US3601684A - Phase-shifting arrangement - Google Patents

Phase-shifting arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
US3601684A
US3601684A US15531A US3601684DA US3601684A US 3601684 A US3601684 A US 3601684A US 15531 A US15531 A US 15531A US 3601684D A US3601684D A US 3601684DA US 3601684 A US3601684 A US 3601684A
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United States
Prior art keywords
transmission line
arrangement
switching
arcuate
input terminal
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US15531A
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English (en)
Inventor
Charles William Earp
Francis Giles Overbury
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
    • H01P1/185—Phase-shifters using a diode or a gas filled discharge tube

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A phase-shifting arrangement wherein a source is cyclically coupled to predetermined and equally spaced points of an arcuate transmission line of predetermined length. The coupling is achieved over radial transmission lines having pulse switchable diodes which are sequentially activated at a predetermined frequency by a rotary pulse distributor. At one end of the arcuate line there is derived a positively displaced RF signal, and at the other end of the arcuate line is derived a negatively displaced RF signal.
  • PATENTED Antwan 3, 6O 1 684 Inventors CHARLES "ll-IA EARP FRANCIS Q/[ES OYERBURY hunk/M A Home y PHASE-SHIFTING ARRANGEMENT BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • This invention relates to a phase-shifting arrangement, for
  • the arrangement is particularly applicable, but not limited, to frequencies of the order of 100 MHz. up to sever GI-Iz.
  • the arrangement has particular application for offsetting the frequency of a radiofrequency wave, that is for generation of single sidebands, in Doppler type radio navigational aids, and also for generation of the double sideband waves required in conventional navigational aids such as ILS.
  • the arrangement is able to operate at considerably higher power levels (one to ten or more watts) than conventional arrangements, which commonly involve the use of ring-modulators with which it is difficult to exceed a maximum power level of five milliwatts.
  • a phase-shifting arrangement including an input terminal for connection to a radio frequency source, a radio frequency transmission line of arcuate form centered on said terminal and connected thereto at equally spaced points along its length by n switchable radial feeds, n being equal to or greater than three and the spacing between the end ones of said points being equal to /n) times the transmission line wavelength at the frequency of said source, and means for cyclically and successively switching said radial feeds to connect the input terminal the to the corresponding successive spaced points along the transmission line.
  • FIG. 1 shows the general configuration of a phase-shifting arrangement according to the invention
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show alternative ways of switching an arm of the arrangement of FIG. 1 using a single diode
  • FIG. 4 shows an arm of the arrangement of FIG. 1 having two diodes for switching
  • FIG. 5 shows how double sideband outputs are obtained from the outputs of FIG. 1.
  • a radio frequency source 1 is a connected to an input terminal 2 located at the center of an arcuate radiofrequency transmission line 3.
  • Star-connected from the input terminal 2 to equally spaced points 4 along the transmission line 3 are radial feeds 5 each switchable at 6 by a pulse from a rotary pulse distributor 7 to connect the input terminal 2 to the corresponding point 4 on the transmission line 3.
  • the radius of the transmission-line arc can be of any desired value, but the length of the are between the two end points 4, with n radial feeds is "ln times the transmission line wavelength at the frequency of the source.
  • the transmission line may conveniently be a microstrip transmission line in the form of an arcuate strip conductor closely spaced to a metallic ground plane, and the sandwiched dielectric between strip conductor and ground plane may be such that physical wavelength is much reduced (velocity of propagation in the transmission line being proportional to thesquare root of the dielectric constant).
  • FIG. 1 there are eight radial feeds 5 to points 4 spaced at intervals of oneeighth wavelength along the line 3, so that conduction of a single feed by a pulse from the distributor 7 provides two outputs, at A and B, one from each end point 4 which, in general, are of different phase. Switching to an adjacent feed produces two new phases, one advanced by 45 and the other retarded by 45", according to the direction of rotation of the switching.
  • Continuous cyclic switching of the feeds 5 in succession by the distributor 7 causes one output to advance in phase continuously by digital steps of 45, while the other output is retarded continuously in phase by similar digital steps.
  • one output represents a digital upper sideband
  • the other output a digital lower sideband, the sideband frequency displacement from the carrier frequency of the source 1 being the frequency of rotation of the switching.
  • the number of phases necessary for continuous rotation of phase must be at least three, i.e. there must be at least three switchable radial feeds from the arcuate center of the transmission line to equally spaced (one-third wavelength) points along the line, but the number of feeds may be increased to any greater number.
  • the use of more phases permits the transmission of greater power, as power transmission capability may be determined by heating of diodes which are used for switching the radial feeds under control of a distributor supplying D.C. pulses.
  • a single diode 8 in a radial feed 5 is used for switching that feed, and a capacitor 9 is placed in series with the diode 8 in order that the switching pulses P thereto may be introduced through a suitable l radiofrequency resistor 10 (or choke).
  • the series capacitance may be realized, when the transmission line is microstrip, by an additional segmented arcuate strip conductor overlying the continuous arc of the transmission line and separated therefrom by a dielectric layer. This is indicated in FIG. 3, but for clarity the segments 11 (one for each feed) are shown alongside, not over the continuous line. The closely spaced segment and the adjustable portion of the line provide the desired capacitance.
  • the length of lead or transmission path from the star-connection point 2 of the diodes to be transmission line may be such that it is desirable to connect and disconnect each radial feed at each of its ends. This is shown in FIG. 4 with two oppositely poled diodes 12 being used for each phase and providing for the introduction of the operating pulsesP between the diodes without mutual interaction.
  • the output signals may be caused to rotate smoothly to yield substantially perfect frequency offset.
  • FIG. 5 shows how the two single sideband outputs from A and B of FIG. 1 when applied to one diagonal of a bridge comprised of three-quarter wavelength transmission lines 13 and one 14 of three-quarter wavelength, yield at the other diagonal double-sideband outputs at C and D.
  • Each output corresponds to balanced modulation of the original radio frequency source, but differ in that they correspond to modulation-frequency phases in quadrature.
  • a phase-shifting arrangement including an input terminal for connection to a radio frequency source, a radio frequency transmission line of arcuate form centered on said terminal and connected thereto at equally spaced points along its length by n switchable radial feeds, n being equal to or greater than three and the spacing between the end ones of said points being equal to (''/n) times the transmission line wavelength at the frequency of said source, and means for cyclically and successively switching said radial feeds to connect the input terminal to the corresponding successive spaced points along the transmission line.
  • each said radial feed includes at least one switching diode responsive to a DC switching pulse applied thereto to connect the input terminal to the respective point on the transmission line.
  • the feed includes two oppositely poled diodes, the switching pulse being applied between the two diodes.
  • An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 further including a bridge comprised of three-quarter wavelength transmission lines and one three-quarter wavelength transmission line connected across one diagonal thereof to the said end points of the arcuate transmission line, and output terminals connected across the other bridge diagonal.

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  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
US15531A 1969-03-13 1970-03-02 Phase-shifting arrangement Expired - Lifetime US3601684A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB03249/69A GB1187760A (en) 1969-03-13 1969-03-13 Phase-Shifting Arrangement

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US3601684A true US3601684A (en) 1971-08-24

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US15531A Expired - Lifetime US3601684A (en) 1969-03-13 1970-03-02 Phase-shifting arrangement

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US (1) US3601684A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2011372A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2034879A1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1187760A (enExample)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4697162A (en) * 1986-02-05 1987-09-29 Elmec Corporation Variable delay line system

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1279361A (en) * 1971-01-08 1972-06-28 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Frequency changing device
GB2383486B (en) * 2001-12-19 2005-02-16 Microwave Solutions Ltd Detector device

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2935701A (en) * 1958-04-21 1960-05-03 Sperry Rand Corp Microwave doppler signal simulator
US3145352A (en) * 1958-10-08 1964-08-18 Alford Andrew Rotary distributor, having time-delay line in rotor, for simultaneously distributing input, at different delays, to spaced stator points
US3173109A (en) * 1961-01-19 1965-03-09 Marine Electric Corp Inductively coupled rotary distributor
US3205427A (en) * 1962-03-12 1965-09-07 George E Maier Phase-cycle transmutor
US3213458A (en) * 1959-12-22 1965-10-19 Servo Corp Of America Commutator with antenna-interaction suppressor
US3223947A (en) * 1963-09-11 1965-12-14 Motorola Inc Broadband single pole multi-throw diode switch with filter providing matched path between input and on port
US3249842A (en) * 1961-08-17 1966-05-03 Transitron Electronic Ltd Multi-phase inverters
US3361951A (en) * 1964-12-24 1968-01-02 Nat Electric Welding Machines Direct current power supply means with balanced delivery paths
US3436691A (en) * 1966-12-30 1969-04-01 Texas Instruments Inc Diode loaded line phase shifter
US3491314A (en) * 1965-04-29 1970-01-20 Microwave Ass Phase shifter having means to simultaneously switch first and second reactive means between a state of capacitive and inductive reactance

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2935701A (en) * 1958-04-21 1960-05-03 Sperry Rand Corp Microwave doppler signal simulator
US3145352A (en) * 1958-10-08 1964-08-18 Alford Andrew Rotary distributor, having time-delay line in rotor, for simultaneously distributing input, at different delays, to spaced stator points
US3213458A (en) * 1959-12-22 1965-10-19 Servo Corp Of America Commutator with antenna-interaction suppressor
US3173109A (en) * 1961-01-19 1965-03-09 Marine Electric Corp Inductively coupled rotary distributor
US3249842A (en) * 1961-08-17 1966-05-03 Transitron Electronic Ltd Multi-phase inverters
US3205427A (en) * 1962-03-12 1965-09-07 George E Maier Phase-cycle transmutor
US3223947A (en) * 1963-09-11 1965-12-14 Motorola Inc Broadband single pole multi-throw diode switch with filter providing matched path between input and on port
US3361951A (en) * 1964-12-24 1968-01-02 Nat Electric Welding Machines Direct current power supply means with balanced delivery paths
US3491314A (en) * 1965-04-29 1970-01-20 Microwave Ass Phase shifter having means to simultaneously switch first and second reactive means between a state of capacitive and inductive reactance
US3436691A (en) * 1966-12-30 1969-04-01 Texas Instruments Inc Diode loaded line phase shifter

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4697162A (en) * 1986-02-05 1987-09-29 Elmec Corporation Variable delay line system

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Publication number Publication date
GB1187760A (en) 1970-04-15
FR2034879A1 (enExample) 1970-12-18
DE2011372A1 (de) 1970-10-01

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