US3598892A - Controled switching of octaves in an electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Controled switching of octaves in an electronic musical instrument Download PDF

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Publication number
US3598892A
US3598892A US865830A US3598892DA US3598892A US 3598892 A US3598892 A US 3598892A US 865830 A US865830 A US 865830A US 3598892D A US3598892D A US 3598892DA US 3598892 A US3598892 A US 3598892A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pedal
switch means
octave
tone
compass
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Expired - Lifetime
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US865830A
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English (en)
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Maki Yamashita
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Nippon Gakki Co Ltd
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Nippon Gakki Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H5/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by means of electronic generators
    • G10H5/02—Instruments in which the tones are generated by means of electronic generators using generation of basic tones
    • G10H5/06—Instruments in which the tones are generated by means of electronic generators using generation of basic tones tones generated by frequency multiplication or division of a basic tone
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S84/00—Music
    • Y10S84/02—Preference networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S84/00—Music
    • Y10S84/25—Pedal clavier

Definitions

  • ] [litt. i l di a th h li nd a binary divide electively Gloh operated by a player, the octave shifter providing an output (50] Field of Search .1 84/1 .01, which is either a divided or nondivided Signal f the hitching L08 selector output.
  • a frequency divider further divides the octave [5 6] Re Cited shifter output and a pedal tone signal is generated.
  • manlpulatlon of a knee lever operates the octave sh1fter to UNITED STATES PATENTS shift the tone pitch by an octave and as a result the compass of 2,922,329 l/ 1960 Hanert 84/DIG.
  • the pedal keyboard is extensible upward or downward without 3,039,346 6/1962 Martin 84/1.08 increasing the number of the pedal keys.
  • This invention relates to a pedal compass extension system for an electronic musical instrument, and more particularly to a novel pedal compass extension system capable of practically extending the compass of the pedal keyboard by selectively shifting a pedal tone pitch.
  • a pedal operated keyboard section in addition to an upper manual keyboard section mainly to play melodies and a lower manual keyboard section mainly to play accompaniments.
  • the pedal keyboard section servers to give forth beats in the bass tone region.
  • the pedal keyboard section usually consists of 13 pedal keys corresponding to 13 notes within one octave from C through C according to the musical notation (actual tones re between C and C as the pedal keyboard section is usually based on the 16' register).
  • the object of the present invention is to provide affairs into consideration, and its object is to provide a novel pedal section for electronic musical instruments which enables the compass of the pedal keyboard to be greatly extended without increasing the number of the pedal keys.
  • a construction comprising tone generators, switches operated by respectively associated pedal keys, a latching selector sustainingly selecting one corresponding signal out of output signals from the tone generators in response to the operation of a corresponding key switch, an octave shifter including a shifting switch for the manipulation of a player, and at least a binary divider selectively rendered operative by the manipulation of the shifting switch and providing either a divided or nondivided signal of an output signal from the latching selector, a frequency divider further dividing an output signal from the octave shifter, and a keyer gating an output signal from the frequency divider in response to the operation of the key switches.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a circuit showing a preferred embodiment of the pedal compass extension system according to the invention
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are detailed diagrams of an actual circuit showing an example of the embodiment of FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a circuit showing a main art of another embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic construction of a first embodiment
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B show a detailed construction of a preferred example thereof with component values indicated to facilitate practice of the invention by those skilled in the art of this field.
  • reference numeral I1 designates a group of oscillating-type tone generators providing each of 13 tones of from C (523 Hz.) through C (1,047 Hz.) out of more-in-number generators in the electronic musical instrument.
  • the generators are flip-flops (bistable multivibrators) of a simplified construction in FIG. 2A, but any conventional type oscillators may be used instead.
  • a numeral l2 designates a group of pedal key switches including 13 pairs 12a and 12b 12a and l2b of switches, each pair consisting of a first key switch 12a, (...l2a, and a second key switch 12b 12) corresponding to each of 13 pedal keys of from C note through C note.
  • a numeral 13 designates a latching selector which receives tone signals from the one generators 11, and leads out only one of them at a time according to the operation of the first key switch 12m (...l2a
  • a mostpreferable construction of the latching selector is shown in FIG.
  • the tone signal at a required pitch (frequency) thus selectively led out of output terminal 13b of the latching selector circuit 13 is impressed through an amplifier 5 upon an octave shifter 16 of he construction to be described hereinafter, the amplifier 15 being a kind of pulse modifier having circuit construction as shown in FIG. 2A.
  • the octave shifter 16 includes a binary or one-half frequency divider 17, for instance, consisting of a flip-flop circuit and a double-throw switch 18.
  • the binary divider 17 has its input terminal in connection to the output terminal of the amplifier l5 and its output terminal connectable through a first fixed contact 18a and movable contact piece of switch 18 to the input terminal of a frequency divider circuit 19 to be described hereinafter in more detail.
  • a second fixed contact 1812 of the switch 18 is 'directly connected to the input terminal of he binary divider 17.
  • the binary divider 17 is electrically inserted between the amplifier and the frequency divider circuit 19, whereas upon switching-over of the movable contact to the second fixed contact 18b, the input and output terminals of the binary divider 17 are short-circuited, thus electrically removing the binary divider 17 from between the amplifier 15 and the frequency divider circuit 19.
  • the tone signal at a certain pitch in a range between C (523 Hz.) and C (1,047 Hz.) selectively derived out from the output terminal 13b of the latching selector circuit 13 is fed to the frequency divider circuit 19 either through the binary divider 17 as a tone signal shifted in pitch by one octave to the lower range of between C, (262 Hz.) and C (523 1-12.), or directly as a tone signal in the range between C and C
  • the tone signal fed to the frequency divider circuit 19 through the octave shifter circuit 16 is subjected to frequency division to shift down its tone pitch to the range between C, (33 Hz.) and C, (65 Hz.) so that it becomes suitable as pedal tone.
  • Frequency divider circuit 19 consists, for instance, of three cascade-connected flip-flop circuits or one-half frequency dividers 20, 21 and 22 whereby the tone signal supplied to the input terminal of frequency, divider circuit 19 is subjected to successive frequency divisions, thereby producing signals of tones successively lower in tone pitch by one octave.
  • the third and the second one signals obtained at output terminals of the one-half frequency dividers 22 and 21 and the second and the first tone signals obtained at output terminals of the one-half frequency dividers 21 and are respectively synthesized (mixed) through respective combinations of resistors 23a and 23b, and resistors 23c and 23d to produce two tone signals (for a 16 register and an 8 register) which are respectively supplied to input terminals 14a, and 14a of the tone keyer circuit 14.
  • the tone keyer 14 consists of two keyers 14c, and 140 each including a transistor amplifier.
  • Each of the keyers 14c, and Me is energized, through a source terminal V., only when one of the second key switches 12b, to 12b, of the pedal key switches 12 is closed, to permit passage of the tone signals fed to the input terminals 14a, and 14a, to the output terminals 14b, and 1%,.
  • a capacitor 1 1d causes the tone signals to decay gradually after the key switch 12b, ("1212",) is opened. and as a result provides a sustain effect. r T e 19!?
  • tone keyer circuit 14 to the output terminals 141
  • 14b thereof as the result of operating the corresponding pedal key of the pedal keyboard are respectively fed to 16' tone filters and 8 tone filters 25.
  • tone filters 24 and 25 there are generated respective tone signals corresponding to the desired voices, i.e. tone signals whose waveforms are so shaped as to provide sounds of desired tone colors, on the basis of the input tone signals.
  • the shaped tone signals from the 16' and the 8 registers are synthesized (mixed) in suitable proportions through tone controls 26 and 27, and the synthesized tone signal is amplified by an amplifier 28 prior to being fed to the following stage including for example, an expression control, a power amplifier and a speaker, as in the conventional electronic organ to produce musical tone at the required tone pitch in the gamut for the pedal keyboard section.
  • the movable contact piece 18c of the switch 18 the octave shifter 16 is ordinarily in connection to the first fixed contact 18a.
  • the switch 18 may advantageously be of an automatically returning type, for instance, incorporating a knee lever capable of being operated by a right knee of the player at any time during music performance, and may be so arranged that only when it is operated by depressing the knee lever rightward, the state of connection of the contact piece 180 to the first contact 18a is switched over to the side of the second contact 1812.
  • a tone signal having a pitch of A (880 Hz.), hereinafter termed as a tone signal A is selectively led out from the output terminal 13b of the latching selector 13.
  • the tone signal A is then amplified by the amplifier 15 and fed to the octave shifter 16, where it undergoes frequency division.
  • the tone signal A transformed into a tone signal A, (440 Hz.) one octave lower prior to being fed to he frequency divider circuit 19, where it undergoes successive frequency divisions by the flip-flop circuits 20, 21 and 22 respectively serving as one-half frequency dividers to produce tone signals A;, (220 112.), A Hz.) and A, (55 Hz.) at the output terminals of the flip-flop circuits respectively.
  • the tone signals A, and A and tone signals A, and A are respectively synthesized (mixed) to produce composite tone signal having pitch of A, for the 16' register and a composite tone signal having a pitch of A for the 8' register.
  • the tone signals for the 16 and 8 registers are fed through the tone keyers 14 to respective tone filters 24 and 25 wherein these signals are shaped to have a desired tone color.
  • the shaped tone signals of A, for the 16' register and of A for the 8' register are mixed at suitable proportions through the tone controls 26 and 27, and the mixed tone signal is amplified by the amplifier 28 and fed to the following stage of the instrument.
  • the tones corresponding to the pedal by name A the tone A, being the 16' tone and the tone A, being the 8 tone therefor are played (emitted from a speaker) by operating the pedal key having a key name A in the musical notation.
  • tone signal A led out from the output terminal 13b of the latching selector 13 is fed to the frequency divider circuit 19 directly, i.e., without passing through the one-half frequency divider 17.
  • tone signals A, (440 112.), A (220 Hz.) and A (110 HZ.) which are one octave higher in pitch than the respective counterparts in the preceding case, so that the tones corresponding now tones the pedal key name A,, the tone A, being the 16 tone and the tone A, being the 8 tone therefor, are played by operating the pedal key having the key name A
  • the pedal key A now serves as a pedal key A in the region outside the provided keyboard.
  • connection of the switch 18 may be switched over at any time during music performance by means of, for instance, a knee lever, with an electronic musical instrument having this pedal compass extension system, it is possible to extend, with only 13 pedal keys for one octave compass in the pedal keyboard the gamut of the pedal keyboard to a range of two octaves between C and C in the musical notation, which would require 25 pedal keys with the conventionally designed musical instrument of this type. Also, since fewer pedals are required in the present invention play compositions whose scores for the pedal keyboard cover a two-octave range between C and C in the musical notation are more freely executed andwith simple playing technique.
  • FIG. 3 shows a modified embodiment of the pedal compass extension system according to the present invention. It shows only a modified part, the octave shifter 16, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1, 2A and 2B.
  • the gamut for pedal keyboard may be extended not only to the higher region but also to the lower region equally by one octave.
  • the modified octave shifter 16 includes the scale-ofifour divider 29 for onefourth frequency division, for instance, consisting of two flipflop circuits connected in cascade and the second switch 30 in addition to the binary divider l7 and the first switch 18.
  • the binary divider 17 is arranged to be inserted between the output terminal of amplifier and the input terminal of the frequency divider circuit 19 through the movable contact piece 180 and the first fixed contact 18a of the switch 18.
  • the second fixed contact 18b of the first switch 18 is normally connected through a movable contact piece 30c and a first fixed contact 30a of the second switch 30 to the input terminal of the binary divider l7, and the scale-of-four divider 29 is connected between the input terminal of the binary divider 17 and a second fixed contact 30b of the second switch 30.
  • first and second switches particularly convenient for performance may be attained, for instance, by forming the first switch 18 with an automatic-return type knee lever normally connected to the side of the first fixed contact 18a as in the previous embodiment and forming the second switch 30 with an operating switch provided on an operation panel as in various stops capable of switching-over at any rest time during performance.
  • a tone signal having a certain tone pitch, for instance A selectively led out from the output terminal 13b of the latching selector l3 undergoes the action of the binary divider 17, if the movable contact piece 18c of the first switch 18 is thrown to the side of the first fixed contact 180, to produce the resultant tone signal A,,, whereas it is subject to the action of the one-fourth frequency divider 29 upon operating the first switch 18 to switch the movable contact piece 180 over to the second fixed contact 18b to produce the resultant tone signal A;,, with the resultant tone signal either A or A being subsequently fed to the frequency divider circuit 19.
  • the first and second switches may be operated at any time during musical performance in the similar manner to the preceding embodiment, it is possible with an electronic musical instrument having this pedal compass extension system and only 13 pedal keys for one-octave compass to extend the gamut for the pedal keyboard section to cover 3 octaves between C and C it would require 37 pedal keys for a three-octave compass to be provided for the pedal keyboard section of a conventionally designed electronic musical instrument.
  • the pedal keyboard consists of, for'instance, only 13 keys for one-octave compass
  • music performance with the range of the pedal keyboard section covering a few octaves may be accomplished by the mere addition of an extremely simple playing technique of operating the switches during the performance.
  • the pedal compass extension system according to the present invention will provide outstanding effects when it is applied to the usual popular type electronic musical instrument which has few pedal keys and is mostly played by performers who have not acquired a relatively high playing technique.
  • a pedal compass extension circuit device comprising:
  • a latching selector coupled to said switches for sustainingly selecting one corresponding signal from said tone generators in response to the operation of a corresponding key switch by a pedal key;
  • an octave shifter coupled to the output of said latching selector and including at least a binary divider and a shifting switch means adapted to be manipulated by a player, said binary divider being selectively rendered operative by the manipulation of said shifting switch means, said octave shifter dividing the output of said latching selector when said binary divider is rendered operative and said octave shifter passing the output of said latching selector undivided when said binary divider is inoperative;
  • a frequency divider further dividing the output signal from said octave shifter
  • first and second fixed contacts said first fixed contact being connected through said binary divider to the output terminal of said latching selector, said second fixed contact being connected directly to said output terminal of said latching selector;
  • a movable contact piece adapted to be manipulated by said player connected to the input terminal of said frequency divider circuit.
  • said octave shifter further includes a scale-of-four divider and wherein said shifting switch means includes first and second switch means respectively having first and second fixed contacts, and movable contact pieces, the first fixed contact of said first switch means being connected through said binary divider to the output terminal of said latching selector, the second fixed contact of said first switch means being connected directly to a movable contact piece of said second switch means, said first contact of said second switch means being connected directly to the output terminal of said latching selector, the second contact of said second switch means being connected through said scale-of-four divider to the output terminal of said latching selector, and a movable contact piece of said first switch means being connected to the input terminal of said frequency divider circuit.
  • each of said pedal keys corresponds to respective tones within at least two different octaves of the musical scale.

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  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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US865830A 1968-10-14 1969-10-13 Controled switching of octaves in an electronic musical instrument Expired - Lifetime US3598892A (en)

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3671659A (en) * 1970-04-06 1972-06-20 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Plural tone selector for an electronic musical instrument
US3775545A (en) * 1969-09-09 1973-11-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electronic musical instrument employing a sampling system as a coupler
US3806623A (en) * 1972-05-24 1974-04-23 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Single note selecting storage circuit
US3809790A (en) * 1973-01-31 1974-05-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Implementation of combined footage stops in a computor organ
US3826859A (en) * 1970-02-10 1974-07-30 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Electronic musical instrument with frequency-deviated pedal tone signal
US3835236A (en) * 1972-08-30 1974-09-10 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Apparatus for producing base tones in an electronic musical instrument
US3836692A (en) * 1971-10-25 1974-09-17 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Signal-selecting system for a keyboard type electronic musical instrument
US3906830A (en) * 1974-03-04 1975-09-23 Hammond Corp Monophonic electronic musical instrument
US3922943A (en) * 1973-11-12 1975-12-02 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Electronic musical instrument provided with a voltage-controlled monophonic playing section operated by a manual or pedal tone-playing section
US3954039A (en) * 1975-01-30 1976-05-04 C. G. Conn, Ltd. Chord selection system for a musical instrument
US4016792A (en) * 1974-03-04 1977-04-12 Hammond Corporation Monophonic electronic musical instrument
US4052924A (en) * 1976-08-09 1977-10-11 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co. Ltd. Interval repeat generator for keyboard musical instrument
US4170160A (en) * 1978-06-09 1979-10-09 Jong Guo Electronic musical instrument
US4379422A (en) * 1977-08-15 1983-04-12 Baldwin Piano & Organ Company Polyphonic electronic music system

Citations (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2922329A (en) * 1956-02-02 1960-01-26 Hammond Organ Co Electrical musical instrument with multiple utilization of tone signal sources
US3006228A (en) * 1957-11-14 1961-10-31 White James Paul Circuit for use in musical instruments
US3039346A (en) * 1956-05-14 1962-06-19 Baldwin Piano Co Sound distribution system
US3150228A (en) * 1960-06-09 1964-09-22 Gibbs Mfg & Res Corp Electronic musical instrument
US3155762A (en) * 1960-02-03 1964-11-03 Nat Res Dev Spectropolarimeters
US3317649A (en) * 1964-01-29 1967-05-02 Wurlitzer Co Manual control of electronic percussion generator with organ
US3358068A (en) * 1964-06-26 1967-12-12 Seeburg Corp Automatic rhythm device
US3488515A (en) * 1965-10-08 1970-01-06 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Circuit arrangement for selective and durable signal coupling
US3499091A (en) * 1967-02-10 1970-03-03 Baldwin Co D H Stepping rhythmic interpolater

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2922329A (en) * 1956-02-02 1960-01-26 Hammond Organ Co Electrical musical instrument with multiple utilization of tone signal sources
US3039346A (en) * 1956-05-14 1962-06-19 Baldwin Piano Co Sound distribution system
US3006228A (en) * 1957-11-14 1961-10-31 White James Paul Circuit for use in musical instruments
US3155762A (en) * 1960-02-03 1964-11-03 Nat Res Dev Spectropolarimeters
US3150228A (en) * 1960-06-09 1964-09-22 Gibbs Mfg & Res Corp Electronic musical instrument
US3317649A (en) * 1964-01-29 1967-05-02 Wurlitzer Co Manual control of electronic percussion generator with organ
US3358068A (en) * 1964-06-26 1967-12-12 Seeburg Corp Automatic rhythm device
US3488515A (en) * 1965-10-08 1970-01-06 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Circuit arrangement for selective and durable signal coupling
US3499091A (en) * 1967-02-10 1970-03-03 Baldwin Co D H Stepping rhythmic interpolater

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3775545A (en) * 1969-09-09 1973-11-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electronic musical instrument employing a sampling system as a coupler
US3826859A (en) * 1970-02-10 1974-07-30 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Electronic musical instrument with frequency-deviated pedal tone signal
US3671659A (en) * 1970-04-06 1972-06-20 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Plural tone selector for an electronic musical instrument
US3836692A (en) * 1971-10-25 1974-09-17 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Signal-selecting system for a keyboard type electronic musical instrument
US3806623A (en) * 1972-05-24 1974-04-23 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Single note selecting storage circuit
US3835236A (en) * 1972-08-30 1974-09-10 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Apparatus for producing base tones in an electronic musical instrument
US3809790A (en) * 1973-01-31 1974-05-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Implementation of combined footage stops in a computor organ
US3922943A (en) * 1973-11-12 1975-12-02 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Electronic musical instrument provided with a voltage-controlled monophonic playing section operated by a manual or pedal tone-playing section
US3906830A (en) * 1974-03-04 1975-09-23 Hammond Corp Monophonic electronic musical instrument
US4016792A (en) * 1974-03-04 1977-04-12 Hammond Corporation Monophonic electronic musical instrument
US3954039A (en) * 1975-01-30 1976-05-04 C. G. Conn, Ltd. Chord selection system for a musical instrument
US4052924A (en) * 1976-08-09 1977-10-11 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co. Ltd. Interval repeat generator for keyboard musical instrument
US4379422A (en) * 1977-08-15 1983-04-12 Baldwin Piano & Organ Company Polyphonic electronic music system
US4170160A (en) * 1978-06-09 1979-10-09 Jong Guo Electronic musical instrument

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