US3586615A - Photoelectrophoretic imaging process including the use of an electrically charged suspension coating means - Google Patents

Photoelectrophoretic imaging process including the use of an electrically charged suspension coating means Download PDF

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Publication number
US3586615A
US3586615A US789088A US3586615DA US3586615A US 3586615 A US3586615 A US 3586615A US 789088 A US789088 A US 789088A US 3586615D A US3586615D A US 3586615DA US 3586615 A US3586615 A US 3586615A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
imaging
blocking
suspension
particles
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Expired - Lifetime
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US789088A
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English (en)
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Leonard M Carreira
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G17/00—Electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns, e.g. an electric conductivity pattern; Processes involving a migration, e.g. photoelectrophoresis, photoelectrosolography; Processes involving a selective transfer, e.g. electrophoto-adhesive processes; Apparatus essentially involving a single such process
    • G03G17/04—Electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns, e.g. an electric conductivity pattern; Processes involving a migration, e.g. photoelectrophoresis, photoelectrosolography; Processes involving a selective transfer, e.g. electrophoto-adhesive processes; Apparatus essentially involving a single such process using photoelectrophoresis

Definitions

  • photoelectrophoretic imaging colored photosensitive particles are suspended in an insulating carrier liquid.
  • This suspension is placed between at least two electrodes one of which is generally conductive and referred to as the injecting electrode and the other which is generally insulating and called the blocking electrode.
  • the suspension is subjected to a potential difference and exposed to an image to be reproduced.
  • the imaging suspension is placed on a transparent electrically conductive plate in the form of a thin film and exposure is made through the transparent plate while a second generally cylindrically shaped biased electrode is rolled across the suspension.
  • the coating means in the form of a rod is in surface c011- tact with the blocking layer of the blocking roller electrode.
  • the coating rod coats the surface of the roller electrode with a uniform film of the imaging suspension while at the same time distributing charge to the surface of the blocking electrode.
  • Imaging is then completed at the surface of the injecting electrode as a result of the particle migration within the system whereby complementary color images are formed on the surfaces of each of the electrodes.
  • the roller or imaging electrode is then recoated by the above mentioned coating device so as to replenish the imaging suspension while simultaneously eliminating or neutralizing buildup of unwanted charge on the surface of the insulating blocking electrode.
  • charge buildup on the blocking electrode may be eliminated in a sequential manner in a system where the field is established between th blocking and injecting electrodes by applying the field charge directly to the blocking electrode, by first cutting off the potential to the core of the blocking electrode then applying charge to the coating rod to neutralize the residual charge on the surface or blocking layer of the blocking electrode, then cutting off the potential to the coating rod and reestablishing the field between the blocking electrode and the injecting electrode.
  • a rotary electrode 5 having a conductive central core 11 which is covered with a layer of blocking electrode insulating material 12.
  • the latter electrode is referred to as the blocking or imaging electrode.
  • a detailed description of the improved results and the types of material which may be used as the blocking layer may be found in detail in US. Pat. 3,383,993.
  • a thin layer 4 of the imaging suspension of the present invention which consists of finely divided photosensitive particles dispersed in an insulating carrier liquid, is coated on the surface of the blocking electrode by coating means generally designated 13 which meters the application of the imaging suspension so that it is applied to a uniform thickness.
  • the coating means comprises coating rods 14 and 15 with pressure rollers 16 and 17.
  • the coating and pressure rods are suspended by support 18.
  • the ink reservoir 19 inherently develops on the upper surface of the blocking electrode 5.
  • the term photosensitive may be thought of as any particle which once attracted to the injecting electrode will migrate away from it under the influence of an applied electric field when it is exposed to actinic electromagnetic radiation.
  • the imaging suspension may also contain a sensitizer and/or binder for the pigment particles the latter being at least partially soluble in the suspending or carrier liquid.
  • the injecting electrode be composed of an optically transparent material such as glass overcoated with a conductive material such as tin oxide, copper, copper iodide, gold or the like in order to obtain optimum results; however, other suitable materials including many simiconductive materials such as raw cellophane, which are ordinarily not thought of as conductors but which are still capable of accepting injected charge carriers of the proper polarity under the influence of the applied field may be used within the course of the present invention.
  • the use of more conductive materials allows for cleaner charge separation and prevents possible charge buildup on the electrode which tends to diminish the interior electrode field.
  • the blocking electrode on the other hand is selected so as to prevent or greatly retard the injection of electrons into the photosensitive pigment particles when the particles reach the surface of this electrode.
  • Exemplary of the preferred blocking layer materials used are baryta paper, which consists of paper coated with barium sulfate suspended in a gelatin solution, Tedlar, a polyvinylfluoride, and polyurethane. Any other suitable material having the desired resistivity properties may be utilized. Typical materials include cellulose acetate coated papers, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylane, and polyethylene terephthaltee.
  • the blocking electrode layer when utilized may be a separate replaceable layer which is easily fixed in some manner to the blocking electrode such as by mechanical fasteners or any other similar device which is capable of simply holding the layer on the electrode. In the alternative, the layer may be an integral part of the electrode itself being adhesively bonded, laminated, spray coated otherwise applied to the surface of the electrode.
  • roller blocking electrode configuration shown in the drawing is of course merely representative, and any other similar configuration may be used.
  • the blocking electrode may be in the form of a movable or stationary flat plate or in the form of a continuous belt. It is also possible to provide a transparent blocking electrode with the imaging or exposure lamp being located inside the respective electrode.
  • any "suitable carrier liquid may be used in the course of the present invention.
  • Materials found suitable include decane, dodecane and tetradecane, molten paraffin wax, molten beeswax and other molten thermoplastic materials.
  • Sohio Odorless Solvent, a kerosene fraction commercially available from the Standard Oil Co. of Ohio and Isopar G, a long chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon commercially available from the Humble Oil Co. of New Jersey have been found suitable. Mixtures of the above defined compositions have also been found to satisfy the requirements of the present invention.
  • EXAMPLE IV An imaging suspension comprising equal amounts of Bonadur -Red B, 1-(4-chloro-5'-ethyl-2'-sulfonic acid) azobenzene-2-hydroxy-3d-naphthoic acid, available from American Cyanamide; Monolite Fast Blue 6.8., and the proprietary yellow pigment disclosed in Example I in Sohio Solvent 3440 is prepared and imaged as described above. A full colored image conforming to the original color transparency is obtained.
  • any of the above listed typical materials may be substituted when suitable in the above examples with similar results being obtained.
  • other steps or modifications may be used, if desirable.
  • Other materials may also be incorporated in the imaging suspension and other facets of the invention which will enhance, synergize or otherwise desirably effect the properties therein desired.
  • various sensitizers may be utilized in conjunction with the imaging suspension.
  • a photoelectrophoretic imaging process comprising:

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
US789088A 1969-01-02 1969-01-02 Photoelectrophoretic imaging process including the use of an electrically charged suspension coating means Expired - Lifetime US3586615A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US78908869A 1969-01-02 1969-01-02

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US3586615A true US3586615A (en) 1971-06-22

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US789088A Expired - Lifetime US3586615A (en) 1969-01-02 1969-01-02 Photoelectrophoretic imaging process including the use of an electrically charged suspension coating means

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US (1) US3586615A (es)
JP (1) JPS4831627B1 (es)
BE (1) BE743921A (es)
DE (1) DE1965460C3 (es)
FR (1) FR2027654A1 (es)
GB (1) GB1284429A (es)
NL (1) NL6919695A (es)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3719484A (en) * 1971-01-06 1973-03-06 Xerox Corp Photoelectrophoretic imaging method
US3769009A (en) * 1971-12-29 1973-10-30 Xerox Corp Inking system for liquid particle migration on automatic machines
US3776628A (en) * 1969-06-02 1973-12-04 Xerox Corp Photoelectrophoretic imaging system
US3905812A (en) * 1973-04-23 1975-09-16 Xerox Corp Imaging process
US3907559A (en) * 1969-10-03 1975-09-23 Xerox Corp Imaging process employing friction charging in the presence of an electrically insulating developer liquid
US3961949A (en) * 1972-01-03 1976-06-08 Xerox Corporation Photoelectrophoretic imaging method producing a desired image border
US3971658A (en) * 1973-03-14 1976-07-27 Xerox Corporation Imaging process employing friction charging in the presence of an electrically insulating liquid

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3776628A (en) * 1969-06-02 1973-12-04 Xerox Corp Photoelectrophoretic imaging system
US3907559A (en) * 1969-10-03 1975-09-23 Xerox Corp Imaging process employing friction charging in the presence of an electrically insulating developer liquid
US3719484A (en) * 1971-01-06 1973-03-06 Xerox Corp Photoelectrophoretic imaging method
US3769009A (en) * 1971-12-29 1973-10-30 Xerox Corp Inking system for liquid particle migration on automatic machines
US3961949A (en) * 1972-01-03 1976-06-08 Xerox Corporation Photoelectrophoretic imaging method producing a desired image border
US3971658A (en) * 1973-03-14 1976-07-27 Xerox Corporation Imaging process employing friction charging in the presence of an electrically insulating liquid
US3905812A (en) * 1973-04-23 1975-09-16 Xerox Corp Imaging process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2027654A1 (es) 1970-10-02
JPS4831627B1 (es) 1973-10-01
NL6919695A (es) 1970-07-06
DE1965460B2 (de) 1975-01-30
DE1965460C3 (de) 1975-09-11
DE1965460A1 (de) 1970-07-16
GB1284429A (en) 1972-08-09
BE743921A (es) 1970-06-30

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