US3590306A - Convective arc stabilization by lamp rotation - Google Patents

Convective arc stabilization by lamp rotation Download PDF

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Publication number
US3590306A
US3590306A US794202*A US3590306DA US3590306A US 3590306 A US3590306 A US 3590306A US 3590306D A US3590306D A US 3590306DA US 3590306 A US3590306 A US 3590306A
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United States
Prior art keywords
arc
tube
discharge
constricted
longitudinal axis
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US794202*A
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English (en)
Inventor
Walter J Burnham
Robert J Zollweg
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Philips North America LLC
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Publication date
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Assigned to NORTH AMERICAN PHILIPS ELECTRIC CORP. reassignment NORTH AMERICAN PHILIPS ELECTRIC CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
    • H01J61/827—Metal halide arc lamps

Definitions

  • a constricted arc-discharge device having means for physically rotating the arc-tube about the longitudinal axis of the arc-tube to stabilize and maintain the constricted arc proximate the longitudinal axis of the arc tube. This device thereby avoids problems caused by arc bowing of the constricted arc-discharge.
  • the device operates with a discharge sustaining filling comprising mercury and metallic halide and provides an extremely efficient source of visible radiation.
  • the prior art includes the use of a magnetic means for interacting with a high power, horizontally burning arcdischarge device to deflect the bowed arc-discharge proximate the longitudinal axis of the arc-tube.
  • electrode stabilized device By electrode stabilized device is meant that the arc-path between electrodes is much smaller than the arc-tube diameter. This is contrasted with the standard commercial high pressure mercury arc-discharge device which is regarded as wall stabilized, in that the arc length between electrodes is at least several times greater than the arc-tube diameter.
  • a constricted are-discharge device comprising a conventional generally tubular arc-tube with means for rotating the arc-tube about its longitudinal axis to maintain the constricted arc-discharge proximate the arc-tube longitudinal axis.
  • constricted arc bowing of such devices can be controlled or eliminated by rotating the arc-tube about its longitudinal axis.
  • An improved luminous efficiency is attained because the device can be operated at higher operating temperatures without destructive heating effects both chemically and structurally occurring at the arctube walls.
  • an arc-tube with spiralled raised interior wall surfaces can be used advantageously in combination with means for rotating the arc-tube about the arc-tube longitudinal axis to maintain the constricted arc-discharge proximate the longitudinal axis.
  • the arc-tube rotation is in the same direction of the advancing spiralled surfaces to insure addition of the rotational forces on the discharge gases. This combination allows for maintaining the arc-discharge proximate the longitudinal axis at a lesser rotational speed of the arc-tube than would be possible if a conventional arc-tube with a flush interior wall surface were used.
  • FIG. I is an elevation, partly in section, of the preferred embodiment of the invention wherein the constricted arc- DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • the preferred embodiment as shown comprises an arc-tube I0 having a generally tubular envelope 12, formed of a high-temperature-resistant, radiation-transmissive material, typically quartz.
  • the conductive lead-ins 14 are sealed through the respective ends of the envelope via press seals 16, wherein the lead-ins which are, for example, tungsten and are electrically connected to molybdenum ribbons l7 sealed within the pressed end portions.
  • the electrodes 18 are supported within the arc-tube 10 by the conductive lead-ins 14.
  • the electrodes are typically coiled tungsten wound about the tungsten lead-ins.
  • the electrodes may have an electron emissive material associated therewith to facilitate operation.
  • An auxiliary starting electrode may also be used to facilitate starting the discharge, as is well known.
  • the electrical conductors 20 which extend outward from the press seals are for example, molybdenum rods, which are in turn electrically connected to the outer envelope leadins 22, which are hermetically sealed through the outer envelope 24 at opposite ends thereof.
  • the outer envelope leadins 22 are typically Kovar rods to facilitate a glass to metal hermetic seal through the outer envelope 24, which is conventional soda-lime glass or Pyrex, and which is evacuated to prevent heat losses from the arc-tube.
  • These Kovar rods which act as the outer envelope electrical lead-ins should each be aligned to be colinear with the longitudinal axis of the arc-tube which is supported within the outer envelope.
  • the lead-ins 22 should also be relatively thick rods because the rotational force to the arc-tube is applied via one or both of these lead-ins 22.
  • one lead-in rod 22 is connected to a rotating means 26, which can be any conventional device for imparting rotational force via the turning ofa rod.
  • the Kovar leadins 22 each terminate in electrically conductive pivot blocks 28.
  • the pivot blocks can be graphite or a conductive metal with graphite lubricant on the pivot surfaces.
  • the one Kovar lead-in is mechanically connected to the rotor of an electric motor 3 2 which upon operation imparts rotational force to the Kovar lead-in to drive the arc-tube.
  • a typical arc-tube 10, for example, for 400 watt operation is an 18 mm. id, 20 mm. o.d. quartz member, with an arc-path between electrodes of approximately 70 mm., the envelope enclosed approximately 22 cc.
  • the discharge sustaining filling comprises mg. of mercury, 20 mg. of Cel 20 mg. of Dyl and the arc-tube is tipped off with a 20 torrs partial pressure of readily ionizable inert starting gas, typically argon.
  • the space between the arc-tube and the outer envelope is evacuated to minimize heat losses.
  • other additive materials can be incorporated into this high mercury pressure device as is well known in the art.
  • the mercury must be present in an amount sufficient to establish a mercury pressure of several atmospheres during operation, and the additives which particularly give rise to the restricted arc-discharge condition include the rare-earth metal halides as disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 3,334,261 issued Aug. l, 1967. Other metals or metallic ha lides may also be incorporated to vary the characteristic light emission.
  • the entire device including the arc-tube is caused to rotate at about 300 revolutions per minute or more, for example.
  • the constricted arc is maintained proximate the longitudinal axis of the arc-tube, which is coincident with the rotational axis for the outer envelope.
  • the constricted arc-discharge When the arc-tube is operated in a vertical position at about 400 watts the constricted arc-discharge is unstable and waivers and bows finally in a particular direction.
  • the rotation of the entire device by operation of the rotating means thereby rotates the arc-tube at about 600 revolutions per minute or more, for example, and the constricted arc is maintained proximate the longitudinal axis of the arc-tube.
  • the rotating means need not be directly corrected to the lead-ins of the discharge device, and also that an embodiment can be constructed without the use of an outer envelope,
  • the discharge device comprises simply the arc-tube, for example as set forth in FIG. 1, and conventional drive means for imparting rotational force directly to the arc-tube.
  • a discharge device is constructed of, for example, a 22 mm. id quartz member, which is 24 mm. o.d.
  • the electrodes are sealed in using press seals.
  • the arc-tube is evacuated via the exhaust tubulation on the side and the arc-tube is heated with a directed flame as the arc-tube is rotated and linearly moved with respect to a die to thereby provide a spiral pattern in the arc-tube wall. This is repeated to provide four spiralled splines, which are etuispaced.
  • the spirals For a 120 mm. long arc-tube with an arc-length 0 about mm. the spirals have a spiral rate of about 1 cycle per 10 cm. of arc-tube length.
  • the resulting plurality of spaced raised portions of the interior wall of the arc-tube are for example, three-sixteenths inch wide, and about one-eighth inch deep, i.e. the raised portions protrude inwardly approximately one-eighth inch from the normal interior wall surface.
  • the arc-tube is then filled with discharge sustaining material, typically a charge of 30 mg. of cel;,, 30 mg. of Dyl mg. of mercury, and tipped off with argon to 20 torrs.
  • This arc-discharge device is specifically designed for operation in a vertical position with or without rotation of the entire arc-tube.
  • the rotational forces add to the forces on the discharge sustaining material form any natural convection currents directed in a spiral motion by the raised surfaces.
  • the use of the spiralled splines allows for stabilization of the constricted arc-discharge for a comparable device at a lower rotational speed of the arc-tube for vertically operated devices.
  • the modified arc-tube formed with the spiralling raised surfaces on the interior wall of the arc-tube are of special advantage for the vertically operated arc-tube because of the greater importance in such a device of the convection current normally established.
  • the raised surfaces of the interior wall direct this natural convection and also may improve the coupling of the arc-tube wall and the discharge gases for imparting the rotational force to these gases.
  • the improved device and means for controlling said bowing comprising:
  • a. a generally tubular,'linearly extending, radiation transmissive arc-tube with conductive lead-ins sealed through opposite ends thereof, and wherein the interior wall of said arc-tube has a plurality of inwardly projecting portions which spiral about the longitudinal axis of said arctube from one end portion to the other end of the arctube;

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  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
US794202*A 1969-01-27 1969-01-27 Convective arc stabilization by lamp rotation Expired - Lifetime US3590306A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US79420269A 1969-01-27 1969-01-27

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US3590306A true US3590306A (en) 1971-06-29

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US (1) US3590306A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1289166A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4853597A (en) * 1987-05-05 1989-08-01 General Electric Company Rapid restrike metal halide lamp and a method of operating such
NL9400576A (nl) * 1993-09-24 1995-04-18 Samsung Display Devices Co Ltd Metaalhalogenidelamp.
US20030062822A1 (en) * 2001-09-29 2003-04-03 Chow Shing Cheung Cold cathode fluorescent lamp with a double-tube construction
US20030090902A1 (en) * 1992-06-15 2003-05-15 Martin Kavanagh Light sources
US9924585B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2018-03-20 Asml Netherlands B.V. Radiation source, metrology apparatus, lithographic system and device manufacturing method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013010020B4 (de) * 2013-06-14 2020-12-24 Audi Ag Gasentladungslampe mit Verwirbelungselement

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2004175A (en) * 1930-09-26 1935-06-11 Siemens Ag Discharge tube
US2111412A (en) * 1928-12-08 1938-03-15 Gen Electric X-ray apparatus
US2924733A (en) * 1957-09-17 1960-02-09 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Wall-stabilized electric high-pressure gaseous discharge lamp
US3076377A (en) * 1958-10-06 1963-02-05 Dietzgen Co Eugene Optical projector system
US3426233A (en) * 1965-12-13 1969-02-04 Vitro Corp Of America Plasma stabilization by rotation of arc discharge tube
US3450925A (en) * 1967-03-17 1969-06-17 Gen Electric Mercury bismuth halide photochemical arc lamp light sources

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2111412A (en) * 1928-12-08 1938-03-15 Gen Electric X-ray apparatus
US2004175A (en) * 1930-09-26 1935-06-11 Siemens Ag Discharge tube
US2924733A (en) * 1957-09-17 1960-02-09 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Wall-stabilized electric high-pressure gaseous discharge lamp
US3076377A (en) * 1958-10-06 1963-02-05 Dietzgen Co Eugene Optical projector system
US3426233A (en) * 1965-12-13 1969-02-04 Vitro Corp Of America Plasma stabilization by rotation of arc discharge tube
US3450925A (en) * 1967-03-17 1969-06-17 Gen Electric Mercury bismuth halide photochemical arc lamp light sources

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4853597A (en) * 1987-05-05 1989-08-01 General Electric Company Rapid restrike metal halide lamp and a method of operating such
US20030090902A1 (en) * 1992-06-15 2003-05-15 Martin Kavanagh Light sources
NL9400576A (nl) * 1993-09-24 1995-04-18 Samsung Display Devices Co Ltd Metaalhalogenidelamp.
US20030062822A1 (en) * 2001-09-29 2003-04-03 Chow Shing Cheung Cold cathode fluorescent lamp with a double-tube construction
US6815883B2 (en) * 2001-09-29 2004-11-09 Shing Cheung Chow Cold cathode fluorescent lamp with a double-tube construction
US9924585B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2018-03-20 Asml Netherlands B.V. Radiation source, metrology apparatus, lithographic system and device manufacturing method
US10420197B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2019-09-17 Asml Netherlands B.V. Radiation source, metrology apparatus, lithographic system and device manufacturing method

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Publication number Publication date
GB1289166A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-09-13

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AS Assignment

Owner name: NORTH AMERICAN PHILIPS ELECTRIC CORP.

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004113/0393

Effective date: 19830316