US3596894A - Method of blowing furnances and system for the carrying out of the method - Google Patents

Method of blowing furnances and system for the carrying out of the method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3596894A
US3596894A US782860A US3596894DA US3596894A US 3596894 A US3596894 A US 3596894A US 782860 A US782860 A US 782860A US 3596894D A US3596894D A US 3596894DA US 3596894 A US3596894 A US 3596894A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tuyere
obstruction
constriction
downstream
fuel
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US782860A
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English (en)
Inventor
Louis Duthion
Arsene Marzouvanlian
Robert Augustin Chaube
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LA SOC DE WENDEL
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LA SOC DE WENDEL
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Priority claimed from FR132105A external-priority patent/FR1558425A/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J23/00—Power drives for actions or mechanisms
    • B41J23/02—Mechanical power drives
    • B41J23/04—Mechanical power drives with driven mechanism arranged to be clutched to continuously- operating power source
    • B41J23/08—Mechanical power drives with driven mechanism arranged to be clutched to continuously- operating power source by one-revolution or part-revolution clutches
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C21B5/003—Injection of pulverulent coal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]

Definitions

  • This method comprises of introducing the supplemental fuel into said tuyere zone and admixing the same with the air flowing through the tuyere zone; maintaining at least one lower velocity turbulent zone in said tuyere zone, said lower velocity being in respect to the velocity of the flowing air and supplemental fuel admixture, said lower velocity turbulent zone initiating and sustaining the combustion of said fuel; and controlling the amount of supplemental fuel consumed in the tuyere by varying the distance of the turbulent zone in respect to the zone at which the air flow exists from said tuyere.
  • Apparatus illustrating various flow retarding devices and thus flame source and fuel combustion control means also have been disclosed.
  • One of the purposes of the present invention is to assure the complete combustion of the supplemented fuel at the very outlet of the tuyeres or to complete the combustion in the turbulent zones which are established in the vicinity of the downstream end of the said tuyeres.
  • the main object of the present invention is a method by which at least the original source of the flame in the tuyere is stabilized by establishing the ignition at a suitable, possibly adjustable, point in order to protect the tuyere, first, against the influence ofthe combustion; and second, to establish the frac tion of the supplemental fuel which is burned in the tuyere itself, which fraction may now amount to the entire amount of said fuel.
  • the means for accelerating the flow of gas in the vicinity of the outlet orifices of supplemental fuel consists of either a physical constriction or neck or of an aerodynamic constriction.
  • the physical constriction may be made in known manner, for instance, by imparting a suitable shape to the walls of the tuyere or by providing in the tuyere a divergent-convergent body with solidwalls which is preferably coaxial to the tuyere.
  • the latter can be provided with means for discharging the supplemental fuel.
  • means which can be contemplated for igniting the mixture of gas and supplemental fuel are either a displacement towards the furnace in which better ignition conditions prevail or any other auxiliary device which leaves the stabilizing means stationary, for instance pyrotechnical or electrical ignition.
  • the means for fixing the point of origin or source of the flame at a given spot consists of at least one solid obstacle or at least one fluid obstacle located downstream of the discharge orifice of the supplemental fuel.
  • an additional wall can be provided therein spaced from the tuyere towards the inside thereof and extending from the downstream end ofthe said tuyere at least up to the means for the discharge of the addition fuel.
  • a chamber followed by an expansion nozzle is provided therein.
  • the additional refinement consists in the use of a solid obstruction which does not have these drawbacks, i.e., which obstruction permits the igniting of the gaseous mixture and the fixing of the point of origin of the flame at a given place in accordance with the above-disclosed method, but which obstruction does not thereby encumber the center of the tuyere and which can be cooled by the cooling system of the tuyere itself.
  • FIGS, 1 to 10 represent in cross section various embodiments of the invention along the lines I-l, IlII...X-X, respectively, of FIGS. la to 10a;
  • FIGS. la to on and 9a are end view of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 and 9, respectively;
  • FIGS. 7a, 8a and 10a are sections along the lines X-X, Y-Y and Z-Z of FIGS. 7, 8, and 10, respectively;
  • FIG. 11 is a reproduction of FIG. l in which symbols of geometrical and physical magnitudes are added;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of a blast tuyere ofa furnace fed with an addition fuel and provided with an obstacle incorporated in the wall of the tuyere;
  • FIG. 13 is a cross section through the tuyere along the line "-11 of FIG. 12;
  • FIG. 14 is a view similar to FIG, 13 of a variant of an obstacle in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGS. 15 and 116 are transverse and longitudinal sections through an obstacle of conical shape and its cooling system along the line IV-lV of FIG. 16 and along the line c-V of FIG. 15, respectively;
  • FIG. I7 is a view along the arrow F of the obstacle shown in FIG. 16.
  • FIG. I shows a tuyere ll whose downstream end 2 discharges into a furnace (not shown).
  • the tuyere I has a constriction or a neck 3 and is provided with at least one injector 4 whose discharge orifice 5 is located in the diametral plane of the neck or its immediate vicinity downstream of the latter.
  • a solid constriction 6 which is substantially coaxial to the tuyere and flared from upstream direction to downstream direction is held by shaped arms 7 at a position located between the neck 3 and the end 2.
  • the arms 7 are shaped so as not to produce a wake which might give rise to and maintain a secondary or parasitic flame.
  • the operation is as follows:
  • the speed of the gases passing through the tuyere increases through the constriction 3 which favors the mixing of these gases with the supplemental or. addition fuel discharged at 5 and the discharge itself.
  • the resultant mixture is ignited by one of the means indicated above, for instance in the vicinity of the downstream face 8 of the obstruction 6, primarily due to the radiation of the material contained in the furnace.
  • the flame remains fixed in position due to the recycling to the face 8 of the hot gases supplied by the flame itself. which gases maintain and support the flame at said place.
  • the eddies of gas can be formed at least in part of gases coming from the furnace.
  • This zone constitutes the hottest zone of the flow and therefore maintains the point of ignition at this place.
  • the single solid obstruction 6 is replaced by a plurality of obstructions 6a to 6e of a shape similar to that of the obstruction 6. held in position respectively by shaped arms such as 7a and 7d.
  • the obstructions 8a and 8b are annular and substantially coaxial to the tuyere l to which they are connected by shaped arms such as 70 and 7d. Along an axial plane, each of the obstructions is flared outwardly in downstream direction.
  • the obstruction is toroidal and is connected to the tuyere by conduits 10a and 10b which extend into the walls of the tuyere and are transversed, as is also the obstruction 9, by a cooling fluid.
  • the introduction of the supplemental fuel is effected, as in the previous embodiments, via an injector II which, in FIG. 4, is shown shifted 90 with respect to the injectors 4 of FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • COnduits such as 10a and 10b can also be combined with the obstructions 8a and 8b of FIG. 3 which, in that case, are hollow and cooled by the circulation of the fluid.
  • a complementary wall 12 is arranged within the tuyere.
  • This wall is substantially coaxial to the tuyere and together with the wall 2a defines an annular space 13.
  • the wall 12 extends axially at least up to the discharge orifice 5 s0-that the mixing of the gas and the fuel take place on the inside of the complementary wall 12.
  • the latter is cooled by the circulating in the space 13 ofa cooling fluid which, in the present case, consists of a fraction of the gases passing through the tuyere. It can be seen that upstream of the constriction, these gases are much less hot than they are downstream thereof due to the combustion of their mixture with the addition fuel.
  • the constriction does not consist of a deformation of the wall 2a but a solid body 14 which is divergent-convergent from upstream to downstream and is connected by a rod 15 to the obstruction 6.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that the assembly of the members l4, l5, 6, 7a to 7c can be put in place from upstream to downstream, while in the preceding embodiments, the obstructions are advantageously introduced into the tuyere or into the complementary wall 12 from the downstream end.
  • this assembly can also be introduced from the upstream end.
  • the sealing jacket I2 connected by means, not shown in the drawing, to the wall of the tuyere.
  • the obstruction in this variant is aerodynamic. that is to say consists ofjets 0f fluids such as 15, exiting from orifices such as 16 provided in the wall 12 and connected to conduits such as 17.
  • the turbulent zone 8 is formed in the wake of the jets such as 15 and the turbulent zone such as 8 is heated by radiation from the furnace to a temperature sufficient to cause the igniting ofthe mixture.
  • the fluids are discharged from the orifices 16 under pressure and may be air, steam or any inert gas or vapor.
  • supplemental fuels in gaseous or vapor form. If this supplement fuel is a liquid or a pulverulent solid, it is fed by a gas or a vapor under pressure such as those mentioned above which serves as vehicle for it and withthe fuel forms and additional combustion supporting mixture. Hence. these fuels are designated supplemental or addition fuels.
  • the ignition can take place spontaneously when the temperature of the gases, due to the radiation of the material contained in the furnace is sufficiently high. Otherwise, an ignition device known per se, is used.
  • the obstruction I8 is a bulb which is divergent-convergent from upstream to downstream and has a downstream face 19.
  • the supplemental fuel is discharged through at least one orifice such as 20 located in or preferably in the downstream vicinity of the diametral plane of the constriction 21.
  • This orifice is fed through a conduit such as 22, a manifold 23 and tubes such as 24.
  • the conduits 22 are advantageously provided in the arms 25.
  • FIG. 10 is more particularly adapted to a flow of blast gases, the speed of which is at least equal to Mach 0.4.
  • the tuyere Downstream of the constriction 3, the tuyere comprises a chamber 26 at the inlet to which the obstruction 6 is arranged. This chamber, which makes it possible substantially to reduce the speed offlow, is followed by an expansion nozzle 27 the dimensions of which are such as to obtain the desired velocity of discharge of the blast gases into the furnace.
  • FIG. 11 shows an embodiment which has already been described in connection with FIG. 1-.
  • symbols of physical magnitudes such as velocity of flow of the blast gases, for instance, and symbols of the geometric dimensions.
  • THese symbols have the following meaning:
  • L is the distance from the orifice for the discharge of the addition fuel to the downstream end of the tuyere.
  • Ve is the axial velocity of flow of the blast gases.
  • Vn is the normal velocity of combustion at the flame front.
  • R is half the hydraulic diameter of the tuyere.
  • r is half the external hydraulic diameter of the obstruction.
  • the apparatus which is illustrated in the above figures shows that the flame of addition fuel originates in the blast tuyere and is stabilized by ignition at a suitable place which may be adjustable.
  • This method of operating the blast furnace makes it possible to assure the complete combustion of the addition or supplemental fuel at the very outlet of the tuyeres or to complete the combustion in the turbulent zones which are established in the vicinity of the downstream of the said tuyeres.
  • the amount of supplemental fuel can be increased and a costly fuel normally required can thus be replaced by another, cheaper fuel.
  • the efficiency of the furnace is also increased since it is possible to increase the temperature of the blast and its concomitant overoxygenation.
  • the apparatus of the invention comprises, in combination, means for causing a gaseous fluid to pass through the tuyere towards the furnace (generally compressors), means for discharging the addition fuel into the gas passing through the tuyere (injection tubes or orifices), means for accelerating the flow of gas in the tuyere in the vicinity of the discharge orifree of the addition fuel (physical or aerodynamic constrictions) and finally means for igniting the mixture of gas and addition fuel and fixing the point of origin of the flame at a specified location.
  • means for causing a gaseous fluid to pass through the tuyere towards the furnace generally compressors
  • means for discharging the addition fuel into the gas passing through the tuyere injection tubes or orifices
  • means for accelerating the flow of gas in the tuyere in the vicinity of the discharge orifree of the addition fuel physical or aerodynamic constrictions
  • means for igniting the mixture of gas and addition fuel and fixing the point of origin of the flame at a specified location are
  • the refinement type of obstruction in accordance with the invention is formed ofa protuberance of the wall ofthe tuyere itself which is integral with the inner ring thereof and cooled by the same means as cool the tuyere, the major part of the outlet section of the tuyere thus remaining free and accessible for freeing with a rake if needed.
  • Numerous variants of ob structions can be conceived in accordance with the present refinement, but for each obstruction, such dimensions must be provided that the obstruction to the flow of the gas stream is sufficient to cause the separating thereof from the wall so that there can be produced in this separation zone a turbulent flow of low linear velocity of the gaseous flow in which the flame is stabilized.
  • the dimensions of the obstruction must also be such that the stream of gas recirculates or comes back to the wall so as to prevent the separation zone being filled with gas intruding from outside of the combustion zone. Finally, it is necessary that the dimensions and the position of the obstruction, with respect to the discharge plane of the tuyere, permit the gaseous mixture to ignite in the separation zone by the mere radiation from the heat of the furnace.
  • the obstructions in accordance with the invention may have the most varied shapes, though, keeping in mind the es sential requirements of flame source and. flame maintenance and control. Each shape is characterized by the profile and the cross section of the obstruction.
  • One particularly advantageous shape for the obstruction in accordance with the present invention consists of a sector of a cylindrical-ogival body, the cylindrical portion being located downstream of the ogival portion; more generally, with the obstruction terminat ing in a face perpendicular to the axis of the tuyere.
  • the cone angle of the ogival portion, its length measured along the axis of the tuyere, the length of the cylindrical portion measured along this same axis, as well as the distance from the downstream base of the cylinder to the section of the nose of the tuyere are selected as a function of the speed of the blast in the tuyere in such a manner that the stream ofgas is separated from the wall of the obstruction at the downstream base of the cylinder returns to the wall of the tuyere in the vicinity of the nose thereof, thus, permitting the ignition ofthe gases in the separation zone due to the heat radiated by the furnace.
  • the cone angle of the ogival portion should be between l and 30 and that the surface of the sector of the base of the cylinder forming the obstruction should not exceed 30 percent of the total section ofthe tuyere.
  • a variant of this type of obstruction is obtained by breaking off the edges of the obstruction; in this case, a better structure of the flame is obtained.
  • the edges of the obstruction may have different inclinations, and the cross section of the obstruction may, for instance, be trapezoidal, rectangular. triangular, etc.
  • the placing of an electric resistor is possible in a tube fastened to the bottom of the curvature of the tuyere, said tube passing through the wall of the tuyere at the level of the obstruction in the cooling conduit and exiting into the tuyere downstream of the obstruction.
  • a tube can also serve for measuring devices in the separation zone (thermometer, pressure gauge or the like).
  • the cooling of the obstruction is effected by a liquid, generally water, which circulates by forced circulation in the cooling circuit.
  • This circuit may be common to the tuyere and to the obstructions or be separated into two portions, one of which is intended to cool the tuyere and the other to cool the obstruction. This latter manner of cooling is adopted when the temperature of the surface of the obstruction under the operating conditions ofthe tuyere is very high.
  • the downstream end ofthe tuyere is formed ofa pipe 121 on which there is fastened a part 311 formed of two shells, between which water flows in the annular zone 41.
  • the inner shell of part 31 has a protuberance 511 which is integral with it and is cooled by forced circulation of water, the entrance of which is shown schematically at m and the outlet at 71.
  • the tuyere is equipped with an injection or fuel introduction tube 811 and a tube 91 which passes through the annular cooling zone and discharges into the tuyere downstream ofthe obstacle in the separation zone 104.
  • the blast blows in the tuyere in the direction indicated by the arrows llll it produces a fuel mixture with the fuel injected through the tube 81 and which then encounters the obstacle 51.
  • the gaseous stream separates from the obstacle at I12 and then returns to the wall of the tuyere at 113, thus, creating a turbulent or separation zone 101, where the linear speed of the gases is low and where the mixture can ignite and the flame be stabilized; to assist in the ignition of the mixture an electric resistor can be arranged within the tube 91.
  • the latter can also be used for measurements of temperature or removal of samples of gas.
  • the obstacle 51 has been made flush on its edges at 51a so as to improve the stability of the flame.
  • the obstacle 114 which is a portion of a hollow cylindrical-ogival solid, is cooled by a conduit system which is specific to it, the water introduced at 116 to cool the obstacle 114 emerging again at 117 independently of the cooling water of the tuyere itselfwhich flows in the annular zone 118,
  • a tuyere for a blast furnace having means for introduction of supplemental fuel and a convergent-divergent section formed by the walls thereof comprising in combination in a section thereof, downstream of the means for introduction of supplemental fuel and upstream from the downstream, furnace exit end of the tuyere, a turbulence introducing obstruction or constriction means, a section of said means defining an initial flame point for the supplemental fuel, the initial flame point defining section of said constriction means, in reference to the furnace exit of tuyere being located at a distance based on amount of supplemental fuel burned in the tuyere.
  • axial flow constriction means consist of a number of individual constrictions of axial and concentric solid, conical annuli attached to the walls of the tuyere by holding means.
  • constriction means is a constriction means having a divergent-convergent section protruding axially and upstream from the flame point defining constriction means.
  • L is the distance from the discharge orifice of the addition fuel to the downstream exit end of the tuyere
  • A is the spray distance
  • Ve is the axial velocity of flow of the blast gases
  • Vn is the normal combustion velocity at the flame front
  • R is half the hydraulic diameter of the tuyere
  • r is half the outer hydraulic diameter of the obstruction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)
US782860A 1967-12-13 1968-12-11 Method of blowing furnances and system for the carrying out of the method Expired - Lifetime US3596894A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR132105A FR1558425A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-12-13 1967-12-13
FR150159A FR95501E (fr) 1967-12-13 1968-04-30 Procédé perfectionné de soufflage des fours et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé.

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US3596894A true US3596894A (en) 1971-08-03

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US (1) US3596894A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT296356B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE725270A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR95501E (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1257320A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
LU (1) LU57529A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6817936A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE339696B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3771473A (en) * 1971-01-20 1973-11-13 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Tuyere for a blast furnace and a method for operating the tuyere to atomize combustible material fed into the tuyere by a shock wave
US3809524A (en) * 1971-07-08 1974-05-07 Raffinage Cie Francaise Injection of liquid fuels into shaft furnaces
US3844767A (en) * 1972-02-12 1974-10-29 P Rheinlander Method of operating a blast furnace
US4490171A (en) * 1982-03-31 1984-12-25 Kobe Steel, Limited Method and apparatus for injecting pulverized fuel into a blast furnace
US20040240518A1 (en) * 2001-10-30 2004-12-02 Francesso Memoli Device and method for discrete and continuous measurement of the temperature of molten metal in a furnance or recepient for its production or treatment

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2900791B1 (fr) * 2006-05-10 2010-05-28 Emily Godet de chargement et de dechargement
CN112574761B (zh) * 2020-12-30 2024-07-09 中冶焦耐(大连)工程技术有限公司 一种实现无烟装煤的焦炉炉顶结构

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US982244A (en) * 1909-10-11 1911-01-24 Ore Desulphurization Company Twyer.
US1870511A (en) * 1931-08-28 1932-08-09 John C Hopkins Tuyere

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US982244A (en) * 1909-10-11 1911-01-24 Ore Desulphurization Company Twyer.
US1870511A (en) * 1931-08-28 1932-08-09 John C Hopkins Tuyere

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3771473A (en) * 1971-01-20 1973-11-13 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Tuyere for a blast furnace and a method for operating the tuyere to atomize combustible material fed into the tuyere by a shock wave
US3809524A (en) * 1971-07-08 1974-05-07 Raffinage Cie Francaise Injection of liquid fuels into shaft furnaces
US3844767A (en) * 1972-02-12 1974-10-29 P Rheinlander Method of operating a blast furnace
US4490171A (en) * 1982-03-31 1984-12-25 Kobe Steel, Limited Method and apparatus for injecting pulverized fuel into a blast furnace
US20040240518A1 (en) * 2001-10-30 2004-12-02 Francesso Memoli Device and method for discrete and continuous measurement of the temperature of molten metal in a furnance or recepient for its production or treatment
US7140765B2 (en) * 2001-10-30 2006-11-28 Techint Compagnia Tecnica Internazionale S.P.A. Device and method for discrete and continuous measurement of the temperature of molten metal in a furnace or recepient for its production or treatment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6817936A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-06-17
BE725270A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-06-11
DE1814615A1 (de) 1969-07-10
FR95501E (fr) 1971-01-22
LU57529A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-04-05
SE339696B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-10-18
GB1257320A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-12-15
AT296356B (de) 1972-02-10

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