US3575244A - Head for liquid explosives - Google Patents
Head for liquid explosives Download PDFInfo
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- US3575244A US3575244A US738358A US3575244DA US3575244A US 3575244 A US3575244 A US 3575244A US 738358 A US738358 A US 738358A US 3575244D A US3575244D A US 3575244DA US 3575244 A US3575244 A US 3575244A
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- Prior art keywords
- initiator
- head
- delivery
- channel
- channels
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 6
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000799 K alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000528 Na alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WFPZPJSADLPSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrogen tetraoxide Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)[N+]([O-])=O WFPZPJSADLPSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006023 eutectic alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYTOUQBROMCLBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetranitromethane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)([N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O NYTOUQBROMCLBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/16—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by fire-setting or by similar methods based on a heat effect
Definitions
- Used as an oxidizer can be nitrogen tetroxide, nitric acid, tetranitromethane, as a fuel-kerosene, benzine, aniline, toluene, and as an initiator there can be used an eutectic alloy of potassium and sodium, and hydrazine.
- jet-type blasting machines which can be used for destruction of rocks, for explosive forming under a layer of liquid in open dies and in other fields of engineering where energy of blast can be used.
- a blasting apparatus using liquid explosive and liquid initiator said apparatus being intended for boring holes.
- the apparatus is provided with a head having inlet channels for separate delivery of explosive components and liquid initiator supplied to the liquid explosive for its detonation.
- the reservoirs for liquid explosive components and initiator are arranged in the apparatus body above the head with channels, and the batching of liquid components and initiator in this case is performed with the aid of valves provided at the inlet end of the channels, said valves being fixed to a springloaded crossbeam.
- the channels for delivery of components and of liquid initiator in the known apparatus are isolated from each other, thereby affecting the operation of the blasting apparatus due to the following reason.
- An object of the invention is to develop an improved blasting apparatus with such an arrangement of channels in the head as to prevent the liquid initiator from direct contact with water or air.
- a blasting apparatus using liquid explosives having a head with channels for delivery of explosive components and initiator, wherein, according to the invention, at least one of said channels for delivery of explosive components and the channel for delivery of the initiator converge upon a common outlet channel inside the head.
- the present engineering solution of the problem makes it possible to avoid the forming of slags in the most narrowing portion of the channel by way of delivering the initiator into oxidizer or fuel, since, in this case, the outlet orifice of the channel for delivery of the initiator is washed by a component.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the blasting apparatus according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows the head of the blasting apparatus according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a partial view on arrow A of FIG. 2.
- the blasting apparatus comprises reservoirs l and 2 for fuel and oxidizer, which are the components of liquid explosive, and reservoir 3 for liquid initiator, said reservoirs being respectively connected by pipelines 4, 5 and 6 with apparatus head 7.
- Fuel and oxidizer are delivered to head 7 by pumps 8 and 9, while the initiator is delivered under the pressure of compressed air available in receiver 10 connected with reservoir 3.
- Head 7 is provided with channels l1, l2 and 13 (FIG. 2) connected to pipelines 4, 5 and 6, said channels serving for delivery of fuel, oxidizer and initiator; oxidizer and fuel in this case flow continuously, while the initiator for firing the charge is delivered periodically.
- valve 14 In case of batch feeding of the components and the initiator use is made of controllable valves, the component-batching valves (not shown in the drawings) being arranged either directly in channels 11 and 12 or in pipelines 4 and 5, while initiator-batching valve 14 is mounted in channel 13.
- Valve 14 is provided with bushing 15 having an orifice 16 as an inlet and an orifice 17 as an outlet for the initiator, wherein outlet orifice 17 can be closed by needle-type cutoff member 18 traveling in bushing 15 under the action of drive 19.
- Orifice 17 has a negligible diameter, which is necessary to form a compact jet of initiator and to eject it with a sufficient velocity, due to which fact slags may appear in said orifice.
- channel 12 for delivery of fuel is connected below bushing 15 with channel 20 via which fuel and the initiator flow simultaneously.
- the initiator in this case is delivered into a jet of fuel washing outlet orifice 17 of bushing 15, the fuel outflow velocity sharply increasing here owing to narrowing of the working cross section of channel 20, while particles of slag being formed are effectively washed out.
- the particles of slag accumulated inside the orifice 17 are pushed out mechanically by the needle of the cutoff member 18 each time'the valve 14 operates.
- the operation time of valve 14 should be shorter than the time passing from the moment of injecting the initiatorto the blast.
- Channel 11 for delivery of oxidizer comes out into circular recess 21 from which a number of channels 22 (FIG. 3) emerge positioned around channel 20.
- Such an arrangement of channels 22 facilitate the uniform mixing of the charge of the explosive mixture, which is important, e.g. when boring holes, since the destruction of rocks will take place over the whole area of hole face.
- shock absorber 23 made as an elastic gasket pressed between the body of head 7 and bushing 15.
- a blasting apparatus adapted for using liquid explosives, mainly for destruction of rocks, comprising a head provided with channels for delivery of explosive components and a channel for delivery of a liquid initiator; one of said channels for delivery of explosive components and said channel for delivery of initiator converging upon one common outlet channel inside said head and said common outlet channel and the other of said channels for delivery of explosive components opening from the head proximate one another.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
A head for liquid explosives primarily intended for rock destruction having channels for the delivery of liquid components and initiator wherein one of the channels for delivering liquid components and the channel for delivering the initiator converge to form a common outlet channel within the head, and wherein the supply of the liquid components is continuous while the supply of initiator is effected in pulses.
Description
uuucu DLGLCB' l'altilll Inventor Miron Abramovich Schegolevsky Moscow, Drovyanaya Ploschad, 9/10, kv.60, U.S.S.R.
Appl. No. 738,358
Filed June 19, 1968 Patented Apr. 20, 1971 HEAD FOR LIQUID EXPLOSIVES 2 Claims, 3 Drawing Figs.
U.S. Cl l75/4.5, 175/11, 299/13, 299/14 Int. Cl ..E21c 21/00, E21c 37/12 Field of Search 175/2, 4.5,
11; 299/13; 431/91; 102/(Inquired), 22, 23
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,106,238 10/1963 Bruce 431/91X FOREIGN PATENTS 122,107 1964 U.S.S.R. 299/13 Primary ExaminerErnest R. Purser Attorney-Waters, Roditi, Schwartz & Nissen PATENTED APR'20197I SHEET 2 [IF 2 The present invention relates to blasting machines employing liquid explosive materials having for their components fuel and an oxidizer fired as a mixture under the action of liquid initiator.
Used as an oxidizer can be nitrogen tetroxide, nitric acid, tetranitromethane, as a fuel-kerosene, benzine, aniline, toluene, and as an initiator there can be used an eutectic alloy of potassium and sodium, and hydrazine.
The apparatus of that type are known as jet-type blasting machines. which can be used for destruction of rocks, for explosive forming under a layer of liquid in open dies and in other fields of engineering where energy of blast can be used.
From the earlier publications, particularly from the USSR Authors Certificate No. l22,l07, there is known a blasting apparatus using liquid explosive and liquid initiator, said apparatus being intended for boring holes. The apparatus is provided with a head having inlet channels for separate delivery of explosive components and liquid initiator supplied to the liquid explosive for its detonation.
The reservoirs for liquid explosive components and initiator are arranged in the apparatus body above the head with channels, and the batching of liquid components and initiator in this case is performed with the aid of valves provided at the inlet end of the channels, said valves being fixed to a springloaded crossbeam. When the portions of liquid explosive are fired one by one, the shock wave forces out the crossbeam with the valves and, through clearances appearing after the displacement of valves, subsequent portions of explosive components and of initiator are delivered via channels to the hole face wherein the mixing of components and their firing under the action of the initiator take place.
The channels for delivery of components and of liquid initiator in the known apparatus are isolated from each other, thereby affecting the operation of the blasting apparatus due to the following reason.
It has been found out that a liquid initiator, in particular eutectic alloy of potassium and sodium when contacting the air or water available in the air and some components of explosive material, namely, nitrobenzene, forms hard slags which clog the portion of channel for delivery of initiator narrowing at the outlet, and the firing process stops. Due to this fact, the known apparatus could find no industrial application.
An object of the invention is to develop an improved blasting apparatus with such an arrangement of channels in the head as to prevent the liquid initiator from direct contact with water or air.
Said and other objects of the invention may be accomplished in a blasting apparatus using liquid explosives, having a head with channels for delivery of explosive components and initiator, wherein, according to the invention, at least one of said channels for delivery of explosive components and the channel for delivery of the initiator converge upon a common outlet channel inside the head.
The present engineering solution of the problem makes it possible to avoid the forming of slags in the most narrowing portion of the channel by way of delivering the initiator into oxidizer or fuel, since, in this case, the outlet orifice of the channel for delivery of the initiator is washed by a component.
Experiments have shown that all components of explosive material, except nitrobenzene, can be successfully used as the initiator protective medium.
The invention will further be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the blasting apparatus according to the invention;
FIG. 2 shows the head of the blasting apparatus according to the invention; and
FIG. 3 is a partial view on arrow A of FIG. 2. Referring to FIG. 1, the blasting apparatus comprises reservoirs l and 2 for fuel and oxidizer, which are the components of liquid explosive, and reservoir 3 for liquid initiator, said reservoirs being respectively connected by pipelines 4, 5 and 6 with apparatus head 7. Fuel and oxidizer are delivered to head 7 by pumps 8 and 9, while the initiator is delivered under the pressure of compressed air available in receiver 10 connected with reservoir 3.
In case of batch feeding of the components and the initiator use is made of controllable valves, the component-batching valves (not shown in the drawings) being arranged either directly in channels 11 and 12 or in pipelines 4 and 5, while initiator-batching valve 14 is mounted in channel 13. Valve 14 is provided with bushing 15 having an orifice 16 as an inlet and an orifice 17 as an outlet for the initiator, wherein outlet orifice 17 can be closed by needle-type cutoff member 18 traveling in bushing 15 under the action of drive 19.
Orifice 17 has a negligible diameter, which is necessary to form a compact jet of initiator and to eject it with a sufficient velocity, due to which fact slags may appear in said orifice. In order, to prevent orifice 17 from being clogged with slag, channel 12 for delivery of fuel is connected below bushing 15 with channel 20 via which fuel and the initiator flow simultaneously. The initiator in this case is delivered into a jet of fuel washing outlet orifice 17 of bushing 15, the fuel outflow velocity sharply increasing here owing to narrowing of the working cross section of channel 20, while particles of slag being formed are effectively washed out. The particles of slag accumulated inside the orifice 17 are pushed out mechanically by the needle of the cutoff member 18 each time'the valve 14 operates.
In order to avoid the ingress of fuel into the hollow of bushing 15, the operation time of valve 14 should be shorter than the time passing from the moment of injecting the initiatorto the blast.
Channel 11 for delivery of oxidizer comes out into circular recess 21 from which a number of channels 22 (FIG. 3) emerge positioned around channel 20. Such an arrangement of channels 22 facilitate the uniform mixing of the charge of the explosive mixture, which is important, e.g. when boring holes, since the destruction of rocks will take place over the whole area of hole face.
It is advisable sometimes to connect channel 11 with channel 13 and to isolate channel 12 from channel 13.
In order to protect valve 14 from the action of shock waves appearing during the explosion, provision is made for shock absorber 23 made as an elastic gasket pressed between the body of head 7 and bushing 15.
Iclaim:
l. A blasting apparatus adapted for using liquid explosives, mainly for destruction of rocks, comprising a head provided with channels for delivery of explosive components and a channel for delivery of a liquid initiator; one of said channels for delivery of explosive components and said channel for delivery of initiator converging upon one common outlet channel inside said head and said common outlet channel and the other of said channels for delivery of explosive components opening from the head proximate one another.
2. A blasting apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the explosive components are oxidizer and fuel and the initiator is mixed with one of said components in said common outlet channel whereby clogging of said common outlet channel is prevented.
Claims (2)
1. A blasting apparatus adapted for using liquid explosives, mainly for destruction of rocks, comprising a head provided with channels for delivery of explosive components and a channel for delivery of a liquid initiator; one of said channels for delivery of explosive components and said channel for delivery of initiator converging upon one common outlet channel inside said head and said common outlet channel and the other of said channels for delivery of explosive components opening from the head proximate one another.
2. A blasting apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the explosive components are oxidizer and fuel and the initiator is mixed with one of said components in said common outlet channel whereby clogging of said common outlet channel is prevented.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US73835868A | 1968-06-19 | 1968-06-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3575244A true US3575244A (en) | 1971-04-20 |
Family
ID=24967656
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US738358A Expired - Lifetime US3575244A (en) | 1968-06-19 | 1968-06-19 | Head for liquid explosives |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3575244A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3760888A (en) * | 1971-12-27 | 1973-09-25 | Hare L O | Shock wave drilling called shock tubes earth drill |
| WO1996001361A1 (en) * | 1994-07-05 | 1996-01-18 | Bisam Bremer Institut Für Schneid- Und Abtrag-Methoden Gmbh I. Gr. | Process and device for cutting and large surface excavating solid materials |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU122107A1 (en) * | 1946-08-06 | |||
| US3106238A (en) * | 1960-09-02 | 1963-10-08 | John N Bruce | Pyrophoric slug flame thrower |
-
1968
- 1968-06-19 US US738358A patent/US3575244A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU122107A1 (en) * | 1946-08-06 | |||
| US3106238A (en) * | 1960-09-02 | 1963-10-08 | John N Bruce | Pyrophoric slug flame thrower |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3760888A (en) * | 1971-12-27 | 1973-09-25 | Hare L O | Shock wave drilling called shock tubes earth drill |
| WO1996001361A1 (en) * | 1994-07-05 | 1996-01-18 | Bisam Bremer Institut Für Schneid- Und Abtrag-Methoden Gmbh I. Gr. | Process and device for cutting and large surface excavating solid materials |
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