US3590195A - Oilcan pushbutton switch - Google Patents

Oilcan pushbutton switch Download PDF

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Publication number
US3590195A
US3590195A US772166A US3590195DA US3590195A US 3590195 A US3590195 A US 3590195A US 772166 A US772166 A US 772166A US 3590195D A US3590195D A US 3590195DA US 3590195 A US3590195 A US 3590195A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
plate
pushbutton
contacts
dome
domes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US772166A
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English (en)
Inventor
Douglas Louis Ashton Driver
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STC PLC
Original Assignee
International Standard Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Standard Electric Corp filed Critical International Standard Electric Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3590195A publication Critical patent/US3590195A/en
Assigned to STC PLC reassignment STC PLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ELECTRIC CORPORATION, A DE CORP.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
    • H01H13/78—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard characterised by the contacts or the contact sites
    • H01H13/785—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard characterised by the contacts or the contact sites characterised by the material of the contacts, e.g. conductive polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/12—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H01H13/14—Operating parts, e.g. push-button
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
    • H01H13/7013—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard in which the movable contacts of each switch site or of a row of switch sites are formed in a single plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
    • H01H13/78—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard characterised by the contacts or the contact sites
    • H01H13/80—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard characterised by the contacts or the contact sites characterised by the manner of cooperation of the contacts, e.g. with both contacts movable or with bounceless contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H04M1/23—Construction or mounting of dials or of equivalent devices; Means for facilitating the use thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2201/00—Contacts
    • H01H2201/004—Wiping action
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2201/00—Contacts
    • H01H2201/022—Material
    • H01H2201/03—Composite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2209/00—Layers
    • H01H2209/016—Protection layer, e.g. for legend, anti-scratch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2215/00—Tactile feedback
    • H01H2215/034—Separate snap action
    • H01H2215/036—Metallic disc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2217/00—Facilitation of operation; Human engineering
    • H01H2217/024—Profile on actuator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2225/00—Switch site location
    • H01H2225/014—Switch site location normally closed combined with normally open
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2229/00—Manufacturing
    • H01H2229/024—Packing between substrate and membrane
    • H01H2229/026—Riveting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2229/00—Manufacturing
    • H01H2229/024—Packing between substrate and membrane
    • H01H2229/028—Adhesive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2231/00—Applications
    • H01H2231/022—Telephone handset
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2237/00—Mechanism between key and laykey
    • H01H2237/006—Guided plunger or ball

Definitions

  • An array of pushbuttons is formed as domes in a plate of springy material.
  • the domes behavein the manner of the base of an oilcan-snapping in when pressure is applied to close pushbutton contacts and snapping out to open the contacts when pressure is released.
  • PATENTED JUN2 91911 SHEET 1 OF 2 rlnif"l I Invenlor o. L. A. DRIVER A Home y PATENIED JUN29 2911 3 590 195 Inventor D. L. A DRIVER Allorm'y OILCAN PUSHBUTTON SWITCH The invention relates to pushbutton switches.
  • a pushbutton switch wherein the pushbutton is a dome-shaped projection on a fixed plate of springy material integral therewith, the arrangement being such that pressure on the dome causes a snap-action deformation thereof and the deformed material resumes its original shape with a snap action on release of the pressure.
  • Pushbutton switches according to the invention have a particularly useful field of application inconnection with arrays of switches such as provided for dialling purposes on certain telephone subsets.
  • the invention also provides an array of pushbutton switches including a plate of springy metal having integral dome-shaped projections thereon which provide the pushbuttons, each of the projections being such that, when the plate is held substantially rigid, pressure on the dome causes a snap-action deformation thereof and the deformed material resumes its original shape with a snap action on release of the pressure, a plate of insulating material carrying a set of electrical contacts in positions corresponding to the pushbuttons and means for spacing the plate of springy material in fixed relation to the plate of insulating material with a said contact located beneath each dome in such manner that when a dome snaps into its deformed position it makes connection with the said contact.
  • the springy plate having the deformable pushbutton'domes thereon need not necessarily provide one of the electrical contacts for the switches and, in fact, for some applications it could be made of plastics.
  • the invention provides furthermore, an array of pushbutton switches including a plate of springy material having integral dome-shaped projections thereon which provide the pushbuttons, each of the projections being such that, when the plate is held substantially rigid, pressure on the dome causes a snap-action deformation thereof and the deformed material resumes its original shape with a snap action on release of the pressure, a plate of insulating material carrying a set of fixed contacts in positions corresponding to the pushbuttons, a further plate carrying a set of movable contacts, at least one for each pushbutton and each resiliently biased against displacement, a mechanical coupling member for each pushbutton coupling it to its movable contact or contacts, means for locating the movable contacts with respect to their corresponding pushbuttons and means for clamping the assembly of plates and locating means together, the arrangement being such that when
  • FIG. I is an exploded view of an assembly of pushbutton switches in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken in the plane II-II of FIG. I;
  • FIG. 3 shows a modification of the contact arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view similar to FIG. I of another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view through the plane V-V of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a scrap view in partial cross section of a modification of the contact arrangements in the embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the principle of the invention is based upon that of the conventional oilcan in which, to eject a quantity of oil from the can, each of the sides, or the base, depending upon the type of can, is depressed and snaps inward into a deformed condition, which however is unstable, so that when pressure is released each side or the base, as the case may be, snaps back into its previous undistorted condition,
  • a plate of springy material such for example as nickel silver
  • This domed projection provides a pushbutton.
  • finger pressure is applied to the dome it becomes distorted and clicks inward as depicted in FIG. 3.
  • the deformed material clocks out again into its original shape.
  • a set of 12 pushbutton domes 2 is provided upon a common springy metal plate 1.
  • This plate is backed by a supporting insulator 3 apertured beneath each dome to allow the middle of the dome to be pressured into the associated hole and connect with a corresponding one of a set of contacts 4, mounted on an insulator 5.
  • the insulator 5 may conveniently be a printed-circuit board carrying the contacts 4 and connections between them and a set of terminals 6.
  • the plate 1 and insulators 3 and 5 are clamped together and bonded by epoxy resin, for example, at their edges.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 may be modified, if desired, to provide such wiping contact in the manner shown, by way of example, in FIG. 3.
  • the printed-circuit board 5 carries connections for the fixed contacts, but the contacts themselves, instead of being rigid surfaces on the conductor lands, are small pieces of contact metal 10 mounted by means of resilient straps 11 to the respective conductor lands 12.
  • a pushbutton dome When a pushbutton dome is depressed past its dead center position, it springs against the contact piece 10, causing a small displacement of this member and bowing of the strap 11, in consequence of which the contact surfaces wipe over one another to a limited but sufficient extent.
  • the pushbutton domes themselves provide an electrical contact. Instead separate movable contacts actuated by the pushbutton domes may be provided and, in this case, the springy plate in which the domes are formed need not necessarily be metal but, for some applications, may be made of plastics. Again, it may be advisable, where the domes are of metal, to cover them with flexible insulating material so that a user is completely isolated from contact with any electrical circuit. In any event such a covering is useful for carrying indicia for the switches.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrates the use of separate movable contacts and also an insulating covering for the pushbutton domes.
  • a printed-circuit board 5 carries fixed contacts and connections as in FIGS. 1 and 2 but movable contacts are provided on contact springs 13 formed in a metal plate 14 which is clamped over the printed-circuit board 5 with an insulating spacer 15 between them.
  • a plate of springy material 1 with the pushbutton domes 2 as in the previous embodiment is clamped to a spacer 16 which is apertured to receive and locate a set of balls I7, one beneath each dome 2.
  • the balls are preferably made of hard rubber or like resilient insulating material which not only provides insulation, but permits the ball to deform slightly, so allowing a full click operation of the dome.
  • the domes 2 are shown numbered.
  • the numbers, or altemative indicia for the pushbuttons are placed at the back of a transparent sheet of flexible insulating material 18 which has sufficient stretch to conform to the shape of the domes on the plate 1.
  • a face plate 8 is provided with finger holes into which the domes protrude and by means of which the springy plate 1 is held firmly against the spacer 16. The assembly may be clamped up with the aid of clamps 20 fixed to opposite edges of the assembly as shown in FIG. 5.
  • An array of pushbutton switches including a plate of springy material having integral dome-shaped projections thereon which provide the pushbutton, each of the projections being such that, when the plate is held substantially rigid, pressure on the dome causes a snap-action deformation thereof and the deformed material resumes its original shape with a snap action on release of the pressure, a plate of insulating material carrying a set of fixed contacts in positions corresponding to the pushbuttons, a further plate carrying a set of movable contacts, at least one for each pushbutton and each resiliently biased against displacement, a mechanical coupling member for each pushbutton coupling it to its movable contact or contacts, means for locating the movable contacts with respect to their corresponding pushbuttons and means for clamping the assembly of plates and locating means together, the arrangement being such that when a dome is snapped into is deformed condition its associated movable contact, or each of them, is carried from its normal to its operated condition with respect to one or more of the fixed contacts.
  • An array as claimed in claim 1 including a faceplate through which the pushbutton domes project and means for rigidly supporting the plate of springy material against the faceplate.
  • An array as claimed in claim 2 including flexible insulating material covering the domes and such further parts of the plate of springy material as may be exposed through the faceplate, the flexible insulating material carrying indicia for the respective pushbuttons,

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
US772166A 1967-11-02 1968-10-31 Oilcan pushbutton switch Expired - Lifetime US3590195A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB49889/67A GB1201045A (en) 1967-11-02 1967-11-02 Electrical switches

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3590195A true US3590195A (en) 1971-06-29

Family

ID=10453903

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US772166A Expired - Lifetime US3590195A (en) 1967-11-02 1968-10-31 Oilcan pushbutton switch

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3590195A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CS (1) CS41879A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1806241A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1590517A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1201045A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3731014A (en) * 1971-08-02 1973-05-01 Universal Technology Keyboard switch and unitized multiple switch configuration
US3792210A (en) * 1972-08-11 1974-02-12 Garrett J Microminiature switch construction
US3826882A (en) * 1971-09-06 1974-07-30 Olivetti & Co Spa Electric keyboards for office machines
JPS5265283U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1975-11-10 1977-05-14
US4046975A (en) * 1975-09-22 1977-09-06 Chomerics, Inc. Keyboard switch assembly having internal gas passages preformed in spacer member
US4086451A (en) * 1976-12-06 1978-04-25 Texas Instruments Incorporated Keyboard apparatus
JPS5355785A (en) * 1976-10-30 1978-05-20 Nippon Ootomeeshiyon Kk Pushhon switch mechanism and bunching switch employing such pushhon switch mechanism
US4194099A (en) * 1977-10-25 1980-03-18 W. H. Brady Co. Control panel overlay
US4449024A (en) * 1983-05-03 1984-05-15 Kb Denver, Inc. Backlighted illuminated keyboard
US5136131A (en) * 1985-05-31 1992-08-04 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Push-button switch including a sheet provided with a plurality of domed members
US5561278A (en) * 1994-09-16 1996-10-01 Rutten; Phillip Membrane switch
EP1045413A3 (en) * 1999-04-12 2002-07-24 Sony Corporation Input device
US20060028437A1 (en) * 1992-03-05 2006-02-09 Armstrong Brad A Image controller
US20060028435A1 (en) * 1995-02-23 2006-02-09 Armstrong Brad A Image controller
EP1231534A4 (en) * 1999-07-09 2007-05-02 Itx E Globaledge Corp KEYBOARD INPUT DEVICE AND PORTABLE INFORMATION PROCESSOR
WO2019141578A1 (de) * 2018-01-17 2019-07-25 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Bedieneinrichtung

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3684842A (en) * 1970-07-01 1972-08-15 Texas Instruments Inc Pushbutton keyboard switch assembly with improved over center diaphragm contact
US3643041A (en) * 1970-12-30 1972-02-15 Unidynamics Phoenix Pushbutton diaphragm switch with improved dimple actuator and/or capacitance-type switch contact structure
US3673357A (en) * 1971-03-29 1972-06-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Tactile response switch with unitary control strip of independently operably plural disc contacts
FR2321150A1 (fr) * 1975-08-11 1977-03-11 Ibm France Clavier
US4071718A (en) * 1976-10-22 1978-01-31 Bowmar Instrument Corporation Flat keyboard assembly having cover type membrane with protrusions to align switch components
DE3011674C2 (de) * 1980-03-26 1984-07-26 Preh, Elektrofeinmechanische Werke Jakob Preh Nachf. Gmbh & Co, 8740 Bad Neustadt Tastatur
DE3041859A1 (de) * 1980-11-06 1982-06-03 Preh Elektro Feinmechanik Tastatur
GB2140622B (en) * 1983-05-10 1987-04-08 Adco Ind Components A keyboard assembly
US4771139A (en) * 1986-06-27 1988-09-13 Desmet Gregory L Keyboard with metal cover and improved switches
GB2324414B (en) * 1997-04-15 2001-09-12 Motorola Gmbh Keypad arrangement

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US440813A (en) * 1890-11-18 Hjalmar von koiiler
US1684530A (en) * 1925-10-06 1928-09-18 Charles Tagliabue Mfg Co Pressure-controlled device
US2381835A (en) * 1943-12-18 1945-08-07 Metals & Controls Corp Switch
GB962745A (en) * 1961-11-30 1964-07-01 Ericsson Telephones Ltd Electric switch actuating mechanism
US3243108A (en) * 1964-05-15 1966-03-29 Mechanical Products Inc Elastic logic element
US3297156A (en) * 1959-08-24 1967-01-10 Strauss Irving Electrical switch

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US440813A (en) * 1890-11-18 Hjalmar von koiiler
US1684530A (en) * 1925-10-06 1928-09-18 Charles Tagliabue Mfg Co Pressure-controlled device
US2381835A (en) * 1943-12-18 1945-08-07 Metals & Controls Corp Switch
US3297156A (en) * 1959-08-24 1967-01-10 Strauss Irving Electrical switch
GB962745A (en) * 1961-11-30 1964-07-01 Ericsson Telephones Ltd Electric switch actuating mechanism
US3243108A (en) * 1964-05-15 1966-03-29 Mechanical Products Inc Elastic logic element

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3731014A (en) * 1971-08-02 1973-05-01 Universal Technology Keyboard switch and unitized multiple switch configuration
US3826882A (en) * 1971-09-06 1974-07-30 Olivetti & Co Spa Electric keyboards for office machines
US3792210A (en) * 1972-08-11 1974-02-12 Garrett J Microminiature switch construction
US4046975A (en) * 1975-09-22 1977-09-06 Chomerics, Inc. Keyboard switch assembly having internal gas passages preformed in spacer member
JPS5265283U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1975-11-10 1977-05-14
JPS5355785A (en) * 1976-10-30 1978-05-20 Nippon Ootomeeshiyon Kk Pushhon switch mechanism and bunching switch employing such pushhon switch mechanism
US4086451A (en) * 1976-12-06 1978-04-25 Texas Instruments Incorporated Keyboard apparatus
US4194099A (en) * 1977-10-25 1980-03-18 W. H. Brady Co. Control panel overlay
US4449024A (en) * 1983-05-03 1984-05-15 Kb Denver, Inc. Backlighted illuminated keyboard
US5136131A (en) * 1985-05-31 1992-08-04 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Push-button switch including a sheet provided with a plurality of domed members
US7345670B2 (en) 1992-03-05 2008-03-18 Anascape Image controller
US9081426B2 (en) 1992-03-05 2015-07-14 Anascape, Ltd. Image controller
US20060028437A1 (en) * 1992-03-05 2006-02-09 Armstrong Brad A Image controller
US20060028436A1 (en) * 1992-03-05 2006-02-09 Armstrong Brad A Image controller
US5561278A (en) * 1994-09-16 1996-10-01 Rutten; Phillip Membrane switch
US20060028435A1 (en) * 1995-02-23 2006-02-09 Armstrong Brad A Image controller
US8674932B2 (en) 1996-07-05 2014-03-18 Anascape, Ltd. Image controller
EP1045413A3 (en) * 1999-04-12 2002-07-24 Sony Corporation Input device
EP1231534A4 (en) * 1999-07-09 2007-05-02 Itx E Globaledge Corp KEYBOARD INPUT DEVICE AND PORTABLE INFORMATION PROCESSOR
WO2019141578A1 (de) * 2018-01-17 2019-07-25 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Bedieneinrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1590517A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-04-13
DE1806241A1 (de) 1969-08-14
GB1201045A (en) 1970-08-05
CS41879A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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Legal Events

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AS Assignment

Owner name: STC PLC,ENGLAND

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ELECTRIC CORPORATION, A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004761/0721

Effective date: 19870423

Owner name: STC PLC, 10 MALTRAVERS STREET, LONDON, WC2R 3HA, E

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ELECTRIC CORPORATION, A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004761/0721

Effective date: 19870423