US3600271A - Crimped thermoplastic filament having a two phase cross-section - Google Patents

Crimped thermoplastic filament having a two phase cross-section Download PDF

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Publication number
US3600271A
US3600271A US686136A US3600271DA US3600271A US 3600271 A US3600271 A US 3600271A US 686136 A US686136 A US 686136A US 3600271D A US3600271D A US 3600271DA US 3600271 A US3600271 A US 3600271A
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United States
Prior art keywords
filament
crimped
section
filaments
produced
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Expired - Lifetime
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US686136A
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English (en)
Inventor
Terumichi Ono
Tsuneo Haga
Yasuo Takagi
Tomitake Higuchi
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Toray Industries Inc
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Toray Industries Inc
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/22—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a crimped or curled structure; with a special structure to simulate wool
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/004—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by heating fibres, filaments, yarns or threads so as to create a temperature gradient across their diameter, thereby imparting them latent asymmetrical shrinkage properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/229—Relaxing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
    • Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
    • Y10T428/2978—Surface characteristic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/298—Physical dimension

Definitions

  • thermoplastic synthetic high polymer of the invention is composed of nonconjugated structure having two different phases in cross section of said filament.
  • the above-mentioned two different phases in cross section of the filament is defined by the difference in dyeability or refraction index.
  • the crimped filament of the invention is provided with the outside roughened surface having numerous fine pit-like portions. The process for manufacturing the crimped fiber of the invention is also disclosed.
  • This invention relates to an improved crimped filament and a process for manufacturing the same particularly relates to a crimped filament composed of two different phases of structure with a synthetic linear high polymer, such as polye-caproamide, etc., and a process for manufacturing the same.
  • the so-called textured filament yarn such as Agilon which is produced by passing the stretched filaments over a sharp edge in such a manner that the threadline of the filaments is deflected at an angle at the deflecting edge and then the filaments are allowed to shrink, is one of the well-known textured filaments composed of non-conjugated structure comprising a high-shrunk portion and a low-shrunk portion.
  • Another type of the filament yarn composed of potentially crimpable filaments of linear high polymers can be produced by prior arts, for example, according to British Pat. No. 939,314, wherein the filaments Which are stretched in a continuous manner to two to eight times their original length are subjected to a short heat treatment such that the filaments are heated on one side for a very short time by passing the filaments at a speed of over 100 m./min. over a small hot surface having a temperature within the range of 300 to 900 C. to deflect the threadline of the filaments sothat the portion of the filaments approaching the hot surface forms an angle within the range of 130 to 170 with the portion of the filaments leaving the hot surface.
  • the crimped filament yarns of the first case have a somewhat stiff feeling when one touches the woven or knitted materials manufactured with this filament yarn, while those of the second case have poor elasticity, further there is possibility of troubles such as yarn breakage during the manufacturing process.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to provide an improved crimped filament of a synthetic linear high polymer having properties suitable for practical end uses such as seamless stockings and knitted goods manufactured by a tricot machine.
  • the other object of the present invention is to provide an improved process for producing potentially crimpable filament of a synthetic linear high polymer at high efficiency and low cost.
  • synthetic filament has a smooth surface, whereby so-called metallic luster of the filament is in- 3,fifi0,27i Patented Aug. 17, 1971 ice evitable.
  • a pigment such as titanium dioxide has been added to the polymer.
  • addition of a pigment to the polymer degrades the mechanical properties of the filament produced.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a high bulky crimped filament having soft and elegant luster from a synthetic linear high polymer even if some kind of pigment has been added.
  • the so-called composite filament composed of two or three different high polymers have been developed. It is said that the crimped filament yarns of the second case have inferior properties such as poor crimp recovery, durability of crimps and crimpability when compared with the third case, even if the freedom for selecting the fineness of filament and the size of crimp is better than the third case.
  • FIG. 1 is an embodiment of the process for manufacturing crimped filaments from a synthetic linear high polymer according to the invention
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are enlarged sketches of the coredyed section of the crimped filaments showing the particular structure of the filament of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2C and 2D are enlarged sketches of the coredyed section of the crimped filaments produced by the Agilon method and the process of the British Pat. No. 939,314, respectively, showing the structure of these filaments,
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged side view of an embodiment of the crimped filament of the invention
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged sketch of another embodiment of the invention showing the core-dyed sections of the crimped filaments adhering to each other.
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for showing the crimpability of Agilon, composite filament yarn and the filament yarn of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram for showing elastic recovery of seamless stockings made from the crimped filament of Agilon, British Pat. No. 939,314 and the present invention, respectively.
  • the improved crimped filament yarn of the invention is produced by the following process; the molten high polymer of poly-e-caproamide is extruded from a spinnerete 1, and cooling and solidification of the stream of the melt emerging from the spinneret 1 are accelerated by a current of cool air shown by the arrows.
  • the resulting filament is taken up at a constant speed by a driven mechanism comprising a pinch roll 5 and the 1st Godet roll 6, them the filament 14 is further taken up by drawing rolls 8 by which the filament 2 is stretched in a stretching zone between the first Godet roll 6 and the drawing roll 8. During the stretching operation the filament 14 passes over a heated cylindrical pin 7 which contacts it.
  • the stretched filament 14 is taken up on a bobbin 9.
  • the oiling operation is applied to the filament by a conventional oil disk 4 and trough as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the surface speeds of the first Godet roll 6 and the second Godet roll 8 are 500 meter per min. and 2,000 meter per min., respectively.
  • the cylindrical pin of 60 mm. dia. is maintained at 600 C.
  • the stretching of the filament is carried out at the contact surface of the filament with the pin 7.
  • the contact portion of the filament 2 is provided with an abrasive action by the pin 7 and further, the contact portion of the filament is provided with a more severe heat treatment than the outside portion of the filament while the filament turning over the pin 7 is maintained at a high temperature such as 600 C.
  • the dyed filament is decolorized by an alcohol solution of 75% concentration for 15 min.
  • the treated filament is cut to a cross-sectional piece of 5 microns thickness by a conventional method for microscopic test and photomicrographs of the test pieces were taken, as shown in the drawings of FIGS. 2A and 2B.
  • the stretched filament 14 produced is provided with a dark colored portion 15 and a rubbed portion 16 which is light in color.
  • the rubbed portion 16 is provided with an uneven surface 16'.
  • the structure of the filament according to the present invention is remarkably different from the conventional crimped filament yarn.
  • the structure of the filaments produced by the present invention and the British Pat. No. 939,314 were studied by analysis utilizing the X-ray diffraction X-ray which was generated by an X-ray analyzer at the condition of 30 kv16.5 mv.
  • the above-mentioned ratio of A and B is defined as follows:
  • the ratio of A and B for the conventional filament is below 0.1.
  • each curled crimped portion of the filament 14 comprises an outside portion provided with numerous uneven roughened surface while the inside surface is smooth.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of the relaxation treatment of the stretched filament is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the filament 14 is taken from the package 9 by a pair of feed rolls 10, and led to a heat treatment chamber 11 maintained at C. and taken up by a pair of take-up rolls 12.
  • the surface speeds of the feed rolls 10 is considerably faster than that of the take-up rolls 12 so that the stretched filament 14 is provided with relaxation under heat while passing through the chamber 11. Consequently, the filament 14' delivered from the take-up rolls 12 is provided with nu merous curled crimps.
  • the relaxed filament 14' is taken-up on a package 13 form of a pirn.
  • the filament is wound 20 times around a conventional hank reeling machine for testing, then the wound test piece of filament is packed with a cloth. Next, the packed test piece is treated in a boiling water of 98100 C. for 30 minutes. After drying, the elongation in percent to the initial length of the test piece which was measured at the loading condition of 1.2 mg./ d. is obtained under the load of /3 g./denier.
  • the above-mentioned elongation is defined as the elongation of crimp in this specification.
  • the angle A is defined as follows. In FIG. 2A, when the center of the cross-section of the filament 14 is X, the crossing points of a line passing an edge of the portion 15 with the outer profile of the cross section of the filament 14 are Y and Z as shown in the drawing, and the angle YXZ is desginated as A.
  • the elastic recovery (in percent) and other mechanical properties such as breaking strength and elongation, and shrinkage in boiling water (in percent) of the other two types of filament were also measured.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A filament of poly-e-caproamide of denier was extruded by the conventional method. After cooling and solidification of the melt emerging from the spinneret in the spinning process, the filament produced was oiled. Within 30 seconds after the oiling operation, the filament was passed over a heated pin of 1 inch diameter in such a way that the contact angle of the filament with the pin was 200, that is, the contact length of the filament with the pin was 6.6 cm. while the temperature of the pm was maintained at 560 C. The filament was stretched at a ratio of 3.8 when the filament was passing on the pin.
  • the filament produced was taken up on a package.
  • the filament produced was provided with two different structures in a single polymer which was confirmed by the dyeing and microscopic test as mentioned already.
  • the ratio of R was almost /3.
  • the filament produced was treated by the relaxation process under 180 C. as shown in FIG. 1, by which remarkable crimps were developed on the filament.
  • the following test was performed, that is, test pieces of the filament of the invention and the other textured filament yarns, Agilon and composite filament were maintained at several loading condition in steam of 100 C., and next the length of the crimps was measured under a loading condition of 1.2 mg.
  • diagrams a, b, c of FIG. 5 wherein diagram a represents Agilon, b composite filament, and c filament of the present invention.
  • the abscissa designates load, while the ordinate designates loop length of crimp. Therefore, the diagrams can be interpreted as follows; when the loop length of crimp at any point of the abscissa is smaller, the crimpability of filament can be considered as being stronger. From the above-mentioned test, it was disclosed that the filament produced by the process of the present invention has superior crimpability in comparison with the other conventional filaments.
  • the multifilament produced comprises three groups of two filaments of 5 denier which adhere to each other at their contact portions as shown in FIG. 4, further when the multifilament of this embodiment is observed microscopically as explained in the explanation of the drawing, the dark colored portions 15 of the two filaments 14 are arranged on the same side while the light colored portion 16 provided with the roughened surface are arranged on the other side.
  • This is also one of the remarkable features of the multifilament produced by the present process. Consequently, the multifilaments produced by the present invention are always composed of numerous filaments provided with uniform crimples, and it is possible to produce textile goods having an excellent handling quality, such as resilient and crisp feeling, according to the present invention.
  • EXAMPLE 3 Stockings were made with the crimpable filament of 15 denier produced by the process explained in Example 1, the filament produced by the process of British Pat. No. 939,314, and Agilon filament. To compare the elastic recovery of the above-mentioned three stockings, the respective load-elongation hysteresis diagram of the abovementioned stockings were obtained with an Instron Tester and are shown in FIG. 6. The test piece was 10 cm. long, and after extension of the test pieces to 17 cm. length at a stretching speed of 20 cm./min., they were unloaded at the same speed as that of the stretching. As shown in the drawings of FIG.
  • the stocking made by the filament of the present invention has excellent elasticity, that is, it was necessary to stretch the test piece with a strong tension at its low elongation, while it is only necessary to stretch the test piece with a weak tension at a high elongation and the elastic recovery of the stocking is fairly excellent in comparison with the other stockings.
  • d designates a stocking made by the filament produced by British Pat. No. 939,314, e designates a stocking made by Agilon and f designates a stocking made by the process of the invention. Consequently, the handling quality of the stocking made by the filament of the present invention is excellent and has sufficient strength.
  • An improved crimped filament of thermoplastic synthetic high polymer composed of non-conjugated structure having two different phases in the cross section of said filament defined by the difference in dyeability or refractive index, the outside of the crimps of said filament provided with the roughened surface, said roughened surface provided with numerous, fine, pit-like portions, the depth of said pit-like portions is from 0.5 micron to 10 microns, and the number of said pit-like portions is more than 20 per 1 mm. length of filament.
  • thermoplastic synthetic high polymer is poly-e-caproamide.
  • thermoplastic high polymer according to Claim 6, wherein said thermoplastic synthetic high polymer is poly-e-caproamide.
  • thermoplastic synthetic high polymer according to claim 8, wherein said thermoplastic high polymer is poly-e-caproamide.
  • thermoplastic synthetic high polymer is poly-ecaproamide.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US686136A 1966-12-09 1967-11-28 Crimped thermoplastic filament having a two phase cross-section Expired - Lifetime US3600271A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8030866 1966-12-09
JP4174967 1967-06-30
JP4175367 1967-06-30
JP4175067 1967-06-30
JP4175167 1967-06-30

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US686136A Expired - Lifetime US3600271A (en) 1966-12-09 1967-11-28 Crimped thermoplastic filament having a two phase cross-section

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DE (1) DE1660665A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1210927A (de)
NL (1) NL6716685A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2341156C3 (de) 1972-08-15 1979-04-26 Kanebo, Ltd., Tokio Verfahren zum Herstellen von Florteppichen
US4301102A (en) * 1979-07-16 1981-11-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Self-crimping polyamide fibers
US4309476A (en) * 1979-04-24 1982-01-05 Teijin Limited Core-in-sheath type aromatic polyamide fiber and process for producing the same
US4343860A (en) * 1979-07-16 1982-08-10 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Self-crimping polyamide fibers
US5489382A (en) * 1987-10-29 1996-02-06 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Oxygenator using porous hollow fiber membrane

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021116746A1 (de) 2021-06-29 2022-12-29 Tenowo GmbH Verfahren zur Herstellung eines hochdehnbaren und elastischen Vliesstoffes sowie nach diesem Verfahren hergestellter Vliesstoff und dessen Verwendung

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2341156C3 (de) 1972-08-15 1979-04-26 Kanebo, Ltd., Tokio Verfahren zum Herstellen von Florteppichen
DE2366181C3 (de) * 1972-08-15 1981-11-12 Kanebo, Ltd., Tokyo Verfahren zum Herstelen von Florteppichen
US4309476A (en) * 1979-04-24 1982-01-05 Teijin Limited Core-in-sheath type aromatic polyamide fiber and process for producing the same
US4301102A (en) * 1979-07-16 1981-11-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Self-crimping polyamide fibers
US4343860A (en) * 1979-07-16 1982-08-10 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Self-crimping polyamide fibers
US5489382A (en) * 1987-10-29 1996-02-06 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Oxygenator using porous hollow fiber membrane

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Publication number Publication date
NL6716685A (de) 1968-06-10
GB1210927A (en) 1970-11-04
DE1660665A1 (de) 1971-08-12

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