US3581703A - Warning tape for underground installations - Google Patents

Warning tape for underground installations Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3581703A
US3581703A US819663A US3581703DA US3581703A US 3581703 A US3581703 A US 3581703A US 819663 A US819663 A US 819663A US 3581703D A US3581703D A US 3581703DA US 3581703 A US3581703 A US 3581703A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
warning
chemical
substance
tape
compartment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US819663A
Inventor
Robert C Hosack
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ROBERT C HOSACK
Original Assignee
ROBERT C HOSACK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ROBERT C HOSACK filed Critical ROBERT C HOSACK
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3581703A publication Critical patent/US3581703A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B5/00—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied
    • G08B5/40—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using smoke, fire or coloured gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L1/00—Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
    • F16L1/024—Laying or reclaiming pipes on land, e.g. above the ground
    • F16L1/06—Accessories therefor, e.g. anchors
    • F16L1/11—Accessories therefor, e.g. anchors for the detection or protection of pipes in the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
    • F41H9/06—Apparatus for generating artificial fog or smoke screens
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
    • F42B12/48—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances smoke-producing, e.g. infrared clouds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S116/00—Signals and indicators
    • Y10S116/14—Tapes as carriers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S206/00—Special receptacle or package
    • Y10S206/803—Emergency, e.g. flare, first aid, survival pack
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/916—Fraud or tamper detecting

Definitions

  • This invention relates to safety devices and particularly to a tape, which is to be placed underground to warn those working with digging implements or machines of the presence of underground installations-cables, pipelines, etc.
  • An object of this invention is to provide warning means which release attention-compelling signals of a chemical nature, such as a dense smoke, an intense warning odor, a self-igniting gas or the like.
  • Another object is a novel and superior warning tape.
  • Another object is a chemically charged warning tape of high dependability.
  • I encapsulate a chemical signal agent such as, for example, titanium tetrachloride, silicon tetrachloride, phosphorus, or the like, and dispose it in predetermined spacings in a warning tape in such a manner that mechanical rupture will preferentially continue across such encapsulation so as to liberate its content and set off the chemical signal.
  • a chemical signal agent such as, for example, titanium tetrachloride, silicon tetrachloride, phosphorus, or the like
  • FIG. 1 is a top view of an embodiment of the warning tape, showing the capsules filled with a chemical warning agent.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention in its practical application of protecting an underground installation.
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of the embodiment of the warning tape, shown in FIG. 1, showing the capsules.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross section of the tape illustrating the interior coating of a capsule.
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of an embodiment of the warning tape, showing side cuts in the tape, and
  • FIG. 6 is a top view showing break in film causing release of warning chemical.
  • a chemical warning agent 8 is encapsulated in a plastic film assembly 1 so that it will be released when this is torn along any line of least mechanical resistance such as those occurring between corresponding indentations 3 in the constituent plastic film.
  • indentations may be stamped out in the edges of the ribbon, or cuts may be made in them in such a way that these cuts, on pulling on the tape, will propagate and will cause a tear across the tape which crosses the area in which the chemically active warning substance is encapsulated, so as to set this free.
  • the said chemical when released, will cause a strongly perceptible warning to be sensed, for example, a dense cloud in the case of a hydrolyzable halide such as titanium tetrachloride or an intense odor in the case of a volatile mercaptan such as ethylor amyl-mercaptan, or a sound, for example, from a gas expansion effect.
  • a strongly perceptible warning for example, a dense cloud in the case of a hydrolyzable halide such as titanium tetrachloride or an intense odor in the case of a volatile mercaptan such as ethylor amyl-mercaptan, or a sound, for example, from a gas expansion effect.
  • FIG. 2 shows the actual operations of the invention.
  • 5 is a pipeline to be protected by the warning.
  • a trencher 6 is excavating and touches the warning tape. This breaks at 4 thereby releasing the chemical agent 8 which forms the cloud 7, warning of the presence of underground facilities.
  • the films used for this purpose are selected so as to provide good chemical resistance to the particular chemical to be encapsulated.
  • a special coating 13 for example a 0.0002 inches vinylidene chloride coating to a corona discharge treated polypropylene film to protect the inner volume not only against slow diffusion of confined titanium tetrachloride to the outside, but also to effectively prevent the diffusion of water vapor from the outside into said tape, so as to cause slow decomposition of the said chemical.
  • a chemical used as warning odor for natural gas I prefer to use a laminate of two 4-mil films of polyvinyl fluoride.
  • interreactive chemicals such as ammonia and hydrochloric acid vapors
  • the seal can be effected by a very rapid heat sealing process, but I prefer to employ an infrasound impingement sealing process, for which commercial equipment is readily available, or to use an adhesive.
  • I may even use as heavy tape as l2-mil, though the preferred range is 2- to 6-mil.
  • I may deliberately weaken the tape at selected points, for example by cutting or by perforation or embossing, or by using selectively thinner films in the areas in question.
  • FIG. 3 shows a single base film, in which cups 9 have been made by the use of any of the applicable well-known techniques, such as drawing or vacuum forming. These cups are filled with the warning chemical 8, whereupon (FIG. 4) another film I1 is sealed or adhered so as to bond to the noncupped portion of the first film, thus closing the cups in which the warning chemicals lodge.
  • 10 indicates an adhesive binding the two films together, although direct fusion by high frequency ultrasonic, or thermal techniques is also possible.
  • FIG. 5 shows the same tape from above, side cuts 12 weaken the film so that when it breaks, the break will occur across a cup thus releasing the warning chemical, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • Such lines of least resistance can also be achieved by indenting or otherwise modifying the film to reduce the width of the film locally, the rupture then occurring along a line at the narrowest point of the plastic proximate to the rupturing stress concentration,.or it may be achieved by localized etching or other similar mechanical or chemical localized weakening means, or by any other means of creating weakened tear zones, along which it can be safely predicted that any tearing will occur.
  • the chemical warning agent it is often desirable or necessary to use a special frangible container, or if it is laminated or injected into areas between plies of a laminated film it may be necessary or desirable to have this coated on the inner side with a coating more resistant and or less permeable to the chemical agent itself or to oxygen or moisture that could affect it, than is the film principally used in the warning device.
  • a polyethylene, or other thermoplastic olefins are used in the carrier film or if polyvinyl chloride film is used, it may be necessary or desirable to coat it with vinylidene chloride or fluoride in'order to minimize penetration.
  • a warning device for operation underground comprising:
  • an elongated extended member consisting essentially of synthetic resinous material
  • said member comprising a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart weakened tear zones
  • said member comprising a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart fully enclosed compartments each of said compartments containing a chemical warning substance which manifests its presence remotely from said compartment when said compartment is ruptured each of said compartments disposed in said member so that one of said weakened tear zones extends across said compartment so that rupture of said member at said tear zone ruptures said compartment.
  • said elongated member consists essentially of a tape member made as an interrupted laminate of two tape members wherein interruptions in said lamination provide said compartments.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)

Abstract

A warning tape, to signal the presence of underground installations, which includes capsules containing a smokereleasing or otherwise attention-compelling chemical substance, released when the tape is raptured.

Description

States Robert C. Hosack 12459 Barry Knoll, Houston, Tex. 77024 [21] Appl. No. 819,663
[22] Filed Apr. 28, 1969 [45] Patented June 1, 1971 Continuation-impart of application Ser. No. 616,524, Feb. 16, 1967, now abandoned,
Unite atent [72] Inventor [54] WARNING TAPE FOR UNDERGROUND INSTALLATIONS 10 Claims, 6 Drawing Figs.
[52] US. Cl 116/67, 61/72.], 102/865, 206/42 [51 1 Int. Cl G08b 3/00 [50] Field ofSearch 116/114,
67; 206/42, 46, 56 (A3), 65, 3; 23/253 (TP), 230; 102/865; 61/72.]; 246/487; 161/95, 127
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 173,675 2/1876 Savoral 102/865 2,512,367 6/1950 Nicolle 206/46 2,889,922 6/1959 Clarvoe 206/56 2,984,346 5/1961 Holley i 206/65 3,036,894 5/1962 Forestiere 23/230 3,282,057 ll/1966 Prosser 116/114UX 3,283,885 1 H1966 Grunewald et al 206/42 FOREIGN PATENTS 158,173 2/1921 Great Britain 102/45 OTHER REFERENCES Publication The Merck Index" 7th Edition Page 432 applicable Published by Merck Publication The Merck Index 7th Edition Page 1049 applicable Publication The chemistry of Organic Compounds pps. 264- 5 applicable Revised Edition James B' Conant The Macmillan Company Primary ExaminerLouis J. Capozi Attorney-Johan Bjorksten ABSTRACT: A warning tape, to signal the presence of underground installations, which includes capsules containing a smoke-releasing or otherwise attention-compelling chemical substance, released when the tape is ruptured.
PATENIED JUN mm 3581; 703
SHEEY 1 BF 2 PATENTEIJ JUN 1 new SHEU 2 [IF 2 FIGS WARNING TAPE FOR UNDERGROUND INSTALLATIONS This application is a continuation in part of Ser. No. 616,524, filed Feb. 16, 1967 now abandoned.
This invention relates to safety devices and particularly to a tape, which is to be placed underground to warn those working with digging implements or machines of the presence of underground installations-cables, pipelines, etc.
Heretofore it has been the practice to bury colored plastic film imprinted with a warning message near the surface above such utilities or pipelines, or to mark their presence by the use of readily breakable, low tension lines which sound alarms when broken. However, electrical warnings are dependent onthe continued electrical service, and on closely spaced warning signals, and the plastic tape may be overlooked by someone not already alerted to its presence.
An object of this invention is to provide warning means which release attention-compelling signals of a chemical nature, such as a dense smoke, an intense warning odor, a self-igniting gas or the like.
Another object isa novel and superior warning tape.
Another object is a chemically charged warning tape of high dependability.
Further objects will become apparent as the following detailed description proceeds.
In accordance with my invention, I encapsulate a chemical signal agent such as, for example, titanium tetrachloride, silicon tetrachloride, phosphorus, or the like, and dispose it in predetermined spacings in a warning tape in such a manner that mechanical rupture will preferentially continue across such encapsulation so as to liberate its content and set off the chemical signal.
The invention is illustrated by the drawings, of which FIG. 1 is a top view of an embodiment of the warning tape, showing the capsules filled with a chemical warning agent. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention in its practical application of protecting an underground installation. FIG. 3 is a side view of the embodiment of the warning tape, shown in FIG. 1, showing the capsules. FIG. 4 is a cross section of the tape illustrating the interior coating of a capsule. FIG. 5 is a top view of an embodiment of the warning tape, showing side cuts in the tape, and FIG. 6 is a top view showing break in film causing release of warning chemical.
In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1 a chemical warning agent 8 is encapsulated in a plastic film assembly 1 so that it will be released when this is torn along any line of least mechanical resistance such as those occurring between corresponding indentations 3 in the constituent plastic film.
These indentations may be stamped out in the edges of the ribbon, or cuts may be made in them in such a way that these cuts, on pulling on the tape, will propagate and will cause a tear across the tape which crosses the area in which the chemically active warning substance is encapsulated, so as to set this free.
The said chemical, when released, will cause a strongly perceptible warning to be sensed, for example, a dense cloud in the case of a hydrolyzable halide such as titanium tetrachloride or an intense odor in the case of a volatile mercaptan such as ethylor amyl-mercaptan, or a sound, for example, from a gas expansion effect.
FIG. 2 shows the actual operations of the invention. 5 is a pipeline to be protected by the warning. A trencher 6 is excavating and touches the warning tape. This breaks at 4 thereby releasing the chemical agent 8 which forms the cloud 7, warning of the presence of underground facilities.
In order to make the release of the warning chemical most positive, and assured, I prefer to enclose it between two laminated films in such a way that the same films form the tape, and the confinement for the warning chemical. In this fashion it is best assured that a crack forming or initiated in one of the films of such a ribbon laminate, will, when pulled or stressed, in effect be propagated across the supply of said warning chemical, setting this free to act.
The films used for this purpose are selected so as to provide good chemical resistance to the particular chemical to be encapsulated. In some cases I may apply a special coating 13 (FIG. 4), for example a 0.0002 inches vinylidene chloride coating to a corona discharge treated polypropylene film to protect the inner volume not only against slow diffusion of confined titanium tetrachloride to the outside, but also to effectively prevent the diffusion of water vapor from the outside into said tape, so as to cause slow decomposition of the said chemical. To confine amyl mercaptan, a chemical used as warning odor for natural gas, I prefer to use a laminate of two 4-mil films of polyvinyl fluoride. On the other hand, if interreactive chemicals, such as ammonia and hydrochloric acid vapors are to be used, I prefer to employ a fairly thick film made by mixing on a rubber mill 7 percent polyacrylonitril and 93 percent polyethylene and then extruding the resultant plastic alloy.
I generally prefer to vacuum form, or draw, a series of cups in one of the films, to fill the cup with warning agent, and then to press the other film over said cup so as to seal the same. The seal can be effected by a very rapid heat sealing process, but I prefer to employ an infrasound impingement sealing process, for which commercial equipment is readily available, or to use an adhesive. For example, when the tapes are made of 5-mil calendered polyvinyl chloride, I use a 10 percent solution of polyvinyl chloride in dimethyl ketone as the adhesive to bind the films together and to seal the warning chemical.
I may even use as heavy tape as l2-mil, though the preferred range is 2- to 6-mil.
In order to ensure the release of the warning chemical when the tape is ruptured, I may deliberately weaken the tape at selected points, for example by cutting or by perforation or embossing, or by using selectively thinner films in the areas in question.
Reference is made to FIG. 3 which shows a single base film, in which cups 9 have been made by the use of any of the applicable well-known techniques, such as drawing or vacuum forming. These cups are filled with the warning chemical 8, whereupon (FIG. 4) another film I1 is sealed or adhered so as to bond to the noncupped portion of the first film, thus closing the cups in which the warning chemicals lodge. 10 (FIG. 4) indicates an adhesive binding the two films together, although direct fusion by high frequency ultrasonic, or thermal techniques is also possible.
FIG. 5 shows the same tape from above, side cuts 12 weaken the film so that when it breaks, the break will occur across a cup thus releasing the warning chemical, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
Such lines of least resistance can also be achieved by indenting or otherwise modifying the film to reduce the width of the film locally, the rupture then occurring along a line at the narrowest point of the plastic proximate to the rupturing stress concentration,.or it may be achieved by localized etching or other similar mechanical or chemical localized weakening means, or by any other means of creating weakened tear zones, along which it can be safely predicted that any tearing will occur.
To confine the chemical warning agent it is often desirable or necessary to use a special frangible container, or if it is laminated or injected into areas between plies of a laminated film it may be necessary or desirable to have this coated on the inner side with a coating more resistant and or less permeable to the chemical agent itself or to oxygen or moisture that could affect it, than is the film principally used in the warning device. For example, if a polyethylene, or other thermoplastic olefins are used in the carrier film or if polyvinyl chloride film is used, it may be necessary or desirable to coat it with vinylidene chloride or fluoride in'order to minimize penetration. This also applies to the lower mercaptans; even amyl m'ercaptan is quite penetrating and requires special coatings to effectively confine it, such as polyfluoroethanes or polybenzimidazoles. With hypergolic liquids such as ethyl zinc or aluminum alkyl, the importance of adequate confinement is still more obvious; stronger films in sandwich construction and multiple coatings are here preferred.
It is thus seen that the invention is capable of considerable variation and is not to be limited excepting by the claims, in which it is my intention to cover all novelty inherent in this invention as broadly as possible in view of prior art.
Having thus disclosed my invention, I claim:
1. A warning device for operation underground, comprising:
an elongated extended member consisting essentially of synthetic resinous material,
said member comprising a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart weakened tear zones, and
said member comprising a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart fully enclosed compartments each of said compartments containing a chemical warning substance which manifests its presence remotely from said compartment when said compartment is ruptured each of said compartments disposed in said member so that one of said weakened tear zones extends across said compartment so that rupture of said member at said tear zone ruptures said compartment.
2. The device of claim 1 in which said chemical warning substance is a smoke releasing material.
3. The device of claim 1 in which said chemical warning substance is an odiferous substance.
4. The device of claim 3 in which said chemical warning substance is a volatile mercaptan.
5. The device of claim 1 in which said chemical warning substance is sound producing.
6. The device of claim 5 in which said chemical warning substance is a hydrolyzable volatile.
7. The device of claim 1 in which said weakened tear zones are provided by indentationsv 8. The device of claim 1 in which said weakened tear zones are provided by perforations.
9. The device of claim 1 in which said weakened tear zones are provided by cuts.
10. The device of claim I in which said elongated member consists essentially of a tape member made as an interrupted laminate of two tape members wherein interruptions in said lamination provide said compartments.

Claims (10)

1. A warning device for operation underground, comprising: an elongated extended member consisting essentially of synthetic resinous material, said member comprising a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart weakened tear zones, and said member comprising a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart fully enclosed compartments each of said compartments containing a chemical warning substance which manifests its presence remotely from said compartment when said compartment is ruptured each of said compartments disposed in said member so that one of said weakened tear zones extends across said compartment so that rupture of said member at said tear zone ruptures said compartment.
2. The device of claim 1 in which said chemical warning substance is a smoke releasing material.
3. The device of claim 1 in which said chemical warning substance is an odiferous substance.
4. The device of claim 3 in which said chemical warning substance is a volatile mercaptan.
5. The device of claim 1 in which said chemical warning substance is sound producing.
6. The device of claim 5 in which said chemical warning substance is a hydrolyzable volatile.
7. The device of claim 1 in which said weakened tear zones are provided by indentations.
8. The device of claim 1 in which said weakened tear zones are provided by perforations.
9. The device of claim 1 in which said weakened tear zones are provided by cuts.
10. The device of claim 1 in which said elongated member consists essentially of a tape member made as an interrupted laminate of two tape members wherein interruptions in said lamination provide said compartments.
US819663A 1969-04-28 1969-04-28 Warning tape for underground installations Expired - Lifetime US3581703A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US81966369A 1969-04-28 1969-04-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3581703A true US3581703A (en) 1971-06-01

Family

ID=25228712

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US819663A Expired - Lifetime US3581703A (en) 1969-04-28 1969-04-28 Warning tape for underground installations

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3581703A (en)

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3817411A (en) * 1972-10-18 1974-06-18 J Brown Underground pipe warning and identification apparatus
US4292916A (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-10-06 Micro-Circuits Company Timer and storage condition indicator
US4298115A (en) * 1979-02-09 1981-11-03 Micro-Circuits Company Time-lapse indicator
EP0224834A2 (en) * 1985-12-03 1987-06-10 Reef Industries, Inc. Sealed edge detectable tape
EP0225536A2 (en) * 1985-12-03 1987-06-16 Reef Industries, Inc. Reinforced metallic and polymer tape
US4988236A (en) * 1987-07-24 1991-01-29 Reef Industries, Inc. Polymeric tape with biocide
US5044303A (en) * 1989-10-23 1991-09-03 Culver Jr Frank A Sub-surface conduit marking apparatus
US5178495A (en) * 1987-07-24 1993-01-12 Reef Industries, Inc. Polymeric film with biocide
US5208085A (en) * 1991-08-19 1993-05-04 Pace Marvin B Ink or dye-filled blister packs
US5685256A (en) * 1995-01-20 1997-11-11 Gas Research Institute Set pressure sensing and verifying device
US5743031A (en) * 1996-02-23 1998-04-28 H&L Company Digging hardware signaling apparatus
US5967079A (en) * 1998-02-26 1999-10-19 At&T Corp. Surface marking device and method
US6125786A (en) * 1996-07-22 2000-10-03 Jarmyn; Gary Wayne Underground warning system for underground conduits or pipes
US6371692B1 (en) 1999-05-11 2002-04-16 Francis Robert Fatigati Device for early detection of underground utilities during excavation and method of using the same
US6609855B1 (en) * 2002-02-19 2003-08-26 At&T Corp. Color-pigmented utility conveyance
US6702518B2 (en) * 2000-12-29 2004-03-09 Mark Frog Harris Underground conveyance protection device and method
US6924428B1 (en) * 2003-03-07 2005-08-02 Brian L. Payne Damage prevention system for cables, pipelines and the like
US20080271663A1 (en) * 2004-07-22 2008-11-06 Keiberg International Inc. Method and Device for Navigating Excavation Towards A Buried Target
US20090136745A1 (en) * 2005-03-03 2009-05-28 Nickl Julius A Method for Producing a Device for Displaying the Effect of the invironment on environmentally-dependent materials
WO2009124307A1 (en) * 2008-04-04 2009-10-08 Pliant Corporation Films and methods for making tampering events evident
CN101931199A (en) * 2010-08-15 2010-12-29 山东电力集团公司临沂供电公司 Method for protecting buried cable
WO2013096702A2 (en) 2011-12-21 2013-06-27 Electrawatch, Inc. A passive alarm to prevent buried infrastructure damage
WO2014081887A1 (en) 2012-11-20 2014-05-30 Spectrum Pharmaceuticals Improved method for the preparation of liposome encapsulated vincristine for therapeutic use
US20150136234A1 (en) * 2013-11-18 2015-05-21 Mohammed Zulfiquar Pipeline leakage protection vault system
WO2017210370A1 (en) 2016-05-31 2017-12-07 Eas,Ip, Llc Smoketapetm
US20200003931A1 (en) * 2016-09-08 2020-01-02 Eas Ip, Llc Signal tape
US11287061B1 (en) 2021-02-23 2022-03-29 Ryan Rodriguez Underground gas line protection and method to use

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US173675A (en) * 1876-02-15 Improvement in fulminate-ribbons
GB158173A (en) * 1920-04-09 1921-02-03 John Lilly Palmer Improvements in or relating to amorces for toy guns and the like
US2512367A (en) * 1944-08-04 1950-06-20 Nicolle Charles Package
US2889922A (en) * 1954-10-13 1959-06-09 Johns Manville Adhesive applicator
US2984346A (en) * 1958-08-25 1961-05-16 Holley Plastics Company Capsule packaging
US3036894A (en) * 1958-10-22 1962-05-29 Jasper A Forestiere Method of using testing containers
US3282057A (en) * 1961-07-12 1966-11-01 Dow Chemical Co Underground line and method of installing same
US3283885A (en) * 1963-07-31 1966-11-08 Schering Ag Package for medicament tablets and the like

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US173675A (en) * 1876-02-15 Improvement in fulminate-ribbons
GB158173A (en) * 1920-04-09 1921-02-03 John Lilly Palmer Improvements in or relating to amorces for toy guns and the like
US2512367A (en) * 1944-08-04 1950-06-20 Nicolle Charles Package
US2889922A (en) * 1954-10-13 1959-06-09 Johns Manville Adhesive applicator
US2984346A (en) * 1958-08-25 1961-05-16 Holley Plastics Company Capsule packaging
US3036894A (en) * 1958-10-22 1962-05-29 Jasper A Forestiere Method of using testing containers
US3282057A (en) * 1961-07-12 1966-11-01 Dow Chemical Co Underground line and method of installing same
US3283885A (en) * 1963-07-31 1966-11-08 Schering Ag Package for medicament tablets and the like

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Publication The Chemistry of Organic Compounds pps. 264 5 applicable Revised Edition James B. Conant The Macmillan Company *
Publication The Merck Index 7th Edition Page 1049 applicable *
Publication The Merck Index 7th Edition Page 432 applicable Published by Merck *

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3817411A (en) * 1972-10-18 1974-06-18 J Brown Underground pipe warning and identification apparatus
US4298115A (en) * 1979-02-09 1981-11-03 Micro-Circuits Company Time-lapse indicator
US4292916A (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-10-06 Micro-Circuits Company Timer and storage condition indicator
EP0224834A3 (en) * 1985-12-03 1988-11-09 Reef Industries, Inc. Sealed edge detectable tape
US4699838A (en) * 1985-12-03 1987-10-13 Reef Industries, Inc. Reinforced metallic and polymer tape
EP0225536A3 (en) * 1985-12-03 1988-10-12 Reef Industries, Inc. Reinforced metallic and polymer tape
US4781958A (en) * 1985-12-03 1988-11-01 Reef Industries, Inc. Sealed edge detectable tape
EP0224834A2 (en) * 1985-12-03 1987-06-10 Reef Industries, Inc. Sealed edge detectable tape
EP0225536A2 (en) * 1985-12-03 1987-06-16 Reef Industries, Inc. Reinforced metallic and polymer tape
US5178495A (en) * 1987-07-24 1993-01-12 Reef Industries, Inc. Polymeric film with biocide
US4988236A (en) * 1987-07-24 1991-01-29 Reef Industries, Inc. Polymeric tape with biocide
US5044303A (en) * 1989-10-23 1991-09-03 Culver Jr Frank A Sub-surface conduit marking apparatus
US5208085A (en) * 1991-08-19 1993-05-04 Pace Marvin B Ink or dye-filled blister packs
US5685256A (en) * 1995-01-20 1997-11-11 Gas Research Institute Set pressure sensing and verifying device
US5743031A (en) * 1996-02-23 1998-04-28 H&L Company Digging hardware signaling apparatus
US6125786A (en) * 1996-07-22 2000-10-03 Jarmyn; Gary Wayne Underground warning system for underground conduits or pipes
US5967079A (en) * 1998-02-26 1999-10-19 At&T Corp. Surface marking device and method
US6371692B1 (en) 1999-05-11 2002-04-16 Francis Robert Fatigati Device for early detection of underground utilities during excavation and method of using the same
US6702518B2 (en) * 2000-12-29 2004-03-09 Mark Frog Harris Underground conveyance protection device and method
US6609855B1 (en) * 2002-02-19 2003-08-26 At&T Corp. Color-pigmented utility conveyance
US6924428B1 (en) * 2003-03-07 2005-08-02 Brian L. Payne Damage prevention system for cables, pipelines and the like
US20080271663A1 (en) * 2004-07-22 2008-11-06 Keiberg International Inc. Method and Device for Navigating Excavation Towards A Buried Target
US20090136745A1 (en) * 2005-03-03 2009-05-28 Nickl Julius A Method for Producing a Device for Displaying the Effect of the invironment on environmentally-dependent materials
WO2009124307A1 (en) * 2008-04-04 2009-10-08 Pliant Corporation Films and methods for making tampering events evident
US20110132788A1 (en) * 2008-04-04 2011-06-09 Pliant,Llc. Films and Methods for Making Tampering Events Evident
CN101931199A (en) * 2010-08-15 2010-12-29 山东电力集团公司临沂供电公司 Method for protecting buried cable
WO2013096702A2 (en) 2011-12-21 2013-06-27 Electrawatch, Inc. A passive alarm to prevent buried infrastructure damage
WO2013096702A3 (en) * 2011-12-21 2013-10-03 Electrawatch, Inc. A passive alarm to prevent buried infrastructure damage
WO2014081887A1 (en) 2012-11-20 2014-05-30 Spectrum Pharmaceuticals Improved method for the preparation of liposome encapsulated vincristine for therapeutic use
US20150136234A1 (en) * 2013-11-18 2015-05-21 Mohammed Zulfiquar Pipeline leakage protection vault system
US9671068B2 (en) * 2013-11-18 2017-06-06 Mohammed Zulfiquar Pipeline leakage protection vault system
WO2017210370A1 (en) 2016-05-31 2017-12-07 Eas,Ip, Llc Smoketapetm
JP2019523917A (en) * 2016-05-31 2019-08-29 イーエーエス，アイピー，エルエルシー Smoke tape
US20200003931A1 (en) * 2016-09-08 2020-01-02 Eas Ip, Llc Signal tape
US12007517B2 (en) * 2016-09-08 2024-06-11 Eas Ip, Llc Signal tape
US11287061B1 (en) 2021-02-23 2022-03-29 Ryan Rodriguez Underground gas line protection and method to use

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3581703A (en) Warning tape for underground installations
US4666052A (en) Tamper indicating cap assembly
US5456928A (en) Tamper-evident, flexible, reclosable package
US3633533A (en) Location of underground utility lines
US4623282A (en) Locating elements of construction beneath the surface of earth soils
CA1216555A (en) Tamper-proof wrap
US4579240A (en) Tamper indicating cap assembly
US6309105B1 (en) Resealable pack
EP1364884A1 (en) Easy-open strip and bags with it
EP0155035B1 (en) Plastic bag with venting perforations, closed plastic bag with venting perforations containing filler material and a plastic foil for forming such a bag
US3674134A (en) Rupturable container
JP2649280B2 (en) Volatile substance packaging
SU1433404A3 (en) Appliance for opening containers
GB1290422A (en)
US4621732A (en) Fastening apparatus for twist ties
JPH0255313B2 (en)
GB1355036A (en) Articles of plastic film
US4793504A (en) Closure with containment of telltale means
US3362617A (en) Package with tear tape opening means
ATE153963T1 (en) PACKAGING FOR SUBSTANCES FOR INFUSION PREPARATION
US4529636A (en) Fastening apparatus for twist ties
US4539237A (en) Fastening apparatus for twist ties
CA2159926C (en) Resealable pack
EP0959021A1 (en) Pack with directional seal
US3718113A (en) Buried pipeline signal