US3599554A - Method and apparatus for viscous processing - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for viscous processing Download PDF

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Publication number
US3599554A
US3599554A US742065A US3599554DA US3599554A US 3599554 A US3599554 A US 3599554A US 742065 A US742065 A US 742065A US 3599554D A US3599554D A US 3599554DA US 3599554 A US3599554 A US 3599554A
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atmosphere
processing
temperature
water
bulb temperature
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US742065A
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Marcel Frans Aelterman
Louis Achilles Meeussen
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Agfa Gevaert NV
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Agfa Gevaert NV
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03D5/00—Liquid processing apparatus in which no immersion is effected; Washing apparatus in which no immersion is effected
    • G03D5/006—Liquid supply by means of a split or a capillarity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03D13/00—Processing apparatus or accessories therefor, not covered by groups G11B3/00 - G11B11/00
    • G03D13/006—Temperature control of the developer

Definitions

  • the atmosphere of the 34/50, 118/65 processing zone is maintained at a substantially constant wet [51] lint. (1i 603d 5/00 bulb temperature and at a relative humidity which is not [50] Field of Search 95/89, 94; greater than the relative humidity at which the coating of processing composition is in equilibrium therewith.
  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the viscous processing of an exposed photographic web.
  • Apparatus for the viscous processing of photographic Webs are known. They generally comprise an extrusion hopper mounted adjacent the web path in a processing zone for the extrusion of a thin layer of processing composition onto the exposed surface of the web, and a spray jet in said zone for the removal of the processing coating from the web after it has remained a determined time thereon.
  • the processing compositions are viscous developing or fixing solu tions which are the normal type of concentrated solutions to which a thickening agent has been added in an amount required to impart the desired viscosity to the solutions for good results without impairing the chemical properties of the solutions.
  • a saturated atmosphere requires an excellent thermic insulation of the processing zone to avoid excessive condensation. it is especially important to prevent droplets of condensate from contacting the web surface or the viscous coating thereon, and practice proves that it is almost impossible to completely avoid this phenomenon.
  • the maintenance of the saturated atmosphere in the mentioned apparatus is also impeded by the slow circulation of the saturated air. In fact, the air is circulated only by virtue of the downwardly projected water particles from the wash nozzles, which carry along the surrounding air.
  • the processing in an atmosphere saturated with water vapor requires the use of processing compositions having a relative high viscosity, say 2,000 to 4,000 centipoise at 30 C., since at lower viscosity the processing composition becomes excessively diluted by the absorption of water from the saturated atmosphere, whereby it will move on the surface producing drag" and other undesired effects.
  • the circulation velocity of the saturated air is low, since the movement thereof is only caused by spray jets drawing the air downwardly through the channel wherein they are mounted.
  • the apparatus is very sensitive to change in the ambient temperature and relative humidity, and moreover a relative long period is required after the apparatus has been started to operate, before constant processing conditions have established.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for viscous processing wherein a processing composition of relatively low viscosity, say from 30 to 50 centipoises at 25 to 55 C., may be used.
  • a further object is to provide an apparatus for viscous processing wherein the atmosphere in the processing chamber may be accurately controlled so that reproducible results under various conditions of ambient temperature and humidity may be obtained.
  • the method for processing an exposed photographic web comprises the steps of applying processing composition in a thin layer to the web, maintaining the web in a processing zone wherein the atmosphere is maintained at a substantially constant wet bulb temperature and removing the processing composition from the web after it has remained a determined time thereon, the relative humidity of said atmosphere being not higher than the relative humidity with which the processing composition applied to the web is in equilibrium.
  • equilibrium used herein is meant that the relative humidity of the atmosphere is such that there is no transfer of water to or from the layer when the layer is in contact with the said at mosphere.
  • the applied composition does not take up moisture from the surrounding atmosphere and thus does not become diluted. In that way, it may have a viscosity as low as the values mentioned hereinbefore, without the risk of causing undesired effects.
  • the relative humidity of the processing atmosphere is preferably between 70 and percent.
  • a humidifying liquid is heated, the atmosphere in a humidifying zone is humidified by spraying an excess of said heated liquid in said zone so that the atmos here comes substantially into equilibrium with the vapor pressure of the hea ed liquid, the wet bulb temperature of said humidified atmosphere being lower and the relative humidity thereof being higher than the final values thereof in the processing zone, said humidified atmosphere is heated thereafter in a heating zone, and a strong stream of said humidified and heated atmosphere is circulated through the processing zone to maintain the relative humidity therein at a value equal to or lower than that required to maintain the equilibrium.
  • the excess of humidifying liquid in the humidifying zone is collected at the entrance of said zone, and the heating of the humidifying liquid is controlled as a function of the temperature of said collected excess of humidifying liquid.
  • the heating of the humidified atmosphere in the heating zone is controlled as a function of the dry bulb temperature of the atmosphere measured in the processing zone.
  • the humidifying liquid is an aqueous solution, the concentration of the dissolved substance(s) of which is lower than the value for which the said solution is in equilibrium with the relative humidity in the processing zone at the required wet bulb temperature.
  • the humidifying liquid is heated, the atmosphere in a humidifying zone is humidified by spraying an excess of said heated liquid in said zone so that the atmosphere comes substantially into equilibrium with the vapor pressure of the heated liquid, and a strong circulation of said humidified and heated atmosphere is caused through the processing zone, the said liquid being an aqueous solution, and the concentration of the dissolved substance(s) being such that at the temperature the atmosphere is humidified, and which directly determines the wet bulb temperature of said atmosphere in the processing zone, the relative humidity of the atmosphere is lower than the relative humidity with which the processing composition is in equilibrium.
  • a web-processing apparatus of the type wherein the processing composition is applied in a finite layer onto a continuously advancing web, and wherein said web and said ap plied processing composition remain for a predetermined period in a processing chamber may comprise the following means for maintaining the atmosphere in said processing chamber at a substantially constant wet bulb temperature: a humidifier for introducing an excess of water in an atmosphere so that the atmosphere comes substantially into equilibrium with the water vapor pressure, first heater means for heating said water which is fed to said humidifier to a temperature so that the wet bulb temperature of the humidified atmosphere is lower than that required in the processing chamber, a sink for collecting the excess of water from the humidifier, and pump means for pumping the water from said sink through said first heater means to said humidifier, second heater means for increasing the temperature of the humidified atmosphere, and blower means for circulating said humidified and heated atmosphere through the processing chamberand than back again to said humidifi
  • processing will be mainly used for indicating the step of developing an imagewise exposed photographic film, it is to be
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic longitudinal view of a processing apparatus
  • FIG. 2 is the device for humidifying and heating the atmosphere fed to the developing chamber
  • FIG. 3 is the feed circuit of the developer composition
  • FIG. 4 is the electric circuit of the heating means controlling the atmosphere fed to the developing chamber
  • FIG. 5 is a psychometric chart.
  • the processing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 comprises a rectangular housing including a feed chamber 11, a viscous developing chamber 12, a fixing chamber 13, a rinsing chamber 14, and a drying chamber 15. Chambers 11 and 12 are accessible through hinged doors fitted at a lateral side of the apparatus. Liquid and electric supply means, as well as the arrangement controlling the atmosphere in the processing chamber are located in a housing (not shown) which is placed next to the housing 10.
  • the exposed film 17 is supplied to the apparatus from a magazine 18 which is releaseably secured to a support 19.
  • the film is transported from magazine 18 over idler roller 20, around a pivotable mounted end-of-roll detector roller 21, a rubber-covered transport roller 22, and an idler roller 23.
  • a spring-biased and pivoted pressure roller 24 ensures the firm contact of the film with the periphery of transport roller 22.
  • a rectangular shield 25 traps the light which might enter the apparatus through opening 26 when a magazine is being changed, or replaced for attaching a leader belt to the film as will be described later on.
  • the end-of-roll detector roller 21 is pulled by the film, when tensioned, to a lower position wherein an end-of-roll detector switch (not shown) which controls the motors driving the transport rollers, is closed.
  • the transport roller 22 is driven by a separate motor, which may rotate at a rigorously constant speed.
  • the film is passed into the developing chamber 12.
  • the film is led over development backing roller 28, and then passed in a helicoidal loop around free-rotating rollers 29 and 30.
  • Roller 30 is journaled in a bearing 31 which is mounted for vertical displacement, so that the length of the loop formed by rollers 29 and 30 is adjustable to permit the setting of the time for development.
  • the developer composition is applied to the film from an extrusion coating hopper 32.
  • the developer composition is fed to the hopper from a container 70 (FIG. 3) by a metering pump 71.
  • the composition is forced through a heat exchanger 72 which is fed with heated water, the temperature of which is kept thermostatically constant.
  • Chamber 12 is thermically insulated, and care has been taken to exclude almost any leakage of air, except through entrance opening 27 and outlet opening 37.
  • the air conditioned by the device, shown in FIG. 2 enters in the developing chamber through opening 33 and is carried off through opening 34. Openings 33 and 34 are largely dimensioned so that the velocity of the conditioned air forced through the chamber 12 is in any point almost equal.
  • a water spray nozzle 40 is provided for the removal of the coating of developer composition from the film surface.
  • the water and the removed developer are collected at the bottom of the small tank 41 and carried off through a conduit, not shown.
  • the film describes helicoidal loops in the body of fixing solution 38 in chamber 13 around roller sets 42 and 43 which each comprise several free rotating rollers which are spaced axially in side-by-side relationship.
  • a conventional replenishment arrangement is provided (not shown) for replenishing the fixing composition.
  • the film is passed through the rinsing chamber 14 where it forms in the rinsing bath 44 several loops on roller sets 45 and 46.
  • the film passes through the drying chamber 15 where rows of transversely extending blower tubes 47, 48 direct streams of hot air onto the film.
  • the film is gripped between roller pair 49 which is driven by a torque motor, and is led out of the apparatus in the direction of the arrow, whereafter it may be rolled up.
  • the device for conditioning the air which is fed to the developing chamber is shown in FIG. 2.
  • a conditioning chamber 50 in the form of a thermically insulated column, which is provided with an inlet conduit 51 and an outlet conduit 52.
  • This conduit 52 is connected with the inlet opening 33 of chamber 12, whereas the outlet opening 34 of said chamber is connected by a conduit 53, through an air compressor 54, with the inlet conduit 51.
  • the conduit 53 is further provided with a small pipe 65 through which ambient air may be aspirated. In the mentioned way a slight overpressure will be established in the developing chamber 12, since the quantum of air introduced in the chamber 12 is greater than the quantum removed through conduit 53. The overpressure compensates for losses of air through leakages of the circuit, such as the openings 27 and 37, and it prevents the uncontrolled entering of ambient air through air leakages in the circuit.
  • the bottom of chamber 50 forms a sink 55 for collecting the excess of humidifying liquid.
  • Said liquid is sprayed into the chamber by a humidifier comprising four downwardly directed spray nozzles 56.
  • the water supplied to said nozzles is heated in a first electric heater 57 to which it is fed by a pump 58.
  • the pump is supplied with water from line 59 through which the sink 55 communicates with a constant level tank 60.
  • the object of the water supply from tank till is to compensate for small losses of moisture in the circuit of the device 50 and the chamber l2, as a consequence of air leakages in said circuit.
  • the liquid level in tank 60 and consequently also in the sink 55, is determined by an overflow pipe til.
  • a water supply represented by the block 62, which supply may actually be conventional tap water, is provided to deliver through a valve 63 a constant duty of water to the tank 60.
  • a second electric heater 68 is located in the chamber 50 above the humidifier and increases the temperature of the humidified atmosphere.
  • the heater 57 is thermostatically controlled (FIG. 4) by a temperature-sensitive switch 67 which is dipped into the liquid collected in the sink 55.
  • the heater 68 is controlled by a temperature-sensitive switch 78 which is located in the developing chamber 12 near the area where the developer composition becomes coated on the film.
  • the temperature t virtually it is the temperature at which the humidifying of the atmosphere has taken place.
  • said temperature t corresponds substantially with the dry as well as with the wet bulb temperature of the atmosphere.
  • said temperature t corresponds with the dry bulb temperature of he atmosphere.
  • the device functioning in normal operation, the amount of air forced by the blower 54 to the chamber 50 and the amount of water sprayed into the chamber, per unit of time, are substantially constant. An excess of water is sprayed into the chamber so that the atmosphere comes into equilibrium with the vapo. pressure of the water.
  • the point A may be marked on the curve 100 percent.
  • the atmosphere passes through the heating zone where the heater 63 increases the dry bulb temperature of the atmosphere to, for instance, C. Since the moisture content does not change, the point B may be drawn on the chart. it is seen that the relative humidity has dropped to 70 percent.
  • the wet bulb temperature is read in drawing through point B a line, running parallel to lines (a) of constant wet bulb temperature, which intersects the curve 100 percent humidity in point C.
  • the wet bulb temperature corresponding with point C amounts to 30 C. (see also the first two columns of the table hereinafter).
  • Thermostat 67 measures the temperature of the excess of humidifying liquid collected in the sink 55. As said already hereinbefore, said temperature corresponds within close limits, say within 0. 1 C., with the wet bulb temperature of the atmosphere in the humidiiying zone. When the temperature of the water in the sink 55 lowers, thermostat 67 will control heater $7 to increase the temperature i of the water fed to the spray nozzles, thereby keeping the moisture content of the humidified air constant.
  • the lowering of temperature t of the water collected in the sink 55 may be due to a decrease in temperature of the water supplied from tank fill, or to a decrease in temperature of the ambient air which through pipe 65 is introduced into the circuit.
  • the temperature of the ambient air which is introduced in the circuit is almost without any importance. This becomes clear when the heat capacity of air is compared with the heat capacity required for evaporating the humidifying liquid, viz 0.24 Kcal. per C. per m. of air, versus 0575 Kcal. per gram of water. The evaporation of the amount of water thus largely determines the temperature of the air. Finally, the amount of air introduced through pipe 65 is only about 1/ th of the amount of air passing through conduit 53.
  • thermostat 67 Since the thermostat 67 is dipped into a body of liquid, its response time is short, so that an accurate control of the temperature of the atmosphere is obtained.
  • Thermostat 78 measures the dry bulb temperature of the humidified air entering the developing chamber, and controls the heater 68. Normally spoken, the wet bulb temperature should be measured in the developing chamber since said temperature is directly responsible for the cooling of the viscous layer during development as a consequence of evaporation. However, measuring the dry bulb temperature offers several advantages.
  • the response time of a dry bulb thermometer is faster than that of a wet bulb thermometer.
  • the controlling of the dry bulb temperature offers in the present case an accuracy of the wet bulb temperature, which is about four times greater. This becomes clear when considering a change of point B on the psychometric chart. If the dry bulb temperature is increased, say by 1 C., the corresponding wet bulb temperature increases by 0.25 C., the moisture content of 25 g. remaining unchanged. It thus the thermostat "78 offers an accuracy ofeg. 0.4 C., changes in the wet bulb temperature of the atmosphere in the developing zone will generally not exceed O.l C. The difference in dry bulb temperature for a given difference in wet bulb temperature increases even when the temperature is increased, since the slope of the curves of relative humidity decreases or higher temperatures.
  • developer composition was applied to the film at a temperature which as from 1 C. to several degrees higher than the wet bulb temperature of the processing atmosphere.
  • a temperature which as from 1 C. to several degrees higher than the wet bulb temperature of the processing atmosphere.
  • the applied development layer rapidly cools down until it attains the wet bulb temperature in the chamber. Any further evaporation occurs at said temperature.
  • the temperature of the developer composition would slowly increase as a consequence of the poor heat transfer from the atmosphere to the liquid layer.
  • pressurized water may be fed to spray nozzles (not shown) located in the developing chamber for cleaning the hopper, the rollers, etc.
  • spray nozzles not shown
  • a valve not shown
  • a supply of cleaning water may be connected to the hopper in order to remove the rest of developer composition from the conduit and to clean the hopper.
  • Duty of blower 54 m. /min.
  • adjustable (roller 30) between 5 and 15 see.
  • the arrangement of the device for controlling the temperature and humidity of the atmosphere is not limited to the described embodiment.
  • the operations of humidifying and heating may occur in two separate chambers which are connected with each other through a thermically insulated conduit.
  • the thermostatic control of the heaters 57 and 68 may occur more accurately in replacing the discontinuously operating control circuit, comprising the thermostatic switches 67 and 78, by a proportionally operating control system.
  • the temperature of said water may be thermostatically controlled.
  • a stirrer may be provided in the body of liquid in the sink 55 and the pump 58 may be connected directly to the sink 55 instead of to the conduit 59.
  • an aqueous solution instead of water is fed to the humidifier for moistening the air.
  • the boiling point of water is elevated by the addition thereto of a dissolved substance.
  • a aqueous salt solution containing 4 moles of sodium chloride per litre of water has a boiling point of 104 C.
  • an atmosphere which is saturated with said salt solution is in equilibrium with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent.
  • the relative humidity with which the atmosphere saturated with the sodium chloride solution is in equilibrium is determined as follows.
  • the temperature of the solution fed to the sprayers was: r 345 C.
  • the concentration of the solution fed to the spray nozzles may be chosen in such a way that the saturated atmosphere is directly in equilibrium with the desired relative humidity.
  • an aqueous solution containing 6 moles sodium chloride per litre of water is sprayed into the atmosphere at a temperature of about 37 C. (see fourth column of table).
  • the dry bulb temperature of the saturated air is 35, the relative humidity is 70 percent.
  • the humidified atmosphere is passed into the processing chamber without heating, so that the parameters of the atmosphere practically do not change.
  • means may be provided for measuring said concentration and for occasionally controlling the addition to the solution of substances, either in liquid or in solid form, to adjust the boiling point of the liquid.
  • the application of the invention is not limited to the viscous developing of photographic films but may also be extended to the viscous fixing, bleaching, etc., of photographic film and paper webs.
  • the fixing and/or other treatments preferably also occur by viscous application.
  • these treatments may occur in one chamber wherein different application hoppers and wash'ofi nozzles are provided, or they may be effected in separate chambers and in the latter case the conditioned atmosphere is preferably passed successively through the developing, fixing, bleaching, etc. chambers.
  • a method for processing an exposed photographic web which comprises the steps of applying a processing composition in a thin coating on the web, maintaining the web in a processing zone having an atmosphere maintained at a substantially constant wet bulb temperature, and removing the processing composition from the web after it has remained a predetermined time thereon, the improvement which comprises maintaining the relative humidity of said atmosphere in the processing zone at a value which is not greater than the lid relative humidity at which the processing composition applied to the web is in equilibrium with said atmosphere, wherein said processing zone atmosphere is produced by heating a humidifying liquid, spraying an excess of said heated liquid into the atmosphere of a humidifying zone so that the atmosphere comes substantially into equilibrium with the vapor pressure of the heated liquid, the wet bulb temperature of said humidified atmosphere being lower and the relative humidity thereof being higher than the corresponding values of the atmosphere in the processing zone, heating said humidified atmosphere thereafter in a heating zone, and circulating a strong stream of said humidified and heated atmosphere through the processing zone to maintain the relative humidity therein at a value equal to or lower than that required for maintaining the equilibrium, the
  • the humidifying liquid is an aqueous solution containing a dissolved substance at a concentration lower than the value at which the said solution is in equilibrium with the relative humidity in the processing zone at the required wet bulb temperature.
  • Web-processing apparatus of the type wherein the processing composition is applied in a thin layer onto a continuously advancing web, and wherein said web and said applied processing composition remain for a predetermined period in a processing chamber, comprising means for maintaining the atmosphere in said processing chamber at a substantially constant wet bulb temperature, comprising: a humidifier for introducing an excess of water in an atmosphere so that the atmosphere comes substantially into equilibrium with the water vapor pressure, first heater means for heating said water which is fed to said humidifier to a temperature so that the wet bulb temperature of the humidified atmosphere is lower than that required in the processing chamber, a sink for collecting the excess of water from the humidifier and pump means for pumping the water from said sink through said first heater means to said humidifier, second heater means for increasing the temperature of the humidified atmosphere, and blower means for circulating said humidified and heated atmosphere through the processing chamber and then back again to said humidifier.
  • a humidifier for introducing an excess of water in an atmosphere so that the atmosphere comes substantially into equilibrium with the water vapor pressure
  • first heater means for heating
  • Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein the humiditying and the heating of the atmosphere occur in a chamber separate from the processing chamber.
  • Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said first heater means is thermostatically controlled by sensing means measuring the temperature of the water collected in the sink.
  • thermostatic control of the second heater means is arranged to obtain in the processing chamber a wet bulb temperature which is by 1 to 5 C. lower than the temperature of the developing composition which is applied to the web.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Photographic Processing Devices Using Wet Methods (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US742065A 1967-07-03 1968-07-03 Method and apparatus for viscous processing Expired - Lifetime US3599554A (en)

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GB30626/67A GB1202931A (en) 1967-07-03 1967-07-03 Method and apparatus for the viscous processing of photographic webs

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US3599554A true US3599554A (en) 1971-08-17

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US (1) US3599554A (forum.php)
JP (1) JPS4813451B1 (forum.php)
BE (1) BE717502A (forum.php)
DE (1) DE1772778A1 (forum.php)
FR (1) FR1582896A (forum.php)
GB (1) GB1202931A (forum.php)
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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3724355A (en) * 1970-06-12 1973-04-03 K Schranz Apparatus for processing exposed photographic film or the like
US3804379A (en) * 1972-01-21 1974-04-16 W Merz Developing apparatus for photographic materials
JPS5056941A (forum.php) * 1973-09-14 1975-05-19
US4797353A (en) * 1986-09-10 1989-01-10 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for developing of silver halide photographic materials utilizing reduced amounts of organic substances
US4916829A (en) * 1987-03-23 1990-04-17 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method of and apparatus for drying photographic light-sensitive material in photographic processing machine
US4952960A (en) * 1988-03-30 1990-08-28 Konica Corporation Drying air control method in an automatic developing machine and an automatic developing machine employing the method
US5387959A (en) * 1991-09-24 1995-02-07 Hostert Gmbh Unit for developing photographic paper
US5422698A (en) * 1992-09-30 1995-06-06 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Photosensitive material processing apparatus
US5708904A (en) * 1996-06-14 1998-01-13 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic emulsion surface reforming method
EP0908770A1 (en) * 1997-10-09 1999-04-14 Eastman Kodak Company Processing photographic material
US6113288A (en) * 1996-06-14 2000-09-05 Eastman Kodak Company Water deposition apparatus and method
US6223448B1 (en) * 1999-01-19 2001-05-01 Baldwin Grafotec Gmbh Device for conditioning a paper web
US6655046B2 (en) * 2000-09-18 2003-12-02 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Ag Device and process for uniform drying of products in web form produced by coating
US20070234589A1 (en) * 2006-04-05 2007-10-11 Peter Bernegger Pressurized Drying/Dehydration Apparatus and Method
US20100058605A1 (en) * 2008-09-10 2010-03-11 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Clothes dryer with water tank

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3087405A (en) * 1959-12-21 1963-04-30 Sperry Rand Corp Film processing apparatus
US3157103A (en) * 1961-08-09 1964-11-17 Eastman Kodak Co Viscous solution processing device adapted for continuous operation
US3177790A (en) * 1961-02-08 1965-04-13 Eastman Kodak Co Processing device and method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3087405A (en) * 1959-12-21 1963-04-30 Sperry Rand Corp Film processing apparatus
US3177790A (en) * 1961-02-08 1965-04-13 Eastman Kodak Co Processing device and method
US3157103A (en) * 1961-08-09 1964-11-17 Eastman Kodak Co Viscous solution processing device adapted for continuous operation

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3724355A (en) * 1970-06-12 1973-04-03 K Schranz Apparatus for processing exposed photographic film or the like
US3804379A (en) * 1972-01-21 1974-04-16 W Merz Developing apparatus for photographic materials
JPS5056941A (forum.php) * 1973-09-14 1975-05-19
US4797353A (en) * 1986-09-10 1989-01-10 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for developing of silver halide photographic materials utilizing reduced amounts of organic substances
US4916829A (en) * 1987-03-23 1990-04-17 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method of and apparatus for drying photographic light-sensitive material in photographic processing machine
US4952960A (en) * 1988-03-30 1990-08-28 Konica Corporation Drying air control method in an automatic developing machine and an automatic developing machine employing the method
US5387959A (en) * 1991-09-24 1995-02-07 Hostert Gmbh Unit for developing photographic paper
US5422698A (en) * 1992-09-30 1995-06-06 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Photosensitive material processing apparatus
US5708904A (en) * 1996-06-14 1998-01-13 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic emulsion surface reforming method
US6113288A (en) * 1996-06-14 2000-09-05 Eastman Kodak Company Water deposition apparatus and method
EP0908770A1 (en) * 1997-10-09 1999-04-14 Eastman Kodak Company Processing photographic material
US6161968A (en) * 1997-10-09 2000-12-19 Eastman Kodak Company Processing photographic material
US6223448B1 (en) * 1999-01-19 2001-05-01 Baldwin Grafotec Gmbh Device for conditioning a paper web
US6655046B2 (en) * 2000-09-18 2003-12-02 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Ag Device and process for uniform drying of products in web form produced by coating
US20070234589A1 (en) * 2006-04-05 2007-10-11 Peter Bernegger Pressurized Drying/Dehydration Apparatus and Method
US20100058605A1 (en) * 2008-09-10 2010-03-11 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Clothes dryer with water tank
US8393090B2 (en) * 2008-09-10 2013-03-12 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Clothes dryer with water tank

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NL6809381A (forum.php) 1968-12-27
FR1582896A (forum.php) 1969-10-10
DE1772778A1 (de) 1971-06-03
BE717502A (forum.php) 1969-01-03
GB1202931A (en) 1970-08-19
JPS4813451B1 (forum.php) 1973-04-27

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