwardly curved portion joined to a straight portion by a radially inward hook part, the pawl being so shaped and located that when the shaft is in a locked position one of the rollers lies in the hook part whilst the roller next in that direction of rotation against which the shaft is locked engages the end of the straight portion of the first pawl remote from the hook part, the cooperation of the rollers and the pawl further providing that when the shaft is locked against rotation in one direction it is free to rotate in the other direction.
  • the notched circular member may have equal circumferential notched portions equally spaced apart by a number of gaps, the number of notched portions and the number of gaps both being equal to the number of part-rotational movements required for eachcomplete revolution of the shaft and the second pawl being pivotally mounted, reversible and resiliently urged to a neutral position between two extreme angled positions, the pawl being arranged to engage the notched portions in either sense of direction of the shaft and to lie in its neurtal position only when released by a gap the rotational positions at which such release occurs corresponding to the locked positions of the shaft, the shapes of the notches and of the second pawl being such as to allow initiation of rotation in either direction when the pawl is lying in a gap but so as to prevent reverse rotation after such initiation until the pawl is released into the next gap.
  • a reversible pawl which is pivotally mounted and resiliently urged to a neutral position between two extreme angled positions, and this pawl is arranged to engage one of a series of teeth or dogs on the rotary part in either one or the other sense of direction, lying in its neutral position only when at each interoperational cycle (for example it (the pawl) is released by a gap in the series. It follows that in whichever sense the turnstileis used, the pawl prevents backward movement once the forward movement is proceeding.
  • a camlike torque-restoring mechanism rotating with the turnstile in which a specially profiled camformed member is strongly and resiliently urged into engagement with the camlike formation in such a way that when the tumstile is moved through half (or so) of one operative phase or movement (again we quote, for example, 120) the movement is resiliently opposed by a substantially uniform torque, whilst in the second half (or so) of that phase it is resiliently assistedp
  • the cam is formed on a spring-urged lever which bears against three-lobe follower mounted to rotate with the turnstile, the contour of the cam being special in the sense of achieving the torque characteristic required: this needs detailed explanation which is given below by way of example.
  • the invention preferably further includes a damping mechanism.
  • This is a reciprocating adjustable damper (analogous to a swing-door check damper) of unidirectional effect, which is operated by linkage from the three-lobe element of the turnstile in such a way that when the torque is being restored to the turnstile (i.e. after the halfway condition, when the turnstile is over-running) the damper restricts the rate of resiliently motored action, and this brings the turnstile shocklessly to rest at the end of that 120 phase.
  • the damper is substantially nonrestricting during the first half of the phase so that it does not add to the required operative torque of the turnstile.
  • Mechanism provided as above enables an electrical counter device to be provided with the following features.
  • At least two switches which are precision switches such as microswitches, are provided with operating elements such as wipers or feelers which are arranged to cooperate with a track rotatable with the turnstile, which track has three significant deviations (such as notches or bumps) at the same 120 or so to correspond to the operative phase positions of the turnstile.
  • These switches are spaced angularly by 45 (in the example) and are in series, a relay contact being arranged in a circuit parallel with one of them.
  • the circuit so provided is arranged to operate an electrical numeral counter. Then, when the turnstile is in one of its static positions, i.e. at one of its 120 stations, both switches are open.
  • the second switch operates and therefore operates the relay contact (in parallel with the second switch), which then short circuits the second switch so that any further operation of the second switch cannot influence the count.
  • the relay is then cancelled at the end of the operational phase by the opening of the'first switch.
  • the release mechanism described below as operable unidirectionally by a single solenoid as for coin release, may be duplicated so as to be usable in both senses.
  • it may be included in a torque-type circuit which may perform functions other than mere release of the turnstile.
  • the release may be coupled with change-giving, transfer ticket printing, token acceptance, or a coded magnetic season ticket facility.
  • FIG. 1 is a view along the rotational axis of a turnstile, a spindle rotating therewith;
  • FIG. 2 is an elevation view of the same, at right angles to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3A is a diagram of a counter operating circuit
  • FIG. 3B is a graph indicating the phase positions in which the switches of FIG. 3A operate.
  • the example described is of the invention applied to the socalled head of a turnstile; it is designed for a turnstile of the three-armed type which rotates on a horizontal axis.
  • the exemplary head is intended to be housed in a cabinet which may also include the coin-release mechanism and any other apparatus required to be associated.
  • the shaft 1 has secured fast to it a main boss or hub 2, which can conveniently be machined as a single integral part.
  • the hub 2 is conveniently to be thought of as having three effective planes of operation. In one plane there is a notched member 3 which has V-notches 3A at 15, and at it has three gaps 3B which subtend 30 from the axis 1. In the next plane is a counter operating flange 4 in which there are three V-notches 4A spaced at 120. To drop into one notch 4A at a time is the operative element 5A of a microswitch 5.
  • This switch is indicated, also by 5A, in FIG. 3A, and its operative phase is shown in FIG. 3B.
  • a second microswitch has a feeler end 6A, so arranged as to drop into any one of the notches 4A. As will be discussed below, the two switches coact to ensure a certain counting function.
  • a three-lobe camlike formation (the profile of which is visible in dark-line in FIG. 1) 7, which is of basically equilateral triangle shape but with slightly convex sides.
  • antifriction rollers 7A which act as detents.
  • any other antifriction means may be adopted, such as a freely mounted bearing ball, or the outer race of a ball or roller bearing; or even a stationary element such as a cylindrical peg coated with P.T.F.E. antifriction resin.
  • the function of these detents (which for convenience we shall call rollers) 7A is similar to that of the equivalent parts in our recited application. Pivotally supported at 8A (in FIG.
  • a pawl 8 is reversible in mirror-image fashion, if the head is to be assembled for the other sense of operational direction.
  • the pawl 8 has a curved edge at 8B terminating in a radially inward hook part 8C, and this edge thence continues as a straight line 8D to a nose 8E at the end of the pawl remote from pivot 8A.
  • the pawl 8 is urged inwards, that is towards the axis 1A, by spring means.
  • crank 10 is actuated by the plunger 11 of a solenoid arranged at 11A.
  • solenoid 11A When the solenoid 11A is energized (for example by coin-released means) crank 10 rocks anticlockwise and forces pawl 8 outwards.
  • the turnstile as illustrated is arranged for anticlockwise rotation of the hub 2 when released and (as will be seen) it is free to be rotated clockwise.
  • the pawl 8 may be placed in its alternative handing," to convert the turnstile to clockwise operation.
  • a clicking pawl 12 is provided, pivotally mounted at 12A, and biased to a neutral midposition, as drawn in FIG. 1, in which the nose of the pawl lies in one of the gaps 3B.
  • the nose of the pawl 12 has tow angled corners 12C, so adapted that one of them will engage notches 3A as the turnstile rotates, and the pawl 12 is operative in regard to either sense of rotation. This ensures that, starting from one of the 120 positions (as in FIG. 1) in whichever sense the turnstile is rotated so it is prevented (at every 15*) from being turned backwards until the next gap 3B is entered.
  • the pawl 12 acts as a reversible nonretum stop.
  • the action of the turnstile is damped, chiefly in order to ensure that if it is violently operated it will not overrun by its own momentum.
  • This is provided for by a semirotary hydraulic damper (somewhat like a door damper) generally shown at 13.
  • This is actuated by a link 13A pivotally connected at 138 to a lever 13C urged anticlockwise (in FIG. l)by a spring 13D.
  • a roller At the pivot at 13B is a roller which is arranged to follow the cam 7.
  • the damper 13 is unidirectional-that is to say, energy is dissipated in its movement one way but not the other.
  • the damper 13 maybe so arranged as to fulfill also the nonreturn function of the pawl 12. This may be achieved as follows. If the damper is in the natureofa double acting ram, and is actuated positively in both senses, for example by a groove can and captive cam-follower, it operates as a damper by forcing fluid through an orifice: but in so doing sucks liquid into its other chamber through a nonretum valve. Then, the damper acts as a unidirectional hydraulic lock because the nonretum valve prevents escape of the induced liquid. But when, and only when, the damper reaches the end of. its stroke, the nonretum valve is caused to open and this corresponds with each 120 position.
  • the nonreturn valve may be a poppet-valve operated by means within the damper, or it may be operated by the cam 7, or perhaps it may operate simply by falling open when not subject to returning flow.
  • a cam-formed lever 14 which is urged anticlockwise (in FIG. 1) by a spring 148 or, preferably, a set of springs, to afford a required resilient law.
  • the lever 14 has a cam profile comprising a straight edge at 14C and exponentially curved part 14D. These are so arranged that 14C contacts one roller 7A exactly when part 14D contacts a second roller 7A. This condition is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the pawl 8 may be provided with emergency or other authorized release by any suitable manual means, such as a manual lever fast with bellcrank 10, which lever can be under lock and key or' otherwise manually inaccessible. Moreover, use may be made of an employee's pass-key to be inserted into the coring of the mechanism to engage the crank or other operating part so as to release the pawl 8.
  • the mechanism may be made highly adaptable; for example, its sense of operational direction can be made optional (for example to cope with tidal passengers) without reassembly, by duplicating the pawl 8 and its immediately associated parts, and providing means to put either pawl out of action. Everything else is.reversible.
  • a lever 15 In FIG. 1 is seen a lever 15; this is shown as typifying a connection between the solenoid 11A and the mechanism such as coin-released, ticket printing or dispensing, or the like.
  • the figure 0 refers to the position of the rotating parts in which the operative element of switch 5A is on the flange portion 4 midway between two of the notches 4A whilst the operative element of switch 6A is in the center of a notch.
  • both switches are off and the relay solenoid 30A is not energized.
  • After a small rotation switch 6A closes but 5A remains open.
  • After 60 5A closes and completes the'relay circuit, thus closing the contacts 31 and 32.
  • the closing of contacts 31 operates the counter 30 and the closing of contacts 32 short'circuits switch 5A.
  • This switch opens after a further small rotation but the solenoid 30A remains energized through switch 6A and relay contacts 32. Slightly before rotation switch 6A opens and the relay drops out ready for the next 120 cycle.
  • the counter will not register.
  • said notched circular member has equal circumferential notched portions equally spaced apart by a number of gaps, the number of said notched portions and the number of said gaps both being equal to the number of part-rotational movements required for each complete revolution of said shaft and said second pawl being pivotally mounted, reversible and resiliently urged to a neutral position between two extreme angled positions, said pawl being arranged to engage said notched portions in either sense of direction of said shaft and to lie in said neutral position only when released by one of said gaps, the rotational positions at which such release occurs corresponding to the locked positions of said shaft, the shapes of said notches and of said second pawl being such as to allow initiation of rotation in either direction when said pawl is lying in one of said gaps but so as to prevent reverse rotation after such initiation until said pawl is released into the next of said gaps.
  • a mechanism for the selective control of the part-rotation of a shaft comprising a camlike formation mounted for rotation on said shaft and having a number of identical lobes equal to the number of equal part-rotational movements required for each complete revolution of said shaft and a first spring-loaded pawl adapted for cooperation with said cam like I formation so as sequentially to lock said shaft against rotation in one direction at the end of each said part-rotational movement whilst allowing rotations in the other direction, and to unlock said shaft by a radially outward movement away from the cooperating surface of said camlike formation so as to permit the next part-rotational movement, said shaft further having a partly notched circular member mounted for rotation on said shaft, the notched circumferential portions of said member being equally spaced apart by a number of gaps equal to the number of lobes of said camlike formation and said notches and said gaps being sequentially engaged by a second spring-loaded pawl, the arrangement being such that when said second pawl is engaged in one of said gaps, then rotational movement
  • a mechanism according to claim 4 having damping means to ensure that rapid part-rotation of said shaft cannot cause said shaft to overrun by its own momentum.
  • said damping means comprises a semirotary, unidirectional hydraulic damper operated by a link having at the end remote from said damper a roller held in contact with said camlike formation on said shaft by a spring-loaded lever attached to said link, the arrangement being such that damping resistance is encountered as each roller on said camlike formation operates said damper.
  • a mechanism according to claim 4 having damping means comprising a double-acting hydraulic ram cooperating with the camlike formation and acting positively in both directions and including a nonretum valve in the hydraulic circuit, said ram and said nonretum valve being so arranged as to fulfill both a damping function and the nonretum function of said notched member and said second pawl.
  • a mechanism according to Claim 4 having a counting mechanism for counting each part-rotational movement of said shaft comprising an electrically operated counter energized by the closing of microswitches operated by the rotation of said shaft.
  • a mechanism according to claim 13 in which said counting mechanism comprises a circular flanged member mounted for rotation on said shaft and having equally spaced notches corresponding to the locked positions of said shaft, a first microswitch so located as to be opened by the action of its operating element in one of said notches relatively slightly before a locked position of said shaft and closed relatively slightly after the same locked position and remaining closed until relatively slightly before the next locked position of said shaft, a second microswitch in series with said first microswitch and so located as to be closed by the action of its operating element in the next of said notches at a point substantially halfway through the part-rotational movement of said shaft and opened relatively slightly after said halfway point and remaining open during the remainder of the partrotational movement and during substantially the first half of the next part-rotational movement of the shaft, a relay coil connected in series with both of said microswitches so as to be energized when both of said microswitches are closed thus closing a first pair of relay contacts and actuating said electrically operated counter and closing a second pair of

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
  • Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
US868109A 1968-10-23 1969-10-21 Selective rotational control for such mechanisms as turnstiles Expired - Lifetime US3602350A (en)

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GB5026268 1968-10-23

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US3602350A true US3602350A (en) 1971-08-31

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US868109A Expired - Lifetime US3602350A (en) 1968-10-23 1969-10-21 Selective rotational control for such mechanisms as turnstiles

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US (1) US3602350A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS518360B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA927149A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1264468A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140041984A1 (en) * 2012-08-13 2014-02-13 George Jiri Balastik Pivot control mechanism
EP2719855A1 (en) 2012-10-12 2014-04-16 Joseph Talpe Control assembly for controlling the rotation of a turnstile
US11840876B2 (en) * 2017-08-01 2023-12-12 Revenue Collection Systems France Sas Assembly of automatic gates including substantially identical motor assemblies and method for producing such an assembly

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3978613A (en) * 1974-04-29 1976-09-07 Automatic Revenue Controls (Europa) Ltd. Turnstile mechanism
US3998008A (en) * 1975-04-30 1976-12-21 Qonaar Corporation Turnstile head mechanism construction
RU2403365C1 (ru) * 2009-08-17 2010-11-10 Алексей Владимирович Андрианов Калитка

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1107975A (en) * 1913-03-31 1914-08-18 Sam R Marks Turnstile.
US1602486A (en) * 1920-12-28 1926-10-12 Hedley Frank Turnstile registering mechanism

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2504535A (en) * 1938-03-10 1950-04-18 Howard M Kilpatrick Check controlled and dispensing turnstile
US2312340A (en) * 1938-03-10 1943-03-02 Howard M Kilpatrick Check controlled and dispensing turnstile and other device

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1107975A (en) * 1913-03-31 1914-08-18 Sam R Marks Turnstile.
US1602486A (en) * 1920-12-28 1926-10-12 Hedley Frank Turnstile registering mechanism

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140041984A1 (en) * 2012-08-13 2014-02-13 George Jiri Balastik Pivot control mechanism
US9279463B2 (en) * 2012-08-13 2016-03-08 George Jiri Balastik Pivot control mechanism
EP2719855A1 (en) 2012-10-12 2014-04-16 Joseph Talpe Control assembly for controlling the rotation of a turnstile
US8905218B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2014-12-09 Locinox Control assembly for controlling the rotation of a turnstile
US11840876B2 (en) * 2017-08-01 2023-12-12 Revenue Collection Systems France Sas Assembly of automatic gates including substantially identical motor assemblies and method for producing such an assembly

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JPS518360B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-03-16
CA927149A (en) 1973-05-29
GB1264468A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-02-23

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