US3601084A - Ultrasonic-vibration-transmitting member - Google Patents

Ultrasonic-vibration-transmitting member Download PDF

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Publication number
US3601084A
US3601084A US878605A US3601084DA US3601084A US 3601084 A US3601084 A US 3601084A US 878605 A US878605 A US 878605A US 3601084D A US3601084D A US 3601084DA US 3601084 A US3601084 A US 3601084A
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United States
Prior art keywords
vibration
input surface
transmitting member
output surface
combination
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Expired - Lifetime
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US878605A
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English (en)
Inventor
Tamas A Biro
Jeffrey R Sherry
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Branson Ultrasonics Corp
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Branson Ultrasonics Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8167—Quick change joining tools or surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9513—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools characterised by specific vibration frequency values or ranges

Definitions

  • a vibration-transmitting member having large dimensions in planes perpendicular to the direction of vibration transmitted and adapted to be resonant in the sonic or ultrasonic frequency range is provided with internal bores to interrupt Poisson couplings between portions of such member.
  • the bores are parallel to the direction of the vibration transmitted by the member.
  • This invention relates generally to ultrasonic devices and, more particularly, is directed to vibration-transmitting members having large dimensions in planes perpendicular to the direction of the vibration to be transmitted.
  • vibrations having uniform amplitudes that is a plane wave front
  • the dimensions of the vibrating transmitting member in planes perpendicular to the direction of the vibration to be transmitted to not exceed a predetermined value which is a function of the wavelength of the vibrations, as determined by the nature of the material forming the vibration-transmitting member and the frequency of the vibrations.
  • the maximum dimensions in planes perpendicular to the direction of the vibrations should not exceed one-third the wavelength of the vibrations.
  • a vibration-transmitting member formed of aluminum or titanium with the configuration of a cylinder or block and having vibrations introduced at the center of one end surface from a conventional electromechanical transducer at a frequency lying in the range of kHz.
  • a plane wave front is obtained at the opposite or output end surface only if the maximum dimensions in planes parallel to the end surfaces do not exceed approximately 3 inches. If such dimensional limits are not observed, the vibrations at the output surface have greater amplitudes at the center than at the periphery of the output surfaces.
  • the foregoing phenomenon obviously limits the uses to which such vibration-transmitting members can be applied.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,1 l3,225 dated Dec. 3, 1963, issued to Claus Kleesattel et al. entitled Ultrasonic Vibration Generator” discloses one arrangement for providing a vibration-transmitting member of large dimension which produces at the output surface vibrations having substantially uniform amplitudes. This is accomplished by disposing in the transmitting member slots for interrupting Poisson couplings. Quite specifically, the slots are provided in a direction from the input surface to the opposed output surface of the transmitting member and extend transversely through the member and are located, moreover, to pass through the nodal plane of the transmitting member.
  • the nodal plane or nodal region is the area at which there exists substantially no motion along the major axis of vibration, but on account of Poisson coupling the motion is in the direction normal to the desired output motion provided by the vibration-transmitting member.
  • decoupling means in the form of slots in the area of the nodal region, the existence of a plane wave front at the output surface of the vibration-transmitting member is preserved.
  • One of the principal objects of this invention is, therefore the provision of an ultrasonic-vibration-transmitting member having large dimensions in planes perpendicular to the direction of the vibration transmitted.
  • Another important object of this invention is the provision of a vibration-transmitting member provided with less expen sive means for breaking Poisson couplings between portions of such member.
  • a further object of this invention is the design of a metallic vibration-transmitting member dimensioned to operate as a half wavelength resonator having a relatively large input surface and a relatively large output surface, and being provided with internal bores parallel to the directionof the vibration transmitted and extending across the nodal plane of the member for breaking Poisson couplings between portions of the member.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an arrangement requiring the use of an ultrasonic-vibration-transmitting member
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a typical transmitting member per the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the member per FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view of another vibration-transmitting member per the present invention.
  • F IG. 5 is a side elevational view of the member per FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is an elevational view of still another embodiment of a vibration-transmitting member
  • FIG. 7 is an elevational view of the other side of the transmitting member shown in FIG. 6.
  • numeral l0 identifies an electrical high frequency generator which supplies via a cable 12 electrical high frequency energy to a converter unit 14 which converts the supplied electrical energy to acoustic energy in the sonic or ultrasonic frequency range.
  • the converter unit 14 includes for this purpose magnetostrictive or piezoelectric transducing means (not shown) and typically may be constructed as shown in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 3,328,610 issued to S. E. Jacke et al., entitled Sonic Wave Generator dated June 27, I967.
  • a converter unit of this type is designed most suitably to operate in the range from 18 to 25 kHz., although other frequencies may be employed without deviating from the scope of the invention.
  • the converter unit 14 is coupled to a vibration-transmitting member 16 which applies the vibrations produced by the converter unit 14 to the workpiece comprising parts 18 and 20 which meet along a surface 19.
  • a vibration-transmitting member 16 which applies the vibrations produced by the converter unit 14 to the workpiece comprising parts 18 and 20 which meet along a surface 19.
  • the workpiece parts are made of thermoplastic material, the arrangement depicted may be employed for producing a weld between the parts 18 and 20 along the mating surface 19 as illustrated and described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,224,916 issued to R. S. Soloff et al., dated Dec. 21, 1965 entitled Sonic Method of Welding Thermoplastic Parts.”
  • the vibration-transmitting member 16 is a relatively massive member made of metal, such as aluminum or titanium, and is dimensioned so that the distance between the input surface at which the vibration-transmitting member receives the vibratory energy from the converter unit and the output surface at which the member transmits the vibratory energy to the workpiece is equal to an integral number of half wavelengths of the vibrations in the member.
  • the design and dimensioning of vibration-transmitting members is described also in the book Ultrasonic Engineering" by Julian R. Frederick John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York, N.Y. (I965 pages 87 to 103.
  • the vibration-transmitting member made for instance of aluminum or titanium, is a rectangular elongated block having an input surface 22 and an opposed output surface 24.
  • the input surface 22 is provided with a threaded stud 23 which threads into a threaded hole in the converter unit 14.
  • the vibration-transmitting member is designed so that its dimension from the input surface 22 to the opposite output surface 24 corresponds to an integral number of half wavelengths of the vibrations, this causes the member 16 to be resonant along its longitudinal axis along which the vibratory energy is introduced as seen in FIG. 1.
  • the member I6 is provided with a set of internal bores 25 which extend from the input surface 22 to the output surface 24.
  • the bores are parallel to the direction of vibration and traverse the nodal region or regions of the transmitting member. If the-transmitting member 16 is a single half wavelength resonator the nodal region will be located half way between the surfaces 22 and 24, the latter being located at antinodal regions of the motion along the longitudinal axis.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 A similar vibration-transmitting member is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the vibration-transmitting member 16A again is provided with a vibration-receiving input surface 22A and an opposite output surface 24A.
  • the vibration-transmitting member 16A is provided with a plurality of bores 25A which extend from the input surface 22A to the output surface 24A.
  • three bores 25A replace the single bore 25 disposed at either side of the stud 23.
  • the multiple-bore construction will be especially advantageous when the transmitting member is rather massive and a single hole would either remove too much material or is too time consuming for machining. Smaller holes are machined more readily when considering time and tool expense.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 A further vibration-transmitting member is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • the transmitting member 168 is designed to have increased vibrational amplitude at the output surface 248 and for this reason the output portion of the transmitting member is of reduced cross-sectional area, see Julian Frederick supra.
  • the vibration-transmitting member is provided with a set of bores 258 which start at the input surface 228 and extend toward the output surface 248 in the direction parallel to the applied and standing vibrations in the member.
  • the holes break out and take the shape of slots.
  • the slots terminate, in the example shown, a certain distance short of the output surface 248.
  • a vibration-transmitting member adapted to be resonant as a half wavelength resonator per FIGS. 2 and 3 made of aluminum material and designed for a frequency of 20 kHz. had the following dimensions: cross-sectional area 1% inch by 6 inch, length about /8 inch (tuned to kHz.), two holes I inch dla. spaced on centers 2.330 inch apart.
  • an elongated vibration-transmitting member having an input surface and an output surface disposed at opposite ends;
  • said vibrationtransmitting member being of metal and dimensioned to be resonant at a frequency of at least 16 kHz.
  • an elongated vibration-transmitting member having an input surface and an output surface disposed at opposite ends; means disposed at said input surface for receiving a vibration generating means for introducing high frequency sanding waves in said member, the distance between said input surface and output surface being equal to an integral number of half wavelengths of the vibrations in said member so that antinodal regions of motion appear at said respective surfaces and at least one nodal plane therebetween, and said member having internal bores extending from said input surface toward said output surface and across said nodal plane to interrupt Poisson couplings between th portions of said member.
  • an elongated vibration-transmitting member having an input surface and an output surface disposed at opposite ends and said surfaces lying in substantially parallel planes;
  • said member having internal bores whose axes are disposed substantially parallel to the axis of the introduced standing waves and extending across said nodal plane to interrupt Poisson couplings between the portions of said member.
US878605A 1969-11-21 1969-11-21 Ultrasonic-vibration-transmitting member Expired - Lifetime US3601084A (en)

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3776178A (en) * 1972-09-11 1973-12-04 W Colianni Machine frame structure
US4131505A (en) * 1977-12-12 1978-12-26 Dukane Corporation Ultra-sonic horn
EP0005719A1 (de) * 1978-04-21 1979-12-12 Cavitron Corporation Ultraschall Resonanzschwinger
US4315181A (en) * 1980-04-22 1982-02-09 Branson Ultrasonics Corporation Ultrasonic resonator (horn) with skewed slots
US4363992A (en) * 1981-01-26 1982-12-14 Branson Ultrasonics Corporation Resonator exhibiting uniform motional output
DE3316353A1 (de) * 1982-05-12 1983-11-17 Taga Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo Ultraschall-bearbeitungseinrichtung, insbesondere reinigungseinrichtung
GB2167305A (en) * 1984-11-23 1986-05-29 Vernon Smith Ultrasonic transducer for dispersal of haemorrhages in eyes
US4762668A (en) * 1986-04-24 1988-08-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Venturi flow nozzle ultrasonic cleaning device
US4962330A (en) * 1989-03-21 1990-10-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Acoustic transducer apparatus with reduced thermal conduction
US5123433A (en) * 1989-05-24 1992-06-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Ultrasonic flow nozzle cleaning apparatus
US20180287585A1 (en) * 2017-03-31 2018-10-04 Sembcorp Marine Repairs & Upgrades Pte. Ltd. Ultrasonic device having large radiating area

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATA27179A (de) * 1978-01-25 1981-05-15 Licentia Gmbh Grossflaechiges schwingnutzgeraet

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3113225A (en) * 1960-06-09 1963-12-03 Cavitron Ultrasonics Inc Ultrasonic vibration generator
US3224916A (en) * 1963-12-06 1965-12-21 Branson Instr Sonic method of welding thermoplastic parts
US3328610A (en) * 1964-07-13 1967-06-27 Branson Instr Sonic wave generator
US3368085A (en) * 1965-11-19 1968-02-06 Trustees Of The Ohio State Uni Sonic transducer
US3370186A (en) * 1965-02-05 1968-02-20 Blackstone Corp Ultrasonic transducers
US3526792A (en) * 1963-03-18 1970-09-01 Branson Instr Apparatus for controlling the power supplied to an ultrasonic transducer

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3113225A (en) * 1960-06-09 1963-12-03 Cavitron Ultrasonics Inc Ultrasonic vibration generator
US3526792A (en) * 1963-03-18 1970-09-01 Branson Instr Apparatus for controlling the power supplied to an ultrasonic transducer
US3224916A (en) * 1963-12-06 1965-12-21 Branson Instr Sonic method of welding thermoplastic parts
US3328610A (en) * 1964-07-13 1967-06-27 Branson Instr Sonic wave generator
US3370186A (en) * 1965-02-05 1968-02-20 Blackstone Corp Ultrasonic transducers
US3368085A (en) * 1965-11-19 1968-02-06 Trustees Of The Ohio State Uni Sonic transducer

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3776178A (en) * 1972-09-11 1973-12-04 W Colianni Machine frame structure
US4131505A (en) * 1977-12-12 1978-12-26 Dukane Corporation Ultra-sonic horn
EP0005719A1 (de) * 1978-04-21 1979-12-12 Cavitron Corporation Ultraschall Resonanzschwinger
US4315181A (en) * 1980-04-22 1982-02-09 Branson Ultrasonics Corporation Ultrasonic resonator (horn) with skewed slots
US4363992A (en) * 1981-01-26 1982-12-14 Branson Ultrasonics Corporation Resonator exhibiting uniform motional output
DE3316353A1 (de) * 1982-05-12 1983-11-17 Taga Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo Ultraschall-bearbeitungseinrichtung, insbesondere reinigungseinrichtung
US4483571A (en) * 1982-05-12 1984-11-20 Tage Electric Co., Ltd. Ultrasonic processing device
GB2167305A (en) * 1984-11-23 1986-05-29 Vernon Smith Ultrasonic transducer for dispersal of haemorrhages in eyes
US4762668A (en) * 1986-04-24 1988-08-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Venturi flow nozzle ultrasonic cleaning device
US4962330A (en) * 1989-03-21 1990-10-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Acoustic transducer apparatus with reduced thermal conduction
US5123433A (en) * 1989-05-24 1992-06-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Ultrasonic flow nozzle cleaning apparatus
US20180287585A1 (en) * 2017-03-31 2018-10-04 Sembcorp Marine Repairs & Upgrades Pte. Ltd. Ultrasonic device having large radiating area
US10562068B2 (en) * 2017-03-31 2020-02-18 Sembcorp Marine Repairs & Upgrades Ptd. Ltd. Ultrasonic device having large radiating area

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2047883C3 (de) 1975-12-04
DE2047883B2 (de) 1975-04-17
DE2047883A1 (de) 1971-05-27

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