US359063A - Helmine deseuelles - Google Patents

Helmine deseuelles Download PDF

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US359063A
US359063A US359063DA US359063A US 359063 A US359063 A US 359063A US 359063D A US359063D A US 359063DA US 359063 A US359063 A US 359063A
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vessel
ebonite
liquid
carbon
battery
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by the material
    • H01M50/117—Inorganic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by the material
    • H01M50/121—Organic material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • lllllll u may/2%" UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
  • My invention consists of certain improvements in electric batteries designed to yield a maximum amount of electric energy with a minimum weight, to secure a tight closure and to prevent the escape of liquid or liquids.
  • my improved battery is a battery with two liquids, one being an exciting-liquid employed for dissolving the soluble electrode, the other a depolarizingliquid,whose function it is to effect the absorption of the hydrogen set free during the process of electrolysis.
  • The'exciting-liquid which I employ is composed of one thousand grams of water, three hundred grams'bf sulphuric acid at 66, maceratedfor eight days or a week with peroxide of manganese, eight grams of bisulphate, or sulphate of peroxide of mercury, one gram of colza oil, and two grains of glycerine.
  • the depolarizing-liquid is composed of one thousand grams of water, with the addition of from onehundred grams to one thousand grams of bichromate of soda, according to the depolarizing power it is desired to obtain, and a quantity of sulphuric acid at (36 specific gravity, always equal to the quantity of bichromate of soda.
  • This sulphuric acid is soaked or macerated with peroxide of manganese for about one month before it is used. To this mixture is added about one quarter of its weight of nitric acid at about 40 specific gravity.
  • the reaction of the sulphuric acid on the peroxide of manganese produces sulphate of manganese.
  • the zinc employed as the soluble electrode is carefully covered before being introduced into the exciting-liquid prepared,as hereinbefore described, with a coating composed of one 11 undred grams of tallow, twenty-five grams of parafflne, and three hundred grams of mercury, ground or pounded together.
  • the zinc may be allowed to remain for a considerable period in the exciting-liq uid without being appreciably attacked when the circuit is open. ⁇ Vhen the circuit is closed,
  • the negative electrode of the battery is constituted by plates of carbon prepared by soaking them in water containing a small quantity of sugar. When dried, these plates of carbon are afterward passed over a smoky flame, so that the sugar they contain melts and is converted into burnt sugar or caramel. This renders adhesive the particles of carbon which are deposited upon the plates when they are passed over the flame. Such preparation greatlyincreases the depolarizing capacity of the carbon electrodes.
  • the carbon plates being, moreover, provided with a certain number of grooves, as hereinafter explained, their superficial area, and consequently their depolarizing capacity, is further increased to a considerable extent.
  • FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings represents a vertical section of aportable electricbattery cell or element constructed according to this invention.
  • Fig. 2 represents an in verted sectional plan ofthe battery.
  • Fig. 3 shows the battery in plan, and
  • Fig. 4 illus trates in side View and section the preferred form of carbon element used in my battery.
  • This portable battery is composed of an external vessel, A, in the form of a cube, and made of ebonite, glass, porcelain, or any other material capable of resisting the action of the acids.
  • This vessel is provided with a flange, a, extending all round its upper edge, and to which is applied and secured by bolts or screws a cover, 13, of ebonite hermetically closing the external vessel by means of a caoutchcuc or rubber packing-ring interposed between the cover and the flange on the vessel.
  • This cover presents a circular opening in its center, ad
  • a porous vessel 0, of cylindrical shape, the upper edge of which is provided with a flange, c, the under surface of this flange resting upon the cover.
  • the flange on the porous vessel is entirely covered by a rubber ring or band, which laps round it in such a manner as to pack or fill the joint between the flange and the cover and also between the upper surface of the flange and an ebonite disk, I), which closes the porous vessel.
  • a metal disk, D for the purpose of imparting greater rigidity to the ebonite disk, being itself provided in the middle with a strengthening rib or web.
  • This rib or web are in the form of lugs d, presenting slots in opposite directions, so as to form a species of bayonet-joint by engaging with two pillars, 6, provided with tightening nuts.
  • These nuts when tightened, press the ebonite disk b onto the rubber packing between it and the flange c on the porous vessel, and at the same time press the flange 0 onto the packing interposed between the latter and the ebonite cover B, thus accurately closing both the porous vessel 0 and the ebonite vessel A.
  • the ebonite disk which closes the porous vessel is attached to the metal disk, covering it by four copper rods, 15, screwed at both ends. These four rods descend a short distance into the porous vessel beneath the ebonite disk and support the four zinc plates L, which are screwed to the said rods.
  • Each copper rod is entirely protected by an india-rubber tube at the part where it enters the porous Vessel. The lower end of this tube comes in contact with the upper edge of the zinc plate at the 7 part where it is screwed to the rod, and effectually protects the latter from contact with the acid liquid contained in the porous vessel.
  • the paraffine prevents the corrosive liquid contained in the ebonite vessel from attacking the lead and the head of the bolt, so that the connection between the latter and the carbon is renderedindestructible.
  • the shank of each boltsupporting the carbon plates projects on the outside of the ebonite vessel, and is provided with a screw-thread for the reception of a nut, which draws the bolt tight by being screwed up against a copper hoop surrounding the vessel and serving to connect all the bolts. By these means all the carbons are joined in quantity.
  • a caoutchouc washer is placed over each bolt between the carbon plate and the side of the vessel for the purpose of preventing leakage of the liquid from taking place at this point, and also protecting the shanks of the bolts. This arrangement also has the advantage of imparting a certain degree of elasticity to the points of suspension of the carbon plates, and renders the latter less liable to break under sudden movements.
  • the copper hoop f connecting all the bolts, is connected to a strip, f, of the same metal, which is bent over the cover of the cell, Fig. 3, and is fixed thereto by a terminal or binding screw, F.
  • a terminal or binding screw, G which forms the negative pole of the cell.
  • a hole, 0, is made in the metal disk and in the ebonite disk, and this hole is closed by a stopper provided with a very fine perforation, serving for the escape of the gases generated in the porous vessel.
  • a similar hole, 0, is formed near one corner of the cover B, closing the ebonite vessel A.
  • This hole is provided with a stopper likewise perforated with a very fine orifice, through which the gases produced in the external vessel escape.
  • the operations of charging and discharging the battery may evidently be performed with great facility.
  • the porous vessel After introducing into 77 the external vessel a suitable quantity of the depolarizing-liquid the porous vessel is introduced through the central opening, having been previously filled with the exciting-liquid.
  • the zinc plates are then inserted into the porous vessel, and when the cover to which they are attached rests upon the flange of the latter the cover is turned so as to cause the lugs to engage with the columns provided with the tightening-nuts, and when these nuts -are tightened, the external vessel and the porous vessel being perfectly closed, the cell may be shaken or transported from place to place without risk of spilling the liquids.
  • the herein-described exciting-liquid for an electric battery said liquid consisting of sulphate of manganese (from the reaction of sulphuric acid on peroxide of manganese) in combination with bisulphate of mercury and water.
  • the herein-described exciting-liquid for an electric battery said liquid consisting of sulphate of manganese (from the reaction of sulphuric acid on peroxide of manganese) in combination with bisulphate of mercury, oil, glycerine, and water.

Description

(No Model.) 2 ShetsSheet '1.
L. A. W. DE'SRUELLES.
GALVANIG BATTERY.
Patented Mar. 8, 1887.
TVe'riesses 3 dim' W mags (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.
L. A. 'W. DESRUELLES.
GALVANIG BATTERY, No. 359,063; v PatentedMar. 8, 1887.
lllllll u may/2%" UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
LUCIEN ALFRED XVILHELBJIINE DESRUELLES, OF PARIS, FRANCE.
GALVANEC BATTERY.
\ SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 359,063, dated March 8, 1887.
Application filed April 23,1886. Serial No. 199,958. (No model.) Patented in France July 512, 1885, No.170,254; in Belgium July 28,1885,No. 69,691; in England August 7, 1885,1\'o.9,415; in Germany August 9, 1885, No. 35,969; in Italy September 5, 1885, No.18,781, and in Austria-Hungary October 2. 1885, No. 29,105.
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, LUOIEN ALFRED WIL- HELMINE DESRUELLES, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing in Paris, France, have invented certain Improvements in. Electric Batteries, (for which I have obtained a French patent, No. 170,254, dated July 22, 1885; British patent, No. 9,415, dated August 7, 1885; Austro-Hungarian patent, No. 29,105, dated October 2, 1885; Italian patent, No. 18,781, dated September 5, 1885; Belgian patent, No. 69,691, dated July 23,1885, and German patent, No. 35,969, dated August 9, 1885,) of which the following is a specification.
My invention consists of certain improvements in electric batteries designed to yield a maximum amount of electric energy with a minimum weight, to secure a tight closure and to prevent the escape of liquid or liquids.
From an electric point of view my improved battery is a battery with two liquids, one being an exciting-liquid employed for dissolving the soluble electrode, the other a depolarizingliquid,whose function it is to effect the absorption of the hydrogen set free during the process of electrolysis. The'exciting-liquid which I employ is composed of one thousand grams of water, three hundred grams'bf sulphuric acid at 66, maceratedfor eight days or a week with peroxide of manganese, eight grams of bisulphate, or sulphate of peroxide of mercury, one gram of colza oil, and two grains of glycerine. The depolarizing-liquid is composed of one thousand grams of water, with the addition of from onehundred grams to one thousand grams of bichromate of soda, according to the depolarizing power it is desired to obtain, and a quantity of sulphuric acid at (36 specific gravity, always equal to the quantity of bichromate of soda. This sulphuric acid is soaked or macerated with peroxide of manganese for about one month before it is used. To this mixture is added about one quarter of its weight of nitric acid at about 40 specific gravity. In both the exciting-liquid and the depolarizing-liquid the reaction of the sulphuric acid on the peroxide of manganese produces sulphate of manganese.
The zinc employed as the soluble electrode is carefully covered before being introduced into the exciting-liquid prepared,as hereinbefore described, with a coating composed of one 11 undred grams of tallow, twenty-five grams of parafflne, and three hundred grams of mercury, ground or pounded together. Thus protected the zinc may be allowed to remain for a considerable period in the exciting-liq uid without being appreciably attacked when the circuit is open. \Vhen the circuit is closed,
the coating which protects the zinc, possessing very small electrical resistance, the action of the battery is not impeded. The negative electrode of the batteryis constituted by plates of carbon prepared by soaking them in water containing a small quantity of sugar. When dried, these plates of carbon are afterward passed over a smoky flame, so that the sugar they contain melts and is converted into burnt sugar or caramel. This renders adhesive the particles of carbon which are deposited upon the plates when they are passed over the flame. Such preparation greatlyincreases the depolarizing capacity of the carbon electrodes. The carbon plates being, moreover, provided with a certain number of grooves, as hereinafter explained, their superficial area, and consequently their depolarizing capacity, is further increased to a considerable extent.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents a vertical section of aportable electricbattery cell or element constructed according to this invention. Fig. 2 represents an in verted sectional plan ofthe battery. Fig. 3 shows the battery in plan, and Fig. 4 illus trates in side View and section the preferred form of carbon element used in my battery. This portable battery is composed of an external vessel, A, in the form of a cube, and made of ebonite, glass, porcelain, or any other material capable of resisting the action of the acids. This vessel is provided with a flange, a, extending all round its upper edge, and to which is applied and secured by bolts or screws a cover, 13, of ebonite hermetically closing the external vessel by means of a caoutchcuc or rubber packing-ring interposed between the cover and the flange on the vessel. This cover presents a circular opening in its center, ad
mitting of the introduction of a porous vessel, 0, of cylindrical shape, the upper edge of which is provided with a flange, c, the under surface of this flange resting upon the cover. The flange on the porous vessel is entirely covered by a rubber ring or band, which laps round it in such a manner as to pack or fill the joint between the flange and the cover and also between the upper surface of the flange and an ebonite disk, I), which closes the porous vessel. Over this ebonite disk is placed a metal disk, D, for the purpose of imparting greater rigidity to the ebonite disk, being itself provided in the middle with a strengthening rib or web. The two extremities of this rib or web are in the form of lugs d, presenting slots in opposite directions, so as to form a species of bayonet-joint by engaging with two pillars, 6, provided with tightening nuts. These nuts, when tightened, press the ebonite disk b onto the rubber packing between it and the flange c on the porous vessel, and at the same time press the flange 0 onto the packing interposed between the latter and the ebonite cover B, thus accurately closing both the porous vessel 0 and the ebonite vessel A.
The ebonite disk which closes the porous vessel is attached to the metal disk, covering it by four copper rods, 15, screwed at both ends. These four rods descend a short distance into the porous vessel beneath the ebonite disk and support the four zinc plates L, which are screwed to the said rods. Each copper rod is entirely protected by an india-rubber tube at the part where it enters the porous Vessel. The lower end of this tube comes in contact with the upper edge of the zinc plate at the 7 part where it is screwed to the rod, and effectually protects the latter from contact with the acid liquid contained in the porous vessel.
Sixteen carbon plates, E, of prismatic form are ranged side by side in the interior of the external ebonite vessel and against the sides of the latter. These plates are grooved, as indicated in Fig. 4, and are attached to the ebonite vessel, as indicated in Fig. 1, by bolts passing through the sides of the vessel, and provided with heads which are embedded in the plates. The height of the head being less than the depth of the recess provided for their reception in the carbon plates, a space is formed above the heads, which is partially filled with lead poured in over the head of the bolt and covered with parafline, so that the heads of the bolts being sealed to the carbon by the lead, a perfect contact is formed between the bolts and the carbon. The paraffine prevents the corrosive liquid contained in the ebonite vessel from attacking the lead and the head of the bolt, so that the connection between the latter and the carbon is renderedindestructible. The shank of each boltsupporting the carbon plates projects on the outside of the ebonite vessel, and is provided with a screw-thread for the reception of a nut, which draws the bolt tight by being screwed up against a copper hoop surrounding the vessel and serving to connect all the bolts. By these means all the carbons are joined in quantity. A caoutchouc washer is placed over each bolt between the carbon plate and the side of the vessel for the purpose of preventing leakage of the liquid from taking place at this point, and also protecting the shanks of the bolts. This arrangement also has the advantage of imparting a certain degree of elasticity to the points of suspension of the carbon plates, and renders the latter less liable to break under sudden movements.
The copper hoop f, connecting all the bolts, is connected to a strip, f, of the same metal, which is bent over the cover of the cell, Fig. 3, and is fixed thereto by a terminal or binding screw, F.
Upon the metal disk D, to which are screwed the four rods t which support the zinc plates in the porous vessel, there is provided at one side of the metal rib or web a terminal or binding screw, G, which forms the negative pole of the cell. On the other side of the rib or web a hole, 0, is made in the metal disk and in the ebonite disk, and this hole is closed by a stopper provided with a very fine perforation, serving for the escape of the gases generated in the porous vessel. A similar hole, 0, is formed near one corner of the cover B, closing the ebonite vessel A. This hole is provided with a stopper likewise perforated with a very fine orifice, through which the gases produced in the external vessel escape.
By means of this combination of arrangements the operations of charging and discharging the battery may evidently be performed with great facility. After introducing into 77 the external vessel a suitable quantity of the depolarizing-liquid the porous vessel is introduced through the central opening, having been previously filled with the exciting-liquid. The zinc plates are then inserted into the porous vessel, and when the cover to which they are attached rests upon the flange of the latter the cover is turned so as to cause the lugs to engage with the columns provided with the tightening-nuts, and when these nuts -are tightened, the external vessel and the porous vessel being perfectly closed, the cell may be shaken or transported from place to place without risk of spilling the liquids.
I do not wish to claim in this application the protection of zinc electrodes by the mixture of mercury and fat, as that forms the subject of a patent granted to me October 5, 1886, No. 350,297.
I claim as my invention- 1. The herein-described exciting-liquid for an electric battery, said liquid consisting of sulphate of manganese (from the reaction of sulphuric acid on peroxide of manganese) in combination with bisulphate of mercury and water.
'2. The herein-described exciting-liquid for an electric battery, said liquid consisting of sulphate of manganese (from the reaction of sulphuric acid on peroxide of manganese) in combination with bisulphate of mercury, oil, glycerine, and water.
3. The combination of an exciting-liquid of sulphate of manganese, bisulphate of mercury and water, with a depolarizing-liquid consisting of sulphate of manganese (from the reaction of sulphuric acid on peroxide of mangauese) in connection with an alkaline bichromate, nitric acid, and water.
4. The combination of the outer cell and its closing-cover having a central opening, with the inner porous cell passing through said opening and having a flange resting on said cover and provided with a gasket, a cover for the porous cell, and devices for gripping the flange of the porous cell between the covers, all substantially as set forth.
5. The combination of thecell of a battery, and carbons E, having headed bolts embedded with lead in the carbon and having their screwshanks passing through the wall of the cell, and provided on the outside with nuts, substantially as set forth.
In testimony whereof Ihave signed my name 2 to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
LUCIEN ALFRED WILIIELDIINE DESRUELLES.
\Vitnesses:
LI'ioN FRANOKEN, RoBT. M. HooPER.
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