Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/96—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving blood or serum control standard
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2496/00—Reference solutions for assays of biological material
  • G01N2496/05—Reference solutions for assays of biological material containing blood cells or plasma
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
  • Y10T436/10—Composition for standardization, calibration, simulation, stabilization, preparation or preservation; processes of use in preparation for chemical testing
  • Y10T436/101666—Particle count or volume standard or control [e.g., platelet count standards, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
  • Y10T436/10—Composition for standardization, calibration, simulation, stabilization, preparation or preservation; processes of use in preparation for chemical testing
  • Y10T436/106664—Blood serum or blood plasma standard or control

Definitions

• This invention relates to a diagnostic hematology composition. More particularly, it relates to a stabilized and standardized suspension of blood cells that provides a reference control for a number of routine hematologic determinations.
• the distinguishing feature of this invention resides in the preparation of a stable multiple-analysis reference control which combines in a single composition reference controls for red blood cell and white blood counting, hemoglobin content, hematocrit determination, and allows by mathematical computation, the calculation of mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin.
• An embodiment of this invention is the preparation of a stable cell suspension that approximates the composition of normal human blood. Oxalated or citrated whole human blood has limited stability on storage. Red blood cells slowly hemolyze and undergo changes in size and shape. Similarly, white blood cells suffer degenerative changes.
• a novel feature of this invention is the preparation of a stable red blood cell suspension that serves as a reference control for human white blood cells.
• Human white blood cells are not suitable for control purposes, especially in the presence of red blood cells, because they are unstable, excreting a lysozyme type of enzyme that attacks red blood cells.
• Avian red blood cells are larger than human red blood cells, and approximate the size and shape of human white blood cells.
• fowl red blood cells such as goose, chicken, duck, and preferably turkey red blood cells, close- 1y match the size and shape of human white blood cells, and lend themselves nicely to the subject tanning process.
• These stabilized simulated white blood cells provide a satisfactory substitute for human white blood cells in our composition control product.
• Suspensions of human red blood cells and simulated white blood cells are mixed in such proportion that the final red blood cell and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin content and hematocrit fall in the range considered normal for human blood.
• the normal range in human blood for red blood cells is 4,000,000-5,000,000 cells/mm. and for white blood cells the count is 5,000l0,000 cells/mmfi.
• the normal hemoglobin value is l2-16 grams/ ml.
• the term hematocrit is defined as the ratio of volume of packed red blood cells to the volume of whole blood. The normal ratio in humans is about 45%.
• the means corpuscular volume is the ratio of the volume of packed red cells in ml. per liter of blood to red blood cells in millions per cubic millimeter.
• the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is an index indicating the mean or average weight of hemoglobin per 100 ml. of packed red blood cell in terms of percent.
• the mean corpuscular hemoglobin is the ratio of hemoglobin content in grams per liter to red blood cells in millions per cubic millimeter.
• control product must accurately indicate on a comparative basis what a test sample of blood constitutes with regard to the above determinations. It is further evident how important it is for the control product to simulate non-treated cells. It follows, for instance, that if the control product contains cells that differ materially in size, the experimental results will be inaccurate, if not wholly meaningless. In essence, the cells treated by the method disclosed herein provides an excellent system of checks and balances so necessary in hematologic determinations.
• this invention embodies a composition prepared by mixing a suspension of human red blood cells with a suspension of stabilized fowl red blood cells (simulated human white blood cells) in such proportions as to provide in a single composition a multiple-analysis reference control for red blood cell and white blood cell counting, hemoglobin content and hematocrit determination.
• saline throughout can be any of the following three solutions: 0.9% by weight aqueous sodium chloride solution which is designated by the term solution A; 0.45% by weight aqueous sodium chloride solution designated as solution B; or a buffered saline solution (solution C).
• solution A 0.9% by weight aqueous sodium chloride solution
• solution B 0.45% by weight aqueous sodium chloride solution
• solution C a buffered saline solution
• the first step of the herein disclosed method for stabilizing fowl red blood cells consists of suspending the red cells in saline to provide up to a 50% volume suspension. Although a concentration as high as 50% will work, it is preferred to use a range from about 5% to about 10% by volume, and even more preferred to use an 8% suspension. This suspension is combined with an equal volume of a 1 to 3% solution by weight of mercuric chloride in saline.
• the second step consists of heating the resulting mixture at 37 C. for at least 12 hours, and preferably for about 19-20 hours.
• the solid materials are recovered by centrifugation and separation, and then resuspended in saline, as a 2-6%, and preferably a 4% suspension.
• the third step consists of combining with the aforesaid suspension, an equal volume of a 0.0025% w./v. solution of aqueous tannic acid in saline with thorough mixing,
• the saline solution containing the tannic acid is a buffered saline solution having a pH of 7.2, and is the solution C referred to earlier. Its preparation consists of the following reagents in the proportions indicated (per liter).
• red blood cells from any blood type can be used.
• Group blood cells are preferably used because of the ready availability of blood donors of this type. Pooled Group 0 blood, collected in acid citrate-dextrose anticoagulant solution, is centrifuged, and the supernatant removed and set aside, and the buffy layer of white blood cells gently removed and discarded. The packed red blood cells are washed several times with Alsevers solution, reconstituted in Alsevers solution, and stored at 2-8 C.
• the resuspending medium used for the final suspension of the human red blood cells, is prepared from defibrinated plasma that is serologically compatible with the suspended human red blood cells, i.e., Group A cells with plasma from Group A, Group B cells with plasma from Group B and Group 0 cells with plasma from Group 0.
• Defibrinated Group AB plasma (lacking antigens A and B) is compatible with Group A, Group B and Group 0 red blood cells.
• These plasma supernatants are defibrinated by treatment with bovine thrombin and then diluted 1:3 with Alsevers solution.
• a metabolic preservative selected from the class of compounds comprising purines and pyrimidines, is added to the suspending medium at a final concentration of about 34-35 mg. per 100 ml. of cell suspension.
• a particularly effective preservative agent is adenine (6-arninopurine or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt, Mann Research Laboratories, Inc., New York, N.Y.).
• EXAMPLE I Group 0 blood, collected in aqueous acid citratedextrose anticoagulant, is centrifuged under sterile conditions at 2000 r.p.m. for 20 minutes. The supernatant is gently suctioned off, care being taken not to draw into the supernatant any of the red cells or bufly white layer at the interface of the red cells and supernatant. The supernatant is retained for subsequent dilution with Alsevers solution, and used as a resuspending medium.
• the bufly layer (white blood cells) is carefully removed from the top of the packed red blood cells, withdrawing a thin surface of red cells if necessary.
• the packed red cells are washed twice with Alsevers solution, centrifuged, and stored at 2-8 C. until subsequent mixture With stabilized simulated white blood cells.
• Fowl red blood cells preferably turkey cells
• saline solution A
• saline solution A
• saline solution A
• mercuric chloride a 1% solution by weight of mercuric chloride in saline
• solution A a 4% 4 by volume suspension.
• solution C a 0.0025% weight/volume solution of tannic acid in buffered saline
• EXAMPLE III The supernatant plasma, obtained from Group 0 bloods collected in aqueous acid citrate-dextrose anticoagulant, is diluted with 1:3 with Alsevers solution.
• the diluted plasma is defibrinated by adding bovine thrombin (Parke- Davis & Co., Detroit, Michigan) at a concentration of 1 unit/ml, and incubated at 37 C. for 1 hour.
• bovine thrombin Parke- Davis & Co., Detroit, Michigan
• the clotted material is shaken vigorously to break up the clot, and filtered through a No. 50 Whatman filter pad on a Buchner funnel-suction flask set-up.
• Adenine sulfate is added at a concentration of 70' mgs./ 100 ml., warming at 37 C. to hasten the dissolution, and the solution filtered successively through 0.45 and 0.22 millipore filter pads.
• EXAMPLE IV The method of Example III with plasma from Group AB blood in place of Group 0 plasma.
• EXAMPLE V The simulated white blood cells prepared by the method of Example II are reconstituted in sterile A1- severs solution to about 24% hematocrit. This has an approximate count of 750,000-800,000 cells/mmfi. Two m1. of this suspension is further diluted by the addition of 100 ml. of the resuspending medium as prepared by the method of Example III or Example IV.
• the final cell suspension product containing approximately 34-35 mg./ ml. of adenine, has a red blood cell count of about 4,000,000-5,000,000 cells/mmfi, white blood cell count of 5,000-10,000 cells/mm hemoglobin, 12-16 grams/100 ml., and hematocrit, 43-47%.
• a hematology control fluid comprising a suspension of fresh human red blood cells and tanned fowl red blood cells in a volume of anticoagulant-containing human serologically compatible plasma medium, approximately equal to the packed volume of said human cells at a concentration of about 5,000-l0,000 of said fowl cells per cubic millimeter.
• said plasma medium comprises defibrinated human plasma in aqueous acid citrate-dextrose anticoagulant diluted with Alsevers solution in a volume ratio of about 1:3.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Cell Biology (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
• Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

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Cited By (25)

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• 1969
  • 1969-02-25 US US802263A patent/US3574137A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1969-05-02 GB GB22646/69A patent/GB1215662A/en not_active Expired
• 1970
  • 1970-02-23 SE SE7002307A patent/SE376485B/xx unknown
  • 1970-02-24 DE DE2008493A patent/DE2008493C3/de not_active Expired
  • 1970-02-24 ES ES376863A patent/ES376863A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1970-02-25 FR FR7006740A patent/FR2035733A5/fr not_active Expired

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