US3576386A - Cable terminal apparatus - Google Patents

Cable terminal apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3576386A
US3576386A US792012*A US3576386DA US3576386A US 3576386 A US3576386 A US 3576386A US 3576386D A US3576386D A US 3576386DA US 3576386 A US3576386 A US 3576386A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cable
terminal apparatus
thrust
sealing means
terminal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US792012*A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Francois Moisson-Franckhauser
Marcel Aupoix
Gerard Grison
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
Alcatel Lucent SAS
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
Compagnie Generale dElectricite SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, Compagnie Generale dElectricite SA filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3576386A publication Critical patent/US3576386A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L59/141—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems in which the temperature of the medium is below that of the ambient temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/26—Lead-in insulators; Lead-through insulators
    • H01B17/30—Sealing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
    • H01F6/065—Feed-through bushings, terminals and joints

Definitions

  • An isothermal fluid-tight bushing for an .electric conductor leading between two spaces one of which is isothermal consists of a substantially tubular member of ceramic material which, in conjunction with a wall to which the member is connected, defines the separation between the two spaces and two junction means respectively connecting the ceramic member with the conductor and the wall.
  • Each junction means consists of a stainless steel element connected to the conductor or the wall, as the case may be, a bellows connected to the element and a junction member connected between the bellows and the ceramic member, W
  • the present invention relates to an isothermal, insulating and fluid-tight, bushing between two enclosed spaces one of which is cryogenic, and its applications, more particularly, in cryo-connections as bushing equipment leading from a cryogenic enclosed space under pressure to an enclosed space in which a vacuum is present, for example for a cryogenic conductor carrying heavy currents at high voltage.
  • the invention relates more particularly to cryogenic conductors, i.e. to conductors operating at low temperature.
  • These conductors for example of the superconducting type, which are intended to carry electric current, consist of metal of a high degree of purity, the electrical resistivity of which is greatly reduced when they are brought to low temperature.
  • the invention is also applicable to conductors having superconducting properties when they are brought to a temperature below a given temperature, namely the critical temperature, below which superconductivity is set up.
  • a cryogenic connection comprises an electric conductor, a device for cooling the conductor by the circulation of cryogenic fluid, electric insulation between the electric conductor and the earthed parts, and thermal insulation for reducing to a minimum any heat transfer between the enclosed space containing the cooling fluid and the surrounding medium.
  • the electric conductor may consist of an aluminium conductor extending from a cryogenic enclosed space under pressure to another enclosed space in which a vacuum is present or which is under the pressure of conductor under voltage by any known electric insulating material.
  • the cryogenic enclosed spaces being brought to earth potential, may consist of two tubes, for example of stainless steel, which are electrically insulated from the electric conductor.
  • the wall separating the two enclosed spaces comprises, for example, ceramic material.
  • the present invention has for its object the provision of an isothermal fluid-tight bushing extending between a cryogenic space and a further space, which is resistent to stresses exerted on application of low temperature.
  • an electric conductor extending between two enclosed spaces one of which is cryogenic, an isothermal, insulating and fluid-tight, bushing including a member of ceramic material of substantially tubular form surrounding the conductor and first and second junction means respectively connecting the ceramic member to the electric conductor and to a wall defining with said ceramic member the separation between the two enclosed spaces, each said junction means comprising a stainless-steel element connected to the conductor or to the wall, as the case may be, and bearing on the ceramic member, a bellows connected to the stainless-steel element and a junction member connected between the bellows and the ceramic member.
  • the stainless-steel element of the first junction means is a ring bearing on the ceramic menber.
  • the bellows defines with i the stainless-steel element and annular space communicating with one of the enclosed spaces, being the space between the conductor and the ceramic member, through an aperture in the element, through which the annular space can be exhausted.
  • the electric conductor has a solid portion, for example of aluminium, in the space between the conductor and the ceramic member which space is exhausted and an enlarged portion comprising elemental conductors in the other space which is the cryogenic space, and resilient rings are disposed between the bushing and the enlarged portion of the conductor, so as to cause the bushing to be in compression.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates, by way of example, an axial sectional view of an isothermal bushing between a cryogenic enclosed space and an exhausted enclosed space relative to a cryoconnection comprising an electric conductor of the super- 7 conducting type;
  • gaseous helium at 20 K under a pressure of the order of 20 bars.
  • the enclosed cryogenic space 4 also surrounds the solid portion 1 of the electric conductor, so as to leave a space 5 between the said conductor 1 and a member 6 which, in conjunction with a wall 7, 18 to which the member 6 is secured, separates the cryogenic fluid and the vacuum.
  • the space 5 communicates with an evacuated enclosed space 40 surrounding the enclosed cryogenic space 4, from which it is separated by the wall 7, and containing a thermal superinsulation of known type, by which the enclosed space 4 is thermally insulated from the surrounding ambient medium.
  • the cryogenic enclosed space is connected to earth and for this purpose, and in order to avoid spark-over voltages in the cryogenic fluid, the member 6 opposite the solid conductor consists of ceramic material and is also given special dimensions which are readily determinable by the person skilled in the art.
  • the wall 7 consisting, for example, of stainless steel is protected by sheets 8 of electric insulating material, for example of polytetrafluoroethylene, perf erably wound on in a number of convolutions.
  • sheets 8 of electric insulating material for example of polytetrafluoroethylene, perf erably wound on in a number of convolutions.
  • sheets of the same material are disposed around the conductor in the inner enclosed space in the case where the latter contains a cryogenic fluid instead of being exhausted.
  • First and second junction means are provided for retor 1 and to the wall 7 (through a wall part 18), the junction means together with the member 6 constituting a fluidtight isothermal bushing between the cryogenic fluid contained in the enclosed space 4 under helium at pressure and the interior of the evacuated space between the solid conductor 1 and the ceramic member.
  • the first junction means consists of a first ring 9 of stainless steel, preferably of small thickness, which is welded to the conductor 1, and of a second ring 10 of aluminium,
  • a stainlesssteel bellows 13 is welded between the external ring 11 and a first metal flange 14a. preferably of stainless steel. the flange 1411 being welded to a tubular n'ng 14b soldered to the corresponding end of the ceramic member 6.
  • the ring 14b is made of a material compatible with good soldering to the ceramic member 6, and will consist. for example, of a ferrous alloy such as the material known under the registered trade mark Kovar.
  • the ring 11 may be formed with an aperture 16 between the annular space defined by the bellows 13 and the evacuated space 5, thus placing under a vacuum the interior of the junction.
  • Such an arrangement provides a fluid-tight bushing between an enclosed space containing gaseous helium under pressure and an exhausted space, for an electric conductor, intended more particularly for carrying heavy currents at high voltages, for example ofthe order of 10,000 A at 100 kV.
  • the junction means consists of a stainless-steel ring 19 connected between the wall 18 and the ceramic member 6.
  • the ceramic member 6 rests on the ring 19 through a substantially annular seating 20, preferably of ma lsah m teltt re of indium-
  • the ring 19 is secured to the ceramic member 6 by any known means.
  • the ring may be soldered to the wall; if soldering is not possible, a connection such as that illustrated in the figure may be made by means of screws such as 21.
  • a packing such as that shown at 22 is then provided between the wall 18 and the member 19.
  • Fluid-tightness between the ring 19 and the second end of the member 6 is obtained by means of a metal bellows 23, of which one end is welded to the ring 19 and the other end is welded to a second metal ring 24, a tubular member 25 of material readily solderable to ceramic being soldered to the sec-. ond end of the ceramic member 6 and welded to the ring 24.
  • the ring 19 is formed with an aperture 27 affording communication between the annular space 28, defined by the members 19 and 24 and the bellows 23, and the exhausted space 5.
  • FIG. 2 which is an axial section through a cryoconnection of the same type as that of FIG. 1, the same reference numerals are used to denote like parts.
  • This embodiment differs from the preceding one in the following respects: at the first end of the ceramic member 6, the ring 11 and the flange 14a are replaced by a single ring 31, for example of stainless steel, the bellows l3 consistingof a metal sealing diaphragm 33, to which the flange 14b is directly welded.
  • junction of the second end of the member 6 is made by means of a stainless-steel flange 35 welded to the metal wall 7 and in contact with the end of the ceramic member 6 through a seating 36 of malleable metal, for example of indium, lead or tin.
  • Fluid-tightness is afforded by a metal bellows 37, preferably of stainless-steel, which is welded on the one hand to the flange 35 and on the other hand to a ring 39 soldered 'to the second end of the member 6, the ring 39 being made of a material compatible with good soldering to a ceramic material, for example .of the material known under the e ist d s m rk Kw
  • the bushing affords great resistance to the stresses qsy l rssuhsrs nans ens res nowadays gsdfl i zti h t ss between the cryogenic space and the exhausted space, even when high currents and high voltages flow through electric conductor.
  • cryogenic fluid may be chosen from any cooling fluids, for example liquid helium, gaseous nitrogen, liquid or gaseous hydrogen, etc.,
  • the electric conductor may consist of any other material which is a good conductor of electricity, of hyperconducting or superconducting type.
  • the two enclosed spaces may contain cryogenic fluids of like nature or of different natures, under equal or different pressures.
  • an isothermal, insulating and fluid-tight bushing including a member of ceramic material of substantially tubular form surrounding the conductor and first and second junction means respectively connecting the ceramic member to the electric conductor and to a wall defining with said ceramic member the separation between the two enclosed spaces, each said junction means comprising a stainless'steel element connected to the conductor or to the wall, as the case may be, and bearing on the ceramic member, a bellows con nected to the stainless-steel element and a junction member connected between the bellows and the ceramic member, said bellows of said first junction means defining with said element an annular space communicating with one of the enclosed spaces and being the space between the ceramic member and the conductor, and an aperture in said element through which said annular space can be exhausted.
  • an isothermal, insulating and fluid-tight bushing including a member of ceramic material of substantially tubular form surrounding the conductor and first and second junction means respectively connecting the ceramic member to the electric conductor and to a wall defining with said ceramic member, the separation between two enclosed spaces,
  • each said junction means comprising a stainless-steel element connected to the conductor or to the wall, as the case may be, and bearing on the ceramic member, a bellows connected to the stainless-steel element, a junction ififinefeaiihateaveen the bellows and the ceramic member, said stainless steel element of said second junction means comprising a first ring secured to the ceramic member and, in a fluid-tight manner, to "said wall, and a second ring secured on the one hand to the associated junction member and on the other hand to the associated bellows.
  • a ceramic sleeve located inside the opening, coaxial with and spaced from the conductor and the cryogenic enclosure wall;
  • a bushing as claimed in claim 5 further inc ludinga cylindrical flange on the conductor provided on the side of the second stainless-steel ring facing the cryogenic enclosure, and a spring is located between the second ring and the flange to compress the bushing by urging the second steel ring toward the first.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Insulators (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
US792012*A 1968-01-26 1969-01-17 Cable terminal apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3576386A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR137689 1968-01-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3576386A true US3576386A (en) 1971-04-27

Family

ID=8645190

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US792012*A Expired - Lifetime US3576386A (en) 1968-01-26 1969-01-17 Cable terminal apparatus

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3576386A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE726835A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH479147A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1901428A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1559829A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1229706A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6901291A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5214240A (en) * 1990-08-07 1993-05-25 James G. Biddle Co. High voltage insulator testing system

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2309067A1 (fr) * 1975-04-21 1976-11-19 Alsthom Cgee Amenee de courant pour machine electrique supraconductrice
FR2692962B1 (fr) * 1992-06-30 1994-10-07 Aerospatiale Isolation thermique pour un dispositif cryogénique comprenant au moins une zone démontable.

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3290428A (en) * 1965-03-29 1966-12-06 Joslyn Mfg & Supply Co Method and apparatus for cable connection
US3404211A (en) * 1964-01-10 1968-10-01 Niagara Mohawk Power Corp Hermetically sealed electrical transformer connections
US3471628A (en) * 1967-11-15 1969-10-07 Ohio Brass Co Oil-filled cable terminal with conductive,elastomeric stress cone

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3404211A (en) * 1964-01-10 1968-10-01 Niagara Mohawk Power Corp Hermetically sealed electrical transformer connections
US3290428A (en) * 1965-03-29 1966-12-06 Joslyn Mfg & Supply Co Method and apparatus for cable connection
US3471628A (en) * 1967-11-15 1969-10-07 Ohio Brass Co Oil-filled cable terminal with conductive,elastomeric stress cone

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5214240A (en) * 1990-08-07 1993-05-25 James G. Biddle Co. High voltage insulator testing system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6901291A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-07-29
FR1559829A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-03-14
GB1229706A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-04-28
BE726835A (fr) 1969-07-14
CH479147A (fr) 1969-09-30
DE1901428A1 (de) 1969-08-28

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