US3599730A - Pressure fluid operated percussion tool - Google Patents

Pressure fluid operated percussion tool Download PDF

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Publication number
US3599730A
US3599730A US1207A US3599730DA US3599730A US 3599730 A US3599730 A US 3599730A US 1207 A US1207 A US 1207A US 3599730D A US3599730D A US 3599730DA US 3599730 A US3599730 A US 3599730A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
piston
passage
valve
chamber
control
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US1207A
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English (en)
Inventor
Per Janne Olov Luthman
Matti Juhani Koskimaki
Karl August Valdemar Magnusson
Robert Mauritz Sand Zettergren
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Atlas Copco AB
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Atlas Copco AB
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Publication date
Application filed by Atlas Copco AB filed Critical Atlas Copco AB
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Publication of US3599730A publication Critical patent/US3599730A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
    • E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to pressure fluid operated percussion tools and more particularly to pneumatically operated percussive down-the-hole rock drills, so-called because the are adapted to be inserted into the hole being drilled.
  • the exhaust fluid is used as a flushing fluid during drilling.
  • passages are used which are utilized exclusively for this uninterrupted flow. Since the major diameter of a down-the-hole drill is limited, these passages will reduce the area available for the hammer piston of the drill, and the percussion effect of the drill will be reduced.
  • the passages for supplying fluid to provide the return strokes of the hammer piston are used also for such a continuous flow. Usually, these passages are long and have sharp knees and do not permit such a large flow as do the passages for providing the power strokes of the hammer piston. If the passages for providing the return strokes are widened, the area available for the hammer piston will be reduced.
  • FIG. la, 1b and 1c are to be seen together as longitudinal section on the lines lI in the FIGS. 2 and 3 of a down-the hole drill, FIG. la being the upper (rear) portion of the drill, FIG. lb being the middle portion, and FIG. lc being the lower (forward) portion.
  • I 7
  • FIG. 2 is a cross section on the lines 2-2 in the FIGS. Ib and FIG. 3 is a cross section on the line 3-3 in FIGS. 1b and 4.
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section of the medium portion taken partly on the line 4-4 in FIG. 3 and partly on the line 44 in FIG. 2.
  • the down-the-hole drill illustrated in the figures has a housing generally indicated with 10.
  • a backhead ll of the housing is adapted to be screwed onto the lower end of a nonillustrated drill pipe.
  • the drill pipe transmits rotation and axial pressure to the drill and also supplies the drill with compressed air.
  • the interior of the backhead 11 forms a portion of an air inlet passage 12 in which a spring biased one-way valve 13 is disposed.
  • This valve 16 has two annular end surfaces l7 and 18.
  • the interior of the valve 16 is supplied with compressed air through a portion of the air inlet passage 12 in an upper seat member 19 which has an annular seat 20.
  • valve 16 When the valve 16 is in its lower position (FIG. lb) with its end surface 18 against an annular seat 21 on a lower seat member 22, compressed air is supplied to an annular air-distributing chamber 23 and fromthere to a number of passages 24, 25 When the valve 16 is in its upper position with the end surface 17 against the seat as illustrated in FIG. 4, compressed air is supplied to an annular air distributing chamber 26 and from there to a number of passages 27.
  • a tubular liner 28 forms part of the housing 10 and seals against a tubular outer housing member or casing 29 so that longitudinal grooves in the liner 28 form a number of passages among which are the passages 24, 25.
  • the drill bit 30 has a splined portion 31 on its shank 32 cooperating with a splined portion of a bit holding sleeve 33 so that rotation between the bit 30 and the housing 10 is prevented, but axial movement, permitted.
  • the drill bit 30 is slidable between a retracted drilling position in which an annular shoulder of the drill bit abuts the forward end surface of the sleeve 33 and a forward position in which a flange 35 on the shank 32 abuts a split retainer ring 36.
  • the bit 30 has a central longitudinal bore 37 into which an exhaust tube 38 extends with its forward end with a sliding fit to provide a passage from the exhaust tube to the bore in the bit. Flushing passages 39 lead from the bore 37 to the forward end of the bit 30.
  • the exhaust tube 38 has a flanged member 40 at its upper end and is fastened by means of this flange member which is clamped between two elastic rings 41.
  • a hammer piston 42 with an axial bore 43 is reciprocable in the liner 28 and divides the working cylinder 44, 45formed by the linerinto a forward working chamber 44 in front of the hammer piston 42 and a rear working chamber 45 has the back of the hammer piston 42.
  • the hammer piston 42 has a forward striking surface 46 with which it strikes the end surface 47the anvil surface of the shank 32.
  • the hammer piston 42 has a cylindrical surface 48, 49 in a sliding fit with the liner 28. Between these two sliding surfaces 48, 49, the external diameter of the hammer piston 42 is preferably about 0.2 mm less than the diameter at the sliding surfaces 48, 49. There are also two deeper annular grooves 50, 51 in the piston.
  • middle portion of the hammer piston may have an internal diameter slightly larger than the internal diameter of the end portions.
  • the passages 27 lead into the rear (upper) end of the exhaust tube 38, and supply ports 54 connect the interior of the exhaust tube 38 with the rear working chamber 45.
  • the valve 16 and the supply ports 54 are bypassed by narrow passages 72, 73 which ensures starting in case the hammer piston 42 covers the supply ports 54 before starting as may be the case when drilling upward directed holes.
  • the lower seat member 22 extends into the exhaust tube 38 and has a portion 55 which shuts off the tube 38 between the supply ports 54 and the rear exhaust ports 53.
  • the passages 24, 25 lead to ports 56, 57, 58 in the forward portion of the linear 28.
  • the two passages 24 lead to start ports 56 and to connection ports 57 and the passages 25 lead to main ports 58.
  • the valve 16 has a flange with two piston surfaces 59, 60.
  • the flange 59, 60 divides a chamber 63, 64, in which it slides with a sliding fit, into a first control chamber 63 and a second control chamber 64.
  • a control port 65 and a control passage 66 (illustrated in a section in FIG. lb and schematically by dotted lines in FIG. 4) connect the upper control chamber 64 with the rear working chamber 45 when the hammer piston 42 holds this control port 65 open.
  • Another control port 67 and another control passage 68 (illustrated in a section in FIG. 4 and schematically by dotted lines in FIG. lb) connect the lower control chamber 63 with a forward working chamber 44 when the hammer piston 42 holds this control port 67 open.
  • the control chamber 63 is vented to the exhaust tube 38 by means of a venting passage 69 (illustrated in a section in FIG. 4 and schematically by dotted lines in FIG. lb) and a central passage 70 in the extended portion of the lower seat member 22.
  • the control chamber 64 is vented by means of a similar venting passage 71 (illustrated in a cross section in FIG. 3 and schematically by dotted lines in FIGS. lb, 4) and the passage 70.
  • the venting passages 69, 71 are narrower than the control ports and passages 65-68.
  • the lower seat member 22 is extended below the exhaust ports 53, and some suction in the passage 70 will result from the air exhausted through these ports 53. If this extension of the seat member 22 is omitted,
  • venting of the control chambers 63, 64 may have a detrimental effect on the venting of the control chambers 63, 64.
  • Direct venting of the control chambers 63, 64 to the outside of the casing 29 is avoided because mud and dirt would easily clog in the venting passage and because, when the drive air is off and the drill is in a water filled hole, water and mud would completely fill the drill notwithstanding the one-way valve 13 is closed.
  • the venting passage 69 is used also for venting the space between the liner 28 and the smaller diametered middle portion of the hammer piston 42 by means of a port 74. This venting is essential for the operation when there are increased clearance gaps between the sliding surfaces 48, 49 and the liner 28 because of wear.
  • the drill is suspended at the end of the nonillustrated drill pipe and air is supplied to the backhead ll of the drill through the drill pipe.
  • the drill is rotated by means of external rotation means rotating the drill pipe, and axial pressure is supplied to the drill so that the drill bit is pressed against the bottom of the hole.
  • the drill bit is, therefore, in its retracted position -the drilling position as illustrated in the figures 1b, 1c.
  • the hammer piston is illustrated at the moment of a power stroke (forward stroke) when it strikes the anvil surface 47 of the bit 30.
  • the hammer piston 42 rebounds and, thus, the bit 30 limits the power stroke of the hammer piston.
  • the valve 16 has the position illustrated in FIG. lb and compressed air is supplied through the passages 24, 25 and the ports 56, 57, 58 into the forward working chamber 44 so as to return hammer piston 42.
  • valve 16 remains in its position until the hammer piston 42 uncovers the control port 67 during its return stroke and compressed air is supplied from the forward working chamber 44 to the control chamber 63 so that the air pressure upon the piston surface 59 moves the valve into the position illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the high pressure in the control passage 68 is of short duration because just after the control port 67 has been uncovered, the exhaust ports 52 are also uncovered by the hammer piston. Because of the air pressure upon the end surface 18, however, the valve 16 remains in its position of FIG. 4 until the control port 65 is uncovered during the following power stroke. Compressed air is now, at this stage of the return stroke, supplied to the rear working chamber 45 through the passages 27 and the inlet ports 54. However, the hammer piston 42 proceeds in its return movement because of its momentum until it covers the inlet ports 54 and the air in the closed cushion chamber, now formed at the rear of the hammer piston 42, stops the hammer piston and urges it forwards because of the stored energy. The port 54 is again uncovered, and the compressed air supplied to the rear working chamber 45 accelerates the hammer piston.
  • the pressure rise in the control chamber 64 is very short lasting because the hammer piston also uncovers the exhaust ports 53, but, when the valve 16 once has shifted into this position, it remains there because of the air pressure upon the end surface 17 until there is another pressure pulse through the control passage 68.
  • the bit 30 drops until the retainer ring 36 prevents additional downward movement.
  • the hammer piston 42 tends to overtravel its normal forward stroke limit which is defined by the anvil surface 47 of the bit 30 in the retracted position.
  • the groove 51 will be in communication with the control port 67 at the same time as the groove 50 is in communication with the connection ports 57 (FIG. 4) Since the valve 16 shortly before has taken up its position of FIG.
  • connection ports 57 are closed off by the forward sliding surface 49 of the hammer piston.
  • the air pressure in the passage 66 from the rear working chamber 45 shifts the valve into the position of FIG. 1b.
  • the start ports 56 into the forward working chamber 44 are uncovered, air is supplied to this chamber 44 and the hammer piston returns; that is to say, drilling restarts automatically.
  • connection ports 57 may be disposed at the same height as the control port 67. In this case the sliding surface 49 extends to the groove 51, and the groove 50 is omitted.
  • a bypass passage 75 may be provided in the lower seat member 22 as illustrated by dashed lines in FIG. 4.
  • a tool as claimed in claim 1 in which said means adapted to connect said control chamber with said second distributing passage means comprises a control passage having an-orifice into the working cylinder, an orifice of said second distributing passage means into the working cylinder, and a recess in said hammer piston adapted to provide a passage between said two orifices when the hammer piston is in said position forwardly of its normal forward stroke limiting position.
  • a tool as claimed in claim 2 in which said recess in the hammer piston comprises two annular grooves connected by means of an annular clearance gap between the jammer piston and said hollow member.
  • control chamber is continuously vented through a venting passage which is restricted compared with said means adapted to connect the control chamber with said second distributing passage means.
  • a drill as claimed in claim 1 in which a one-way valve is arranged in said inlet passage which is supplied with pressure fluid from the drill pipe at the rear end of the housing.
  • a pressure fluid operated percussion tool comprising an elongated hollow housing, means for connecting saidhousing at its rear end to a source of pressure fluid, a pressure fluid distributing valve assembly at the rear end of the housing, a hollow member in the housing forming a working cylinder for the pressure fluid, a hammer piston with a longitudinal channel reciprocable in the working cylinder under the influence of the pressure fluid, a rear working chamber in the working cylinder at the back of the hammer piston, a forward working chamber in the working cylinder in front of the hammer piston, means in the forward end of said housing for receiving and retaining a shank means of a drill bit but permitting said shank means to move axially between a forward and a retracted position, said hammer piston being arranged to strike the shank means when the shank is in the retracted position but overtravel to a forward flushing position when the shank is in the forward position, an exhaust tube closed at its rear end portion extending through the hammer piston with a sliding fit to the channel in the
  • control passage means is continuously vented through a venting passage which is restricted compared with the control passage means.
  • a pressure fluid operated down-the-hole percussion drill including an elongated hollow housing adapted for removable attachment to the forward end of a drill pipe, an inlet passage at the rear end of the housing supplied with pressure fluid from the drill pipe, a liner in the housing forming a working cylinder for the pressure fluid, a hammer piston having a cen tral longitudinal channel reciprocable in said working cylinder under the influence of said pressure fluid, a rear working chamber in the working cylinder at the back of the hammer piston, a forward working chamber in the working cylinder in front of the hammer piston, means in the forward end of said housing for receiving and retaining the shank means of a drill bit but permitting said shank means to move axially between a forward and a retracted position, said hammer piston being arranged to strike the shank means when the shank is in a retracted position but overtravel to a forward flushing position when the shank is in the forward position, an exhaust tube extending through the hammer piston with a sliding fit to said channel in
  • a drill as claimed in claim 9 in which said control chambers are vented through venting passages which are restricted compared with said control passages and said control ports.
  • a drill as claimed in claim 9 in which said control chambers are vented to the exhaust tube by means of venting passages.
  • venting passages are connected to a passage through said closing member, which passage extends as a pipelike element to end forwardly of said rear exhaust ports,
  • valve throwing surfaces are the opposed piston surfaces of an annular flange of the valve.
  • an elongated housing adapted to be removably attached to the forward end of a drill pipe, an inlet passage at the rear end of the housing supplied with pressure fluid from the drill pipe, a one-way valve in said inlet passage, a hollow member in the housing forming a working cylinder for the pressure fluid, means in the forward end of the housing for receiving and retaining an anvil and drill bit means, a hammer piston reciprocable in said working cylinder under the influence of the pressure fluid, a rear working chamber in the working cylinder at the back of the hammer piston, a forward working chamber in the working cylinder in front of the hammer piston, an exhaust passage adapted to be in communication with said rear working chamber when the piston is in forward positions and in communication with the forward working chamber when the piston is in rear positions, means forming a cylindrical valve chamber and including two opposed valve seats, an annular distributing valve reciprocable in said valve chamber between a first position against one of the seats in which it opens the first distributing
  • a drill as claimed in claim 14 in which said venting passages are restricted compared with the control passages and control ports.
  • an elongated hollow housing adapted for removable attachment to the forward end ofa drill pipe, an inlet passage at the rear end of the housing supplied with pressure fluid from the drill pipe, a liner in the housing forming a working cylinder for the pressure fluid, a hammer piston with a central longitudinal channel reciprocable in said working cylinder under the influence of said pressure fluid, a rear working chamber in the working cylinder at the back of said hammer piston, a forward working chamber in the working cylinder in front of the hammer piston, means in the forward end of said housing for receiving and retaining a shank means of a drill bit, said hammer piston being arranged to strike said shank means, an exhaust tube extending through said hammer piston with a sliding fit to said channel in the hammer piston and into a channel in said shank means so as to provide a fluid passage for conveying flushing fluid to the forward end of the bit, first exhaust port means in said exhaust tube leading from the rear working chamber into the tube
  • venting passages are restricted in comparison with the control passages and the control ports.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
US1207A 1970-01-07 1970-01-07 Pressure fluid operated percussion tool Expired - Lifetime US3599730A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US120770A 1970-01-07 1970-01-07

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US3599730A true US3599730A (en) 1971-08-17

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US1207A Expired - Lifetime US3599730A (en) 1970-01-07 1970-01-07 Pressure fluid operated percussion tool

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US (1) US3599730A (de)
JP (1) JPS528762B1 (de)
AT (1) AT321850B (de)
BE (1) BE760997A (de)
CA (1) CA939329A (de)
DE (1) DE2062690C2 (de)
FR (1) FR2075250A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1275900A (de)
SE (1) SE372790B (de)
ZA (1) ZA708304B (de)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3986565A (en) * 1973-06-25 1976-10-19 Hughes Tool Company Exhaust means for percussion tool motors
US4100976A (en) * 1976-12-06 1978-07-18 Reed Tool Co. Pneumatic impact drilling tool
US4446929A (en) * 1979-06-11 1984-05-08 Dresser Industries, Inc. Fluid operated rock drill hammer
US4911250A (en) * 1986-10-24 1990-03-27 William Lister Pneumatic percussion hammer
US4940097A (en) * 1988-12-13 1990-07-10 Martini Leo A Fluid powered rotary percussion drill with formation disintegration inserts
US5107944A (en) * 1987-07-14 1992-04-28 Per Gustafsson Down hole drills using spent driving fluid for flushing purposes
US5183121A (en) * 1990-11-09 1993-02-02 Permon, Statni Podnik Pan Submersible pneumatic drilling unit
US5259462A (en) * 1992-08-28 1993-11-09 Ingersoll-Rand Company Soft mount air distributor
US5277260A (en) * 1993-02-24 1994-01-11 Ranck Gerald L Air hammer
US5533579A (en) * 1994-10-31 1996-07-09 Chu; Eric Shock preventive pneumatic tool as automatically shut off under no load condition
WO1998041726A1 (en) * 1997-03-18 1998-09-24 Atlas Copco Rock Drills Ab Liquid driven impact device
US6540034B1 (en) * 2000-04-29 2003-04-01 Westerngeco L.L.C. Portable seismic shothole drilling system
US20110225800A1 (en) * 2008-11-17 2011-09-22 Christopher John Lacy Apparatus and methods for inserting a fastener
EP3409879A1 (de) * 2017-06-02 2018-12-05 Sandvik Intellectual Property AB Imlochbohrmaschine und verfahren zum bohren von gestein
US11174679B2 (en) * 2017-06-02 2021-11-16 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab Down the hole drilling machine and method for drilling rock

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995008690A1 (en) * 1993-09-20 1995-03-30 Ian Graeme Rear Make up system of a down-the-hole hammer
DE9319223U1 (de) * 1993-12-15 1994-02-24 Walter, Hans-Philipp, 74251 Lehrensteinsfeld Bohrhammer
AUPM720294A0 (en) * 1994-08-01 1994-08-25 Sds Pacific Pte Ltd Inner sleeve for a fluid operated piston type hammer
GB2515569A (en) * 2013-06-28 2014-12-31 Mincon Internat Multi-accumulator arrangement for hydraulic percussion mechanism
CN111877978B (zh) * 2020-07-23 2022-03-29 重庆大学 一种液动冲击器

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2886004A (en) * 1957-05-27 1959-05-12 Ingersoll Rand Co Fluid actuated percussive tool
US3005443A (en) * 1960-02-29 1961-10-24 Ingersoll Rand Co Rock drill
US3191693A (en) * 1962-05-25 1965-06-29 Ingersoll Rand Co Rock drill
US3193024A (en) * 1962-01-18 1965-07-06 Atlantic Refining Co Percussion drills with exhaust passage in hammer

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE974523C (de) * 1951-09-26 1961-01-26 Andre Stenuick Druckluftbetriebene Schlagbohrvorrichtung zur Herstellung von Gesteinsbohrloechern
US2937619A (en) * 1957-02-11 1960-05-24 Ingersoll Rand Co Hole cleaning device
DE1186816B (de) * 1961-11-27 1965-02-11 Fritz Zimmermann Versenkhammer fuer Grosslochbohrmaschinen
AT266015B (de) * 1965-05-10 1968-11-11 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Schlaggerät für druckluftbetriebene Versenkbohrhämmer

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2886004A (en) * 1957-05-27 1959-05-12 Ingersoll Rand Co Fluid actuated percussive tool
US3005443A (en) * 1960-02-29 1961-10-24 Ingersoll Rand Co Rock drill
US3193024A (en) * 1962-01-18 1965-07-06 Atlantic Refining Co Percussion drills with exhaust passage in hammer
US3191693A (en) * 1962-05-25 1965-06-29 Ingersoll Rand Co Rock drill

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3986565A (en) * 1973-06-25 1976-10-19 Hughes Tool Company Exhaust means for percussion tool motors
US4100976A (en) * 1976-12-06 1978-07-18 Reed Tool Co. Pneumatic impact drilling tool
US4446929A (en) * 1979-06-11 1984-05-08 Dresser Industries, Inc. Fluid operated rock drill hammer
US4911250A (en) * 1986-10-24 1990-03-27 William Lister Pneumatic percussion hammer
US5107944A (en) * 1987-07-14 1992-04-28 Per Gustafsson Down hole drills using spent driving fluid for flushing purposes
US4940097A (en) * 1988-12-13 1990-07-10 Martini Leo A Fluid powered rotary percussion drill with formation disintegration inserts
US5183121A (en) * 1990-11-09 1993-02-02 Permon, Statni Podnik Pan Submersible pneumatic drilling unit
US5311948A (en) * 1992-08-28 1994-05-17 Ingersoll-Rand Company Soft mount air distributor
US5259462A (en) * 1992-08-28 1993-11-09 Ingersoll-Rand Company Soft mount air distributor
US5277260A (en) * 1993-02-24 1994-01-11 Ranck Gerald L Air hammer
US5533579A (en) * 1994-10-31 1996-07-09 Chu; Eric Shock preventive pneumatic tool as automatically shut off under no load condition
WO1998041726A1 (en) * 1997-03-18 1998-09-24 Atlas Copco Rock Drills Ab Liquid driven impact device
AU728663B2 (en) * 1997-03-18 2001-01-18 Atlas Copco Rock Drills Ab Liquid driven impact device
US6540034B1 (en) * 2000-04-29 2003-04-01 Westerngeco L.L.C. Portable seismic shothole drilling system
US20110225800A1 (en) * 2008-11-17 2011-09-22 Christopher John Lacy Apparatus and methods for inserting a fastener
EP3409879A1 (de) * 2017-06-02 2018-12-05 Sandvik Intellectual Property AB Imlochbohrmaschine und verfahren zum bohren von gestein
WO2018220098A1 (en) * 2017-06-02 2018-12-06 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab Down the hole drilling machine and method for drilling rock
US11028643B2 (en) * 2017-06-02 2021-06-08 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab Down the hole drilling machine and method for drilling rock
US11174679B2 (en) * 2017-06-02 2021-11-16 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab Down the hole drilling machine and method for drilling rock

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2062690A1 (de) 1972-03-09
AT321850B (de) 1975-04-25
CA939329A (en) 1974-01-01
JPS528762B1 (de) 1977-03-11
BE760997A (fr) 1971-05-27
DE2062690C2 (de) 1981-03-12
FR2075250A5 (de) 1971-10-08
GB1275900A (en) 1972-05-24
SE372790B (de) 1975-01-13
ZA708304B (en) 1971-09-29

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