US3585965A - Development chamber - Google Patents

Development chamber Download PDF

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Publication number
US3585965A
US3585965A US789997A US3585965DA US3585965A US 3585965 A US3585965 A US 3585965A US 789997 A US789997 A US 789997A US 3585965D A US3585965D A US 3585965DA US 3585965 A US3585965 A US 3585965A
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United States
Prior art keywords
discs
chamber
development chamber
development
atoms
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Expired - Lifetime
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US789997A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alfred F Kaspaul
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Raytheon Co
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Hughes Aircraft Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing

Definitions

  • the development chamber comprises first and second spaced discs around which a flexible medium to be US.
  • CL develo ed is wra ed around a major portion of the el H8/48 cumferences.
  • the medium to be developed has a latent image lllL l thereon which latent image is developed selective acquisi- 0 93, [ion of metal aoms from a vapor ource in accordance 94; 355/20, 27; l 7/107, 107-1, 105; the latent image character.
  • a vapor source is placed inside the 9 development chamber, between the discs, the discs rotate as the medium proceeds around the circumference exposing the [56] References cued latent images to the metal vapor, and upon completion of the UNITED STATES PATENTS development process moves away from the development 2,439,983 4/1948 Morgan et a] 1 18/49 chamber.
  • DEVELOPMENT CHAMBER BACKGROUND This invention is directed to a rotating development chamber, and particularly to a development chamber for the rapid and continuous development of recording media which have latent images thereon which may be developed into visible images by means of the selective deposition of metal atoms thereon.
  • a number of prior art processes for the recording of information and subsequent formation of visible images employ the selective deposition of various materials onto latent images. An example of this is found in A. F. Kaspaul, et al. US. Pat. No. 3,235,398, granted Feb. 15, 1966. A number of other inventions are directed to the same general type of process. These processes employ the selective deposition of metal atoms to create the visible image.
  • A. F. Kaspaul, et al., US. Pat. No. 3,140,143, granted July 7, 1964 describes the use of a metal chosen from Group "-8 of the periodic system, as a metal which can be employed with the particular substrate disclosed therein.
  • Selective deposition can be accomplished on suitable substrates by the employment of a variety of other materials as they are discharged from a boiler or any other suitable source. Additionally a metal choosen from Group 1-5 or magnesium, is suitable and can be employed in the same way. In other cases, the developer material is provided by the dissociation of a metal-containing compound such as silane. Furthermore, cadmium sulfide, lead sulfide, bismuth trioxide may be deposited in imagewise fashion to produce active elements for microcircuitry applications as described in A. F. and E. E. Kaspaul U.S. Pat. No. 3,333,984, granted Aug. 1, 1967. Additionally, whilethe three cited prior patents describe the selective deposition of metals, metal chalcogenides, etc., for image production, such deposition can be employed for other purposes, such as providing a conductive path, or the like.
  • the prior art teachings are directed to batch-type processing as well as toward continuous applications. However, they have not resulted in efficient employment of the vaporized materials at high processing speeds. Accordingly, in the prior art applications a sizeable fraction of the developer" is deposited within the development chamber rather than onto the substrate. Thus in continuous usage, material is wasted and frequent cleaning is necessary.
  • FIG. I is an isometric view of a recording and playback console employing the preferred embodiment of the development chamber of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial section taken generally along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial section taken generally along the line 3-3 of FIG. 2.
  • FIGS. 4, 4b and 4c are graphs showing various conditions under which selective deposition of atoms and molecules will occur.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the development chamber of this invention showing development vapor paths.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a prior art development chamber showing development vapor paths.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the development chamber of this invention showing an optional wiper therein.
  • FIG. 8 is a section on the line 8-8 of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the development chamber of this invention.
  • a recording and playback console 10 incorporates the development chamber 12 of this invention.
  • Console 10 includes housing spaces 14 and 16 for electronics. It is electrically connected and arranged to receive an electronically defined image which can be visually displayed on the face of cathode-ray tube 18.
  • the console receives images and sound in the form of electronic signals resulting from various sources commonly employed in conventional television practice.
  • the purpose of the console is to receive, record and to play back these signals in a desired line frequency.
  • An electron source 20 produces a modulated beam 22 in accordance with the input signals.
  • Beam 22 is focused and deflected by any conventional electrostatic or electromagnetic means, such as focusing and deflection means 24.
  • focusing and deflection means 24 rather than producing orthogonal scan, only lateral scan, corresponding to the horizontal scan on the image, is produced by the deflection means.
  • Housing 26 encloses the beam, and is pumped to a suitable lowpressure at the pump connections indicated for satisfactory beam performance. Draft tube 27 permits beam passage.
  • tape deck 28 includes a supply of recording tape on reel 30.
  • the tape 32 passes around exit guide roll 34 through slot 36 into a very narrow gap of chamber 38.
  • Capstan 40 rotates simultaneously with capstan 66 within chamber 38, wrapping the tape 32 around its circumference.
  • the width of slot 36, and the clearance around recording tape 32 as it moves around the capstan 40within chamber 38 is minimized to reduce pumping requirements.
  • Opening 42 in tape deck 28 permits beam 22 to impinge upon media 32 as it moves past opening 42 to thus create a latent image on the recording media. Since tape deck 28 and opening 42 are evacuated to different vacuum levels, the narrow spaces in chamber 38 are sufficient to maintain the desired pressures for each area.
  • FIG. 2 shows an arrangement whereby the gun areas may be held at :10 Torr with a 2 inch diffusion pump by connection 26 to port 39, whereas the recording/readout chambers are maintained at l" Torr with a 3 inch booster pump by connection to port ml.
  • Development chamber M and tape reel chambers of the tape deck 2% operate atZlO and 210 Torr, respectively, by use of forepumps connected to ports 453 and 45.
  • the media 32 passes into the stationary development chamber 44 in which the rotating development chamber 12 is located.
  • chamber 44 is closed by transparent cover 46 so that the progress of development can be observed.
  • Bearing post 48 is centrally mounted in recess 44 and hub 50 is rotatably mounted thereon.
  • Circular discs 52 and 54 are mounted upon hub 50 so as to rotate therewith.
  • upper disc 54 is conveniently removable from the hub and is transparent for visibility purposes.
  • Tape 32 passes around discs 52 and 54, so that the edges of the medium are engaged thereby, and the discs together with the hub, are rotated as the medium passes through the stationarydevelopment chamber 44.
  • Tape 32 engages around a substantial part of the circumference of the discs, as shown in FIG. 2, to define the rotating development chamber 12 enclosed by the medium and the discs.
  • Source 56 is the source of atoms and/or molecules for the development of the latent images contained within the medium 32.
  • Source 56 is conveniently a heated coil or mesh which is connected by leads 58 to the secondary of transformer 60. Energization of leads 62 to the primary of transformer 60 causes high current flow through the coil which forms source 56, thereby heating it to the proper temperature.
  • the coil or mesh is plated with the metal to be vaporized, such as zinc or cadmium, watts is sufficient to develop a 35 mm. tape at 36 inches/second, and one coil or mesh can have sufficient material to develop more than several thousand feet of tape.
  • other vapor sources may be employed, e.g., a small boiler could be used to supply the required vapor for many tape reels.
  • Source 56 is preferably positioned so that it is spaced equal distance from all points of the tape as the tape is wrapped around the discs to form the development chamber.
  • the developer source may be of any type and shape and will successfully operate as long as it is centrally located. Of course an eccentric positioning is possible if one adjusts the efflux pattern accordingly.
  • the now developed tape is transported to chamber M where it engages around capstan 66.
  • tape 32 passes through slot 68 ad around guide roll 70 to be wound on tape reel 72.
  • the readout gun 74 scanning across the tape on 19 capstan 66.
  • Electron gun 7% in housing 76 directs an electron beam 78 onto the image-carrying medium.
  • Focus and deflection means 80 scans the electron beam laterally across the tape as it moves past opening 82. As a result of electron impingement, photons are emitted in accordance with the image content of the medium. These photons are focused by mirror 84 onto photomultiplier 86.
  • Housing 76 is suitable evacuated for proper electron beam conditions, and the narrow spaces around the medium in chamber 64 permit the maintenance of a proper vacuum with minimal pumping equipment.
  • the usefulness of this invention may best be understood by exposing a given surface to a incident flux of atoms and/or molecules from a molecular oven or other vapor sources. Atoms and/or molecules will condense upon the surface, at first moving about it in random fashion. They are eventually captured by active sites to form a stable deposit, or reevaporated from the surface after a certain time has elapsed. At low incident rates, a certain number of atoms will be found upon the surface at any given time so that the equilibrium concentration is reached as soon as the reevaporation rate equals the incident flux. At equilibrium,
  • B surface coverages of 6;lO'
  • FIG. 7 shows a simple solution for the prevention of random nucleation centers in the rotating development chamber.
  • the recording tape containing the latent images forms a substantial portion of the development chamber and is therefore exposed to the incident flux of zinc atoms as long as it surrounds the two glass discs and the developer source. During this time interval, atoms and/or molecules will condense and reevaporate from its surface, which has, with the exception of the latent images, quite similar surface properties as those of the glass discs. Hence no condensation occurs upon the background of the medium.
  • the tape enters the rotating development chamber on the left and is immediately exposed to a uniform zinc flux.
  • the tape will take a certain time for even the most energetic centers to take full control over the deposition process, faithfully reproducing the desired information.
  • the time interval from the first exposure of the tape to the zinc vapor to the onset of barely visible images, ranges from about 0.25 to 0.75 of the total time spent in the development chamber.
  • FIGS. 5 ad 6 show two extremes, in each case utilizing a filament-type zinc source.
  • the FIG. 6 is typical for prior art arrangements and large incident rates are required to produce visible images in the shortest possible time. About 80 percent of the atoms may be lost, at TV-recording rates, whereas by using the rotating development chamber, all reevaporating atoms are collected, eventually, by other portions of the tape.
  • a modified development system may be constructed whereby a uniform zinc flux is established over a length of tape.
  • this is not a simple approach and requires not only a large area source, as is shown in FIG. 9, but also a sizable backup surface.
  • this zinc reflector Since this zinc reflector" is not renewed it may become coated in time, and adsorbs all the zinc available. In comparison, the dead area" in the rotating chamber of this invention is quite small and the developer flux incident upon it is far below critical. Furthermore, the two rotating glass discs as well as the hub may be fitted with a stationary wiper as shown in F I08. 7 and 8. This felt-type rectangular wiper block 98 may be soaked in a suitable organic liquid of low free surface energy, thus providing continuous protection for the wiped surface from zinc deposition. The kind of recording medium is not critical. As a matter of fact, anything that has a controlled variation of the surface free energy upon it may be developed in this manner. The
  • preferred media for electron beam recording/readout in nearreal-time comprise mainly of photoconductive and photoemissive pigments combined with a nucleation inducing compound in a suitable binder.
  • Decomposable compounds yielding nucleation centers of desired configurations upon electron, photon or ion bombardment may also be utilized.
  • Means to develop latent images on an indefinite length moving web comprising:
  • wiper means extending between said discs at an open area thereof with respect to said web whereby said discs are wiped clean of developer material.
  • first and second closure plates are of such material and are maintained at such a temperature that metal atoms at a suitable metal atom rate for imagewise deposition of metal atoms on the medium do not form a stable film on said first and second closure plates.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
US789997A 1969-01-09 1969-01-09 Development chamber Expired - Lifetime US3585965A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US78999769A 1969-01-09 1969-01-09

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US3585965A true US3585965A (en) 1971-06-22

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US (1) US3585965A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4915964B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE743911A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH499137A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2027978A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1260641A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7000317A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE363953B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3735728A (en) * 1971-12-01 1973-05-29 Andvari Inc Apparatus for continuous vacuum deposition

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2439983A (en) * 1944-01-15 1948-04-20 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Means for thermally evaporating various materials in vacuums for coating purposes
US2768098A (en) * 1950-09-12 1956-10-23 Siemens Ag Method and apparatus for precipitating metal from the vaporous state onto plates, particularly for the production of selenium coated rectifier plates
US2948261A (en) * 1956-12-07 1960-08-09 Western Electric Co Apparatus for producing printed wiring by metal vaporization

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2439983A (en) * 1944-01-15 1948-04-20 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Means for thermally evaporating various materials in vacuums for coating purposes
US2768098A (en) * 1950-09-12 1956-10-23 Siemens Ag Method and apparatus for precipitating metal from the vaporous state onto plates, particularly for the production of selenium coated rectifier plates
US2948261A (en) * 1956-12-07 1960-08-09 Western Electric Co Apparatus for producing printed wiring by metal vaporization

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3735728A (en) * 1971-12-01 1973-05-29 Andvari Inc Apparatus for continuous vacuum deposition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1963119B2 (de) 1975-10-23
GB1260641A (en) 1972-01-19
SE363953B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-04
BE743911A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-05-28
JPS4915964B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-04-18
NL7000317A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-07-13
CH499137A (de) 1970-11-15
FR2027978A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-10-02
DE1963119A1 (de) 1970-07-23

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