US359491A

US359491A - bagger

Info

Publication number: US359491A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1887-03-15
Anticipated expiration: 1904-03-15

Description

(No Model.) I

L. BAG-GER. PRIMER FOR IGNITING EXPLOSIVES.

Patented Mar. 15, 1887.

WHEEESSEE 5 UNITED STATES PATENT Fries,

LOUISBAGGER, OF \YASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ASSlGXOlt OF ONE-HALF TO AUGUST PETERSON, OF SAME PLACE.

. "PRIMERFOROIGNIITI'XNG exeLosives.

SPECIFICATION forming-part of Letters Patent No. 359,491, dated March 15, 18 87. Applied tier] filed January Ill, 1887. Serial No. 226,0l0. (No model.)

T0 all whom it may concern.- Be itknownthat I, LoUIs BAGGER, a citi- "zen of the United States, and a resident of the city of Vashington, in the District of Columbia, have invented a certain new and useful Device for Igniting Err-plosives and other Oombustibles; and Ido hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable-others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and usethe same, reference being had to Q the accompanying drawings, which forma 7 part of this specification. My invention relates more particularly to r5 an improved method of igniting the explosive charge in shells and torpedoes through thedirect action of the water in which the shell may drop, or in which the torpedo (whether stationary or movable) is immersed. It may also beused with advantage,however, inlife-buoys life-rafts, or other life-saving apparatus; for the purpose of igniting signal-lights, sounding high-water alarms,'and for numerous other purposes where it is desired to ignite an explosive charge or other combustible material I instantaneously through the direct action of water; and for this purpose it makes no difference whether the water is salt or fresh, so

that my invention is equally well adapted for 0 use on the open ocean and on inland lakes and rivers.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown my invention as applied to an explosive projectile and to an anchored or stationary torpedo, viz: 1

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a shell provided with my so-called waterprimer. Figs. 2, 3, and 4 illustrate some of the difl'erent methods of protecting the waterprimer in the shell. Fig. 5 is a sectional detail view of a fuse for shells, torpedoes, or other purposes equipped with my water-primer; and Fig. 6 is an illustration of my invention as applied to a (stationary) torpedo.

Like lctters of reference denote co rresponding parts in all the figures.

At the outset I will state that one of the advantages of my improvement is that it may be applied to all kinds of explosive shells, without regard to whetherthese are equipped with percussiofr-primers or with time-fuses. In

- drogen, (1L0) Ol'such materials severalarc such cases, who're the primary object is to explode the shell at the moment of contact with the shipor other object aimed at, my improvement assumes the form of an auxiliary device 5 5 for causing the explosion of the shell if it 7 drops into the water.

Experience with target practice with heavy ordnance has demonstrated the difiiculty'of squarely hitting a movable. target, such as an 6 iron-clad vessel or other ship moving rapidly under steam, and it frequently happens that the shell either falls a little too short of its mark or goes a little too far beyond it, or it may drop into the water a little ahead or astcrn, in 6 either of which cases it will simply sink to the bottom without doing any damage either to the ship directly aimed at or to surrounding boats. l

, Now, by providing ashellwith my auxiliary 7O fuse, or water-primer, asIcallit, Ido not in the least interferewith the prompt erplosiou of the shell by percussion if -it does strike the vessel; but it, through failure of the percussion device to act, it should drop from the side of the ship into the water without exploding,

' or it, through error of aim or from other causes,

it should not hit the ship at all, but drop in th'c water, then my method and device will cause, the shell to explode instantly the moment itfso reaches the water, scatteringits fragments over i a large area of water-surface, and subjecting vessels ata considerable distance oven to the disastrous effects of the air-wave or concussion resulting from the explosion of a charge of dy 3 namite or other powerful explosive with which the shell may be charged on the surface of the water. If one of these shells should drop in thewateriulhcmidst oi aflolillaol gunboats or torpedo-boats, for example, without hilling any one of them, it will instantly explode and probably prove far more dcstruclivcthan if it had struck any one of the boats comprising the iicet. I accomplish this object byproviding the shell with an auxiliary or supplemental fuse and priming the same with material which possesses a stronger chemical al'linil'y l'or oxygen than the alliuily which exists between the i two components 0twatcr\'ix.,oxygen andhyknown to chemistry, among others sodium, (NaJ-strontiuin, (Sn) and potassium, (IL) tassiunr (K,OO,) and charcoal at a white heat in an iron retort.

1 be used, if desired.

is in contact with the powder in the fuse.

, the drawings. In Fig. 2 I have shown a plug,

v as improved by Maresca and Dorin, by the shell comes in contact with the water. And,

The last-named metal is particularly adapted to my purpose, owing toits excessive chemical affinity for oxygen, and as it is a commercial product which can readily be obtained I useit in preference to other material. This material is known in chemistry by the symbol K, (equiv. 39, sp. gr. 0.865,) andis one of the most interesting alkaline metals. It is usuallyolr tained by the so-called Briinner process,

distillation of a mixture'of carbonate of polt floats on water,which it instantly decomposes on account of its great. aiiinity for oxygen, with the following reaction: II,-l-2Il,O= KHOl-H,. The evolved hydrogen is kindled by the heat developed by the action and burns with a violet or rose-colored flame as long as anymetal remains, while the hydrate is retained in solution.

My so-called water-prinie1" consists in a thin plug, disk, or film of this material or its equivalent, asshown at A on the-drawings. The letter B denotes the body of the shell, which may be of any desired shape or co11- struction and charged with any suitable explosive, and O is the usual percussion device and primer, instead of which a tiine-fuse'may The auxiliary fuse may be made by simply boring a hole through the shell, as at 1), leading to the chamber E, containing the explosive material, and charging this hole with gunpowder, gun-cotton, or any other suitable explosive. In my experiments I have used quickly-burning gunpowder with very satisfactory results. The-hole and fuse are then plugged or covered with athin disk or film of potassium, as shown at A, whieh,,to protect it fromvoxidation, may be placed in a glass tube, G,'open on the'lower side, whercit If the shells are to be stored for any considerable length of time before using, a thin film or coating of paraifine, petroleum-paste, or similar material containing a minimum of oxygen in its chemical composition may be applied to the under side of the disk of potassium, as indicated at H. .W'hen this is used it will effectually prevent oxidation of the under side of the primer-disk, which is exposed to the gunpowder in the fuse.

\ Instead of using the device shown in Fig. 1 for protecting the water-primer from the action of the atmospheric air, other devices may be employed for the same purpose, and some of these are illustrated on Figs. 2, 3, and 4 of F, fitting airtight in the aperture D and bearserted in said aperture. When the shell is to be fired, this plug is removed; or it may he made of material which will befractured by the explosion when the shell is fired from the cannon; or it may be of some soluble material which will dissolve instantaneously when the agaip, in Fig. 3 the potassium primer is proor it may be of material which will be iustantancously dissolved when the shell touches water. For practical purposes, where this method is adopted for thepurpose of protecting the water-primer, I have found that a piece of canvas treated with a composition of paraffine, rock-oil, and cement will answer the put" pose admirably, and will protect the waterprimer for an indefinite length of time. Vhen the shell is fired, this plaster can readily be torn off, so as to expose the primer to the action' of the water. Again, in Fig. 4 I have shown the shell constructed with a primer consisting of a complete fuse fittinginto the aperture D, into which it is not inserted until the moment when the shell is to be fired. IVhere that construction is to be adopted, these fuses, primed with potassium, are kept separatefrom the shells one being inserted in each shell as it is required.

In Fig. 4. I have indicatedby dotted lines (marked with adotted D,) how the fuse-channel I may be made to communicate with the percussion-primer instead of with the chamber E in the body of the shell, and in Fig. 2 I have shown how the primer may be used in combi nation with-a time-fuse by drilling a hole, 1),

which communicates with the time-fuse. Thus it will be seen that my deviee'may be used in ICC the chemical action of the exposed primer A results in the instantaneous explosion of the shell the moment the primer touches the water through the chemical reaction hereinbefore referred to-that is to say, the primer is instantly ignited, (or, to be more exact, it ignites thehydrogen of the water which is liberated by the chemical affinity between the potasslum and the oxygen of the water, or, as we have seen, K, 2H.,O 2 KHO H fithe heat beingmore than sufficient to ignite the fuse and explode the charge within the shell even before this has been completely immersed in the water. By graduating the thickness of the primer-disk, however, the fuse may be so constructed, if desired, that explosion will not takeplace until the sh mersed.

In Fig. 6 I have outlined how my invention may be applied for the purpose of-exploding a torpedo, the letter I denoting the body of the torpedo, and J the fuse, which may conveniently be constructed of a piece of gas-pipe filled with any suitable material adapted to be used as a fuse. or tube J, however, is made of glass or other fragile material, and inside ofthis is placed a suitable quantityof the water-primer. I pre- The upper part,J,of the pipe ell been fully imfer to use a glass tube, like a barometer-tube, sealed at the top and filled or partially filled with potassium, care being taken that the glass tube is connected water-tight to the metallic tube or fuse, so that water can only enter the device and ignite the potassium if the glass tube is broken or fractured. This will happen, however, when a vessel passes over it and touches the glass tube, which will then instantly be broken, thus exposing the potassium to the action of the water, when an instantaneous explosion follows. If the torpedo and fuse are made properly, so as to be impervious to water, a torpedo of this construction may beimmcrsed any length of time without deterioratingitiu the least. And, again, it is exceedinglyditiicult to pick up these torpedoes by means of the so-eallcd torpedo finders," because the least touch of a pole will break off the glass end of the fuse, and thus so that a roman-candle or signal-light will be.

ignited through the direct action of the water the moment the oy is thrown into the water; or it may be used in the construction of shells filled with a suitable combustible and adapted to float on the water and primed with one of my water-primers, so that the shell will take fire when it strikes the water, and when its contents become ignited and the burning shell is floating around on the surface of the water it will serve as a light to expose the position of an enemy s vessels among which these shells are thrown. The very many purposes where my water-primer may be applied to ad vantage in warfare as well as in the peaceful arts will very readily suggest themselves, and do not require enumeration here.

Having thus described my invention, 1 claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States:

1. A primer for igniting combustible or explosive compounds, the igniting-charge of which is composed of potassium or an equivalent material having a stronger chemical affiiiity for oxygen than the afiinity which exists between oxygen and hydrogen in the formation of water, whereby such primer is ignited on contact with water.

2. The combination, with an explosive shell, of a primer or igniting device composed of material possessing a stronger chemical affinity for ox 'gen than the affinity which exists between oxygen and hydrogen in the formation of water, whereby the shell is exploded on contact with water.

3. The combination, with an explosive shell, of a primer or igniting device composed wholly or in partof the metalknown as potassium, whereby the shell is exploded on contact with water.

4. The combination, with an explosive shell and aprimcrtherefor havinganigniting-charge composed of potassium or an equivalent material having a stronger chemical affinity for oxygen than the aflinity which exists between oxygen and hydrogen in the formation of water, of an air and water proof covering for protecting such primer, as set forth.

5. The combination, with a percussionprimer of any desired construction, of an igniting device composed of material possessing a stronger chemical affinity for oxygen than the affinity which exists between oxygen and hydrogen in the formation of water, whereby such primer is exploded on contact of the igniting device with water.

-tl. The combination, with a percnssionprimer of any desired construction, of an igniting device composed wholly or in part of the metal known as potassium, whereby the primer is detonated by contact of the igniting device with water. v

7. The combination, with a percussion timefuse of any desired construction, of an igniting device composed of material possessing a stronger chemical afiinity for oxygen than the afiiuity which exists between oxygen and hydrogen in the formation of water, whereby such fuse is fired on contact of the firing device with water. a

8. The combination, with a percussion timefuse of any desired construction, of an igniting device composed wholly or in part of the metal known as potassium,wliereby on contact of the potassium with water the fuse is ignited, as set forth.

9. Afuseadaptedtobeignitedby contactwith water, consisting of any suitable combustible material confined in whole or in part within a tube or other envelope and provided with a primer or igniting device inclosed within or covered by an envelope of suitable material, said primer or igniting device whereby the fuse is ignited being composed of material possessing a stronger chemical atlinity for oxygen than the affinity which exists between oxygen and hydrogen in the formation of water.

10. A fuse adapted to be ignited by contact with water, consisting of any suitable combustible material confined in whole or in part within a tube or other envelope and provided with a primer or igniting device inclosed within or covered by an envelope of suitable material, said primer or igniting whereby the fuse is ignited being composed wholly or in part of the metal known as potassium.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereunto affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

LOUIS BAQGGERV \Vi tnesses:

ARTHUR L. MoR'sE L, BENNETT S. J oNEs."

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