US3572627A - Blowout preventer - Google Patents

Blowout preventer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3572627A
US3572627A US765061A US3572627DA US3572627A US 3572627 A US3572627 A US 3572627A US 765061 A US765061 A US 765061A US 3572627D A US3572627D A US 3572627DA US 3572627 A US3572627 A US 3572627A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
annulus
plates
bore
packer
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US765061A
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English (en)
Inventor
Marvin R Jones
Benton Baugh
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cooper Industries LLC
Original Assignee
Cameron Iron Works Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Cameron Iron Works Inc filed Critical Cameron Iron Works Inc
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Publication of US3572627A publication Critical patent/US3572627A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
    • E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
    • E21B33/06—Blow-out preventers, i.e. apparatus closing around a drill pipe, e.g. annular blow-out preventers

Definitions

  • a blowout preventer controls the pressure within an oil or gas well during drilling and completion of the well. It comprises a housing adapted to be connected above the head of the well with its bore aligned with the well bore, and one or more packing elements carried within a recess in the bore. The packing element or elements are adapted to be moved inwardly for closing about a pipe or other member in the bore or for closing the entire bore when it is empty.
  • An annular blowout preventer has a single packer comprising an annulus of rubber whose bore is adapted to be radially constricted.
  • the packer comprises a massive annulus of rubber having rigid inserts molded into it for containing it during construction. These inserts extend from one end to the other of the annulus and comprise longitudinally extending ribs having flanges at their opposite ends which move radially inwardly as the bore is constricted.
  • An object of this invention is to provide an annular preventer and a packer therefor in which the overhang is increased without a reduction in the effective housing bore in the unconstricted position of the packer.
  • the sides of the plates are wedge-shaped in plan and adjacent one another to confine the annulus against extrusion between them and to cause them to move in unison as the annulus is constricted.
  • the plates are arranged at both ends of the annulus so that the packer may be arranged in the preventer housing with either end up.
  • ribs extend through the annulus in circularly spaced-apart relation, and each is connected to a plate at each end which overhangs the rib to form a flange. This controls to some extent the flow of the resilient annulus material and minimizes the tendency for the overhanging ends of the plates to bend under pressure.
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view through the blowout preventer of FIG. I, as seen along broken line 2-2 of FIG. I;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view, on an enlarged scale and as seen along broken line 4-4 of FIG. 2, of a connection between adjacent packer constricting parts which synchronizes their radial movement;
  • FIG. 5A is a top plan view of the packer, as seen along line 5A-5A of FIG. 5 and similar to FIG. 2A, but with the packer in the constricted position of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 6 is another partial sectional view similar to FIG. 5, but showing the packer in a further constricted position to close an open hole in the bore of the preventer housing;
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a rigid insert
  • FIG. 8 is a horizontal sectional view of the insert, as seen along broken line 8-8 of FIG. 7.
  • the preventer which isdesignated in its entirety by reference character 20, includes a housing 21 which is annular in shape and has a cylindrical bore 22 extending axially through it. Threaded holes 23 and ring grooves 24 are provided at both ends of the housing for coaxial connection and sealing to other wellhead members (not shown).
  • a drill pipe P forming part of the drill string may extend through its bore 22 and into the well bore.
  • a Kelly or other out-of-round member may extend through the bore 22 of the blowout preventer.
  • the bore may be empty so as to form an open hole" therethrough.
  • the preventer may be used in sealing about the member in the hole, such as the pipe P or the Kelly, so as to close off the annular space between such member and the bore 22, or alternatively to seal off with itself so as to close an open hole.
  • Housing 21 is made up of a body 25 which is generally L- shaped in vertical, half cross section to provide an upwardly opening shelf about its interior, and a cap 26 disposable over the upper end of the body 25 to form an annular recess 27 about bore 22.
  • Cap 26 has a bore 22a therethrough which forms a continuation of a bore 22b through the lower end of body 25, the two bores thus forming the bore 22 through the housing.
  • Body 25 includes a bridging ring 40 (to be described below), and cap 26 and the top surface of the ring form the upper and lower ends 27a, and 27b, respectively, of the recess.
  • the outer wall of recess 27 is concentric with bore 22 of the housing, and the ends 270, and 27b of the recess are perpendicular to its axis.
  • Packer 33 is cylindrical in shape, with its outer side and bore 35 concentric, and its ends 37 and 38 perpendicular to the axis of the bore 35. It fits closely within the upper and lower ends 27a and 27b of the recess and, as best shown in FIG. 2, when the packer is unconstricted, segments 36 are disposed with their inner arcuate faces adjacent its outer side and their outer arcuate faces adjacent the outer side of the recess 27. Bore 22b of the housing is connected to the radially outer portion of the recess 27 behind the outer side of the packer by a series of slots 39 formed in a bridging ring 40 to pennit well pressure to act over the outer side of the packer.
  • Each piston is connnected to a segment 36 by a rod 66 having a stud 65 threadedly connected between a socket on the innner end of the rod and a central hole in the segment.
  • Each rod 66 extends through a seal such as an O-ring 67 carried within an opening 68 through the housing 25 between the recess 27 and a cylinder 64.
  • the ring when the pin is removed, the ring may be lifted from and lowered into position for closing the cylinders 64. When lifted, the ring 70 permits access to any one or all of the pistons 63 for replacing or repairing them. Due to the threaded connection of the piston rod 66 to the stud 65, the piston may be rotated so as to release it from the stud 65 and permit it to be withdrawn from its cylinder 64.
  • Packer 33 includes a massive annulus 34 of rubberlike material having its bore 35 formed therethrough and a circular series of rigid inserts 41 which extend through the annulus from one end to the other.
  • Each such insert is bonded to the annulus and includes a rib 42 having a flange 43 at each end which overhangs the rib on all sides, as best shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • the ribs are disposed generally midway between the bore 35 and the outer side of the annulus, while the flanges are disposed with their radially innermost ends 43a, flush with the bore when the annulus is unconstricted.
  • each annular portion protrudes at 44 beyond the adjacent end surface of the flange 43 for engaging the opposite end surface of recess 27. Inward movement of the segments 36 constricts the packer, urging the top protuberance upwardly against the upper end of the recess to supplement the action of well pressure on the lower end of the packer.
  • the protruding surfaces on the lower end of the annulus may also fonn a seal against the lower end 27b, of the recess, the lower portion 22b, of the bore is nevertheless connected through slots 39 to the recess behind the annulus.
  • well pressure will still have access to the recess 27 behind the outer wall of the annulus. Since the protruding surface on the upper end of the annulus seals with respect to the upper end 27a, of the recess, the differential between this well pressure and atmospheric pressure in the upper portion 22a of the bore is effective over a substantial portion of the height of the packer to supplement the force of the actuators of the segments 36 in maintaining the annulus in its constricted position.
  • the packer is symmetrical end-for-end, it may be disposed in the recess 27 of the housing with either end up. Thus, if an upper protruding surface is damaged, the packer may be inverted to dispose the effective lip at its upper end.
  • the rigid inserts 41 are also caused to move inwardly, although to a lesser extent than the annulus itself. That is, as will be appreciated from a comparison of FIGS. 1 and 2 with FIGS. 5 and 6, upon constriction of the packer, the vertically midportion of its bore 35 will move radially inwardly past the innermost ends 43a, of the flanges 43 of the inserts. As the rigid inserts move inwardly, these innermost ends move into the bore 22 of the housing to overhang a portion of the annulus which has moved into the bore 22, thereby reducing the likelihood of extrusion of the annulus past the flanges.
  • each flange-Le a plane bisecting the flange from end to end--extends at an acute angle with respect to a radius of the packer which passes through the centroid of the flange. Since constriction of the annulus causes its inner portions to move radially inwardly at a greater rate than the outer portions thereof, and the rigid inserts 41 are bonded to the annulus, the flangeswill swing to a more radial orientation with respect to the packer bore.
  • the flanges swing from the skewed positions of FIG. 2A, when the packer is unconstricted, to a more radial position when the packer is constricted to seal about a pipe, as shown in FIG. 5A, and to a still more radial position when the packer is constricted to seal upon itself, as shown in FIG. 6A.
  • each flange i.e., the radial distance between the radially innermost and outermost ends 43a and 43b thereof-increases during constriction of the packer.
  • This is in contrast to the behavior of initially radially disposed flanges, as in the packers of the above mentioned patent, which have the same effective radial extent at all degrees of constriction of the packer.
  • the rigid inserts of the packer of the present invention occupy less initial space for a given amount of subsequent overhang.
  • the rubber forming the annulus is free to flow between the circularly spaced-apart ribs 42 as the packer is constricted.
  • the sides of the flanges 43 of adjacent inserts 41 engage one another in both the unconstricted and constricted positions of the annulus.
  • the rubber at opposite ends of the annulus is confined against extrusion between the flanges.
  • no one flange at an end of the annulus is free to move relatively to the remainder, so that in fact all the flanges and thus the inserts move in unison.
  • the opposite sides of the rib 42 of each insert are parallel to one another and also arranged with the vertical plane bisecting each rib disposed at an acute angle to the radius of the annulus passing through the centroid of the rib. More particularly, the opposite sides of rib 42 are disposed approximately within planes of least strain of the rubber of the annulus during movement of the annulus from unconstricted to constricted positions, so as to reduce the likelihood of breaking the bond between the ribs and the annulus, with consequent reduction of its effective life.
  • a packer for use in an annular blowout preventer comprising an annulus of deformable material having a bore therethrough, and a substantially circular series of rigid plates which are responsive to movement of said material and which are arranged on at least one end of the annulus with their end surfaces generally perpendicular to the bore and their radially innermost ends substantially adjacent the bore, when the annulus is unconstricted, to cause their effective radial lengths to increase as the annulus is constricted and said end surfaces to move radially inwardly of the bore along a path generally perpendicular thereto.
  • a packer for use in an annular blowout preventer comprising an annulus of deformable material having a bore therethrough, and a substantially circular series of rigid plates on at least one end of the annulus, the radially innermost ends of the plates being substantially adjacent the bore, when the annulus is unconstricted, and the plates being responsive to movement of said material and arranged with their end sur-.
  • a packer for use in an annular blowout preventer comprising an annulus of deformable material, and a substantially circular series of rigid plates on at least one end of the annulus, the radially innermost ends of the plates being substantially adjacent the bore of the annulus, when the annulus is unconstricted, and a plane bisecting each plate extending at an acute angle with respect to a radius of the annulus which extends through the centroid of the plate, when the annulus is unconstricted, said plate being responsive to movement of said material so that, as said annulus is constricted, said bisecting plane is swung toward said radius to reduce the acute angle therebetween to thereby increase the effective radial extent of each plate.
  • An annular blowout preventer comprising a housing having a bore therethrough and an annular recess in the bore, and a packer comprising an annulus of resilient material within the recess and having a bore therethrough substantially aligned with the bore of the housing, when the annulus is unconstricted, and a substantially circular series of rigid plates on at least one end of the annulus having end surfaces slidable over an adjacent end surface of the annular recess in the housing, said adjacent surfaces of the plates and recess being generally transverse to the aligned bores of the housing and annulus, and said plates being responsive to movement of said material so as to cause the radially innermost ends of the plates to move inwardly into the bore of the housing and increase in effective radial lengths as the annulus is constricted.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Tyre Moulding (AREA)
US765061A 1968-10-04 1968-10-04 Blowout preventer Expired - Lifetime US3572627A (en)

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US76506168A 1968-10-04 1968-10-04

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US3572627A true US3572627A (en) 1971-03-30

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GB (1) GB1266557A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
MY (1) MY7400066A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3994472A (en) * 1975-01-17 1976-11-30 Cameron Iron Works, Inc. Annular type blowout preventer
US4007904A (en) * 1975-03-28 1977-02-15 Cameron Iron Works, Inc. Annular blowout preventer
DE2740791A1 (de) * 1976-09-10 1978-03-16 Cameron Iron Works Inc Ringfoermiger ausblaspreventer
FR2363690A1 (fr) * 1976-09-06 1978-03-31 Cameron Iron Works Inc Obturateur anti-eruption
US4089532A (en) * 1974-12-18 1978-05-16 Arkady Ivanovich Kamyshnikov Blowout preventer ram assembly
US4098516A (en) * 1977-08-15 1978-07-04 Hydril Company Blowout preventer packing unit with slanted reinforcing inserts
US4229012A (en) * 1978-04-28 1980-10-21 Cameron Iron Works, Inc. Variable bore packer assembly for ram-type blowout preventers
US4310139A (en) * 1980-04-04 1982-01-12 Cameron Iron Works, Inc. Annular blowout preventer
DE3331140A1 (de) * 1982-09-16 1984-03-22 Cameron Iron Works, Inc., 77251 Houston, Tex. Ausbruchspreventer
US4460151A (en) * 1981-12-29 1984-07-17 Cameron Iron Works, Inc. Annular blowout preventer
US4605195A (en) * 1985-05-01 1986-08-12 Hydril Company Annular blowout preventer packing unit
US4900067A (en) * 1985-04-26 1990-02-13 Vetco Gray Inc. Retrievable packoff with an embedded flexible, metallic band
US5851013A (en) * 1997-07-03 1998-12-22 Hydril Company Blowout preventer packing element with metallic inserts
US20100147536A1 (en) * 2008-12-15 2010-06-17 David Alexander Trevas Variable radius annular and ram packing unit and method
US20100155628A1 (en) * 2008-12-18 2010-06-24 Carbaugh William L Deformation Resistant Opening Chamber Head and Method
US20160160599A1 (en) * 2014-12-09 2016-06-09 Hydril USA Distribution LLC Variable Ram Packer with Strain Reduction Features
US20170145771A1 (en) * 2015-11-24 2017-05-25 Cameron International Corporation Packer Assembly with Multiple Different Inserts for Blowout Preventer
NO20160507A1 (en) * 2016-03-30 2017-10-02 Electrical Subsea & Drilling As Annular blowout preventer
WO2017171555A1 (en) 2016-03-30 2017-10-05 Maritime Promeco As Annular blowout preventer
US9938793B2 (en) * 2015-11-24 2018-04-10 Freudenberg Oil & Gas, Llc Spherical blow out preventer annular seal
WO2019002883A1 (en) 2017-06-28 2019-01-03 Peak Well Systems Pty Ltd APPARATUS FOR SEALING AND METHODS OF USE
CN110939401A (zh) * 2020-01-02 2020-03-31 河北新铁虎石油机械有限公司 一种梅花式板型控压装置
US10648268B2 (en) 2015-08-31 2020-05-12 Cameron International Corporation Annual blowout preventer with radial actuating member
US10801284B2 (en) 2015-12-23 2020-10-13 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Expanding and collapsing apparatus and methods of use
US10822882B2 (en) 2015-12-23 2020-11-03 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Downhole apparatus and method of use
WO2021003415A1 (en) 2019-07-02 2021-01-07 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Expanding and collapsing apparatus with seal pressure equalization
US11078746B2 (en) 2016-11-09 2021-08-03 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Expanding and collapsing apparatus and methods of use
US11098554B2 (en) 2015-12-23 2021-08-24 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Expanding and collapsing apparatus and methods of use
US11231077B2 (en) 2015-12-23 2022-01-25 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Torque transfer apparatus and methods of use
US12000230B2 (en) 2020-08-25 2024-06-04 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Annular blowout preventer
US12065901B1 (en) 2021-10-18 2024-08-20 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Expanding and collapsing apparatus having bookend seal cartridges

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1708261A (en) * 1926-05-28 1929-04-09 Alvin B Crowell Automatic vacuum-sealing device
US2609836A (en) * 1946-08-16 1952-09-09 Hydril Corp Control head and blow-out preventer
US2846178A (en) * 1955-01-24 1958-08-05 Regan Forge & Eng Co Conical-type blowout preventer
US3323773A (en) * 1963-02-01 1967-06-06 Shaffer Tool Works Blow-out preventer

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1708261A (en) * 1926-05-28 1929-04-09 Alvin B Crowell Automatic vacuum-sealing device
US2609836A (en) * 1946-08-16 1952-09-09 Hydril Corp Control head and blow-out preventer
US2846178A (en) * 1955-01-24 1958-08-05 Regan Forge & Eng Co Conical-type blowout preventer
US3323773A (en) * 1963-02-01 1967-06-06 Shaffer Tool Works Blow-out preventer

Cited By (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4089532A (en) * 1974-12-18 1978-05-16 Arkady Ivanovich Kamyshnikov Blowout preventer ram assembly
US3994472A (en) * 1975-01-17 1976-11-30 Cameron Iron Works, Inc. Annular type blowout preventer
US4007904A (en) * 1975-03-28 1977-02-15 Cameron Iron Works, Inc. Annular blowout preventer
FR2363690A1 (fr) * 1976-09-06 1978-03-31 Cameron Iron Works Inc Obturateur anti-eruption
DE2740791A1 (de) * 1976-09-10 1978-03-16 Cameron Iron Works Inc Ringfoermiger ausblaspreventer
FR2364324A1 (fr) * 1976-09-10 1978-04-07 Cameron Iron Works Inc Vanne d'eruption pour tete de forage
US4099699A (en) * 1976-09-10 1978-07-11 Cameron Iron Works, Inc. Annular blowout preventer
US4098516A (en) * 1977-08-15 1978-07-04 Hydril Company Blowout preventer packing unit with slanted reinforcing inserts
US4229012A (en) * 1978-04-28 1980-10-21 Cameron Iron Works, Inc. Variable bore packer assembly for ram-type blowout preventers
US4310139A (en) * 1980-04-04 1982-01-12 Cameron Iron Works, Inc. Annular blowout preventer
US4460151A (en) * 1981-12-29 1984-07-17 Cameron Iron Works, Inc. Annular blowout preventer
DE3331140A1 (de) * 1982-09-16 1984-03-22 Cameron Iron Works, Inc., 77251 Houston, Tex. Ausbruchspreventer
US4900067A (en) * 1985-04-26 1990-02-13 Vetco Gray Inc. Retrievable packoff with an embedded flexible, metallic band
US4605195A (en) * 1985-05-01 1986-08-12 Hydril Company Annular blowout preventer packing unit
US5851013A (en) * 1997-07-03 1998-12-22 Hydril Company Blowout preventer packing element with metallic inserts
WO1999001639A1 (en) * 1997-07-03 1999-01-14 Hydril Company Blowout preventer packing element with metallic inserts
US20100147536A1 (en) * 2008-12-15 2010-06-17 David Alexander Trevas Variable radius annular and ram packing unit and method
US8353497B2 (en) * 2008-12-15 2013-01-15 Hydril Usa Manufacturing Llc Variable radius annular and ram packing unit and method
US20100155628A1 (en) * 2008-12-18 2010-06-24 Carbaugh William L Deformation Resistant Opening Chamber Head and Method
US9109421B2 (en) 2008-12-18 2015-08-18 Hydril USA Distribution LLC Deformation resistant opening chamber head and method
US20160160599A1 (en) * 2014-12-09 2016-06-09 Hydril USA Distribution LLC Variable Ram Packer with Strain Reduction Features
US9580988B2 (en) * 2014-12-09 2017-02-28 Hydril USA Distribution LLC Variable ram packer with strain reduction features
US10648268B2 (en) 2015-08-31 2020-05-12 Cameron International Corporation Annual blowout preventer with radial actuating member
US20170145771A1 (en) * 2015-11-24 2017-05-25 Cameron International Corporation Packer Assembly with Multiple Different Inserts for Blowout Preventer
US10161212B2 (en) * 2015-11-24 2018-12-25 Cameron International Corporation Packer assembly with multiple different inserts for blowout preventer
US9938793B2 (en) * 2015-11-24 2018-04-10 Freudenberg Oil & Gas, Llc Spherical blow out preventer annular seal
US11231077B2 (en) 2015-12-23 2022-01-25 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Torque transfer apparatus and methods of use
US10801284B2 (en) 2015-12-23 2020-10-13 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Expanding and collapsing apparatus and methods of use
US10822882B2 (en) 2015-12-23 2020-11-03 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Downhole apparatus and method of use
US11098554B2 (en) 2015-12-23 2021-08-24 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Expanding and collapsing apparatus and methods of use
NO343133B1 (en) * 2016-03-30 2018-11-19 Electrical Subsea & Drilling As Annular blowout preventer
AU2017244287B2 (en) * 2016-03-30 2022-08-04 Electrical Subsea & Drilling Annular blowout preventer
NO20160507A1 (en) * 2016-03-30 2017-10-02 Electrical Subsea & Drilling As Annular blowout preventer
WO2017171555A1 (en) 2016-03-30 2017-10-05 Maritime Promeco As Annular blowout preventer
US11156054B2 (en) 2016-03-30 2021-10-26 Electrical Subsea & Drilling As Annular blowout preventer
US11078746B2 (en) 2016-11-09 2021-08-03 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Expanding and collapsing apparatus and methods of use
WO2019002883A1 (en) 2017-06-28 2019-01-03 Peak Well Systems Pty Ltd APPARATUS FOR SEALING AND METHODS OF USE
US11168536B2 (en) 2017-06-28 2021-11-09 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Seal apparatus and methods of use
WO2021003412A1 (en) 2019-07-02 2021-01-07 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Expanding and collapsing apparatus and methods of use
WO2021003415A1 (en) 2019-07-02 2021-01-07 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Expanding and collapsing apparatus with seal pressure equalization
US11339625B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2022-05-24 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Self-inflating high expansion seal
WO2022108758A1 (en) 2019-07-02 2022-05-27 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Self-inflating high expansion seal
US11834924B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2023-12-05 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Expanding and collapsing apparatus with seal pressure equalization
US11898413B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2024-02-13 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Expanding and collapsing apparatus and methods of use
CN110939401A (zh) * 2020-01-02 2020-03-31 河北新铁虎石油机械有限公司 一种梅花式板型控压装置
US12000230B2 (en) 2020-08-25 2024-06-04 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Annular blowout preventer
US12065901B1 (en) 2021-10-18 2024-08-20 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Expanding and collapsing apparatus having bookend seal cartridges

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1266557A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-15
MY7400066A (en) 1974-12-31

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